介词的魔力与妙用
2022-05-30袁小林于弟
袁小林 于弟
看到父子俩鼻子长得非常像,人们说:你儿子的鼻子很像你哟!
这句话用英语如何表达?
Your sons nose is like your nose/yours.
这样的句子太普通,远不如换一种表达:
Your sons nose is from yours.
看看,小小介词仿佛有魔力,一旦和动词搭配起来,立马有了灵性,含义丰富,韵味无穷。所以学英语,要重视介词。
请看on在句中的各种含义:
(1)Put the book on the desk.(在……上)
(2)Which side are you on?(支持)
(3)On arriving home Mom went to cook.(刚一……)
(4)She is on a diet now. (节食)
(5)It is a town on the river.(在河边)
(6)Meal and drinks are on me.(支付)
(7)He is hard on his kids.(对待,影响)
(8)You can get me on this number.(拨打)
(9)Today people carry no cash on them. (随身带)
(10)The boss is on the phone. (打电话)
(11)He is writing a book on grammar. (關于)
(12)The light is on in the classroom. (亮灯)
可见,介词使用频率高,适用范围广,有很强的空间意义。
英语中,介词是前缀词。汉语中,“介”意思是“在两者之间”,故有介绍、中介、介质、媒介、介于等词语。介词的作用可以理解为“桥梁”,后必须有实物才行,即名词、代词和动名词,只有实物才能撑起桥梁的一端。
一、介词和系动词 be搭配的含义
介词和系动词 be搭配,表示正在做某事或正从事某项工作,相当于正在进行时,请看下面例句。
(1)The students are on holiday. 学生们正在度假。
(2)The family were at table then. 当时那家人正在吃饭。
(3)The roses are in bloom. 玫瑰正在开花。
(4)The plan is still under discussion. 计划仍然在讨论之中。
美国有一个电影海报,写道:Hes just not that into you.
什么意思?
等于以下两句的意思:
He doesnt like you so much.
He isnt loving you so much.他不是那么喜欢你。
二、介词可以准确表示地理位置
(1)Mexico lies on the south of the USA. 墨西哥位于美国南边。(表示两地相连,比邻)
(2)Japan is located to the east of China. 日本位于中国东边。(表示在范围之外)
(3)The railway station is in the south of the city. 火车站在城市的南部。(表示在范围之内)
(4)The plane is flying above the clouds. 飞机飞翔在云层之上。(表示在……之上,高于)
三、“四两拨千斤”,介词比从句更简洁
(1)药品要放在小孩够不着的地方。
The medicine should be kept in places where children cant reach it.(where 引导定语从句)
The medicine should be kept where children cant reach it. (where 引导地点状语从句)
用介词短语表达:
The medicine should be kept beyond/out of childrens reach. (简洁生动)
(2)厨房里,妈妈喜欢把常用的东西放在伸手可及的地方。
In the kitchen, Mother likes to put the things that she uses a lot in places where she can reach them easily. (where 引导定语从句)
用介词短语表达:
In the kitchen, Mother likes to put the things she uses a lot within easy reach.
“昭君出塞”,怎样译成英语?内蒙古昭君墓的英文旅游介绍:
Zhao Jun married beyond the Great Wall.
beyond意思是:on or to the further side of something,这里用beyond清楚表达了“昭君远嫁到塞外大漠”的意思。
四、“高大上”,介词可表达抽象或用动词难以说明的意义
美国林肯总统提出的三民主义,“民有、民治、民享的政府”,英文是:
the government of the people, by the people and for the people
介词of表示属格,说明政府是属于人民的;
介词by表示被动,说明政府是依靠人民的;
介词for表示目的,说明政府是为了人民的。
所以准确地表达了“民有, 民治, 民享”之意。
有一个描写长城的经典句子:
The Great Wall of China winds its way from west to east, across deserts, over mountains, through valleys until at last it reaches the sea.
长城自西向东,蜿蜒前进,跨过沙漠,越过高山,穿过山谷,最后到达大海。
介词across, over, through形象生动地表达出“跨过,越过,穿过”的动感。
有人说:初级阶段玩名词,中级阶段玩动词,高级阶段玩介词。不无道理。
责任编辑 蒋小青