英语强调句的用法剖析
2022-05-30解莹
解莹
强调句是英语中常见的句型之一,也是中考的一个热门考点。它是通过对句子中的某个部分进行强调,以突出说话人的意愿和情感。对此,笔者剖析了英语强调句的基本用法,并提出了几点注意事项,以期同学们能够准确把握和运用。
一、强调句的基本用法
1.陈述句句型:It is/was + 被强调部分+ that /who +其他。强调人时,既可用who,又可用that,其他强调则一律用that。例如:
My mother bought a lot of bread in the su- permarket yesterday.
昨天我妈妈在超市买了许多面包。
→It was my mother that/who bought a lot of bread in the supermarket yesterday.
昨天在超市买了许多面包的是我妈妈。(强调主语)
→It was a lot of bread that my motherbought in the supermarket yesterday.
昨天我妈妈在超市买了许多面包。(强调宾语)
→It was yesterday that my mother boughta lot of bread in the supermarket.
我妈妈是昨天在超市买了许多面包。(强调时间状语)
→It was in the supermarket that my moth-er bought a lot of bread yesterday.
昨天我妈妈是在超市买了许多面包。(强调地点状语)
2.一般疑问句句型:Is/was +被强调部分+ that/who +其他。例如:
Jack visited his grandparents in the coun- try last Sunday.
上周日杰克去乡下看望了他的爷爷奶奶。
→Was it Jack that /who visited his grand- parents in the country last Sunday?
上周日是杰克去乡下看望了他的爷爷奶奶吗?(强调主语)
→Was it his grandparents that /who Jackvisited in the country last Sunday?
上周日杰克去乡下看望的是他爷爷奶奶吗?(强调宾语)
→Was it in the country that Jack visitedhis grandparents last Sunday?
上周日杰克是去乡下看望他爷爷奶奶吗?(强调地点状语)
→Was it last Sunday that Jack visited hisgrandparents in the country?
杰克是上周日去乡下看望他爷爷奶奶吗?(强调时间状语)
3.特殊疑問句句型:特殊疑问词+is/was +it +that/who +其他。例如:
I found an eraser under the bed this morning.
我今天早上在床底下发现了一块橡皮擦。
→Who was it that found an eraser underthe bed this morning?
今天早上谁在床下发现了一块橡皮擦?(强调主语
→What was it that I found under the bedthis morning?
今天早上我在床下发现了什么?(强调宾语)
→Where was it that I found an eraser thismorning?
今天早上我在哪里发现了一块橡皮擦?(强调地点状语)
→When was it that I found an eraser under the bed?
我什么时候在床底上发现了一块橡皮擦?(强调时间状语)
二、注意事项
1.在强调句中,当被强调部分是主语时,that或who后面的谓语动词应与被强调部分的人称与数保持一致。例如:
It is you that /who are right this time.
这次是你对了。
It is I that/who am a student.
我是一名学生。
2.在强调句中,当被强调部分是时间、地点、方式、原因等状语时,强调词不能使 用“when, where, how, why”,应用“that”。例如:
It was every day when Peter goes toschool on foot. (×)
It was every day that Peter goes to schoolon foot. (√)
3.在强调句中,如果被强调部分既含有人,又 含 有 物,则不 能 使 用“who”, 只 能 用“that”。例如:
It was the things and the people who I remembered from my childhood. (×)
It was the things and the people that I remembered from my childhood. (√)
4.倘若要强调的是谓语动词,通常不使用
“It is/was …that… ”句型,而是直接在谓语动词原形前面添加助动词do,does或did进行强调。例如:
Do be careful when you cross the road.
过马路时你一定要当心。
He does like playing football.
他的确喜欢踢足球。
5.在not…until… 强调句型中,其结构为“It is/was not until +被强调部分+that+其他”。
需要注意的是,此句中虽然否定词 not 提前了,但不用倒装。例如:
直到老师进来学生们才停止讲话。
It was not until the teacher came in that thestudents stopped talking.(强调)
Not until the teacher came in did the students stop talking.(倒装)
总之,强调句看似简单,但稍不注意,极易用错。在平时的学习中,同学们既要把握其基本用法,又留意其注意事项,这样在运用时才能避免“踩雷”,提高准确率。