语法填空原创练习

周尧

（一）

Scientists have looked at both human comfort and the cost-benefit analysis of using fans and air conditioning（AC）and discovered ways to stay cool and still     61    （significant）reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

According to the International Energy Agency， air conditioning and electric fans account for a     62    （five）of global electricity consumption. Scientists found that by combining fans and AC， its possible     63    （keep）human comfort indoors while reducing reliance on AC. If it was used in Australia， the yearly emissions and cost could     64    （cut）by 70 percent.

The model they created to compare energy use and emissions employed five     65    （programme）. One used just air conditioning， and     66     other four had fans at different speeds and the use of AC only when the temperature     67     （get）too high. By modeling temperature data for the whole Australia， they found the one with the fastest fan     68     （produce）airspeed flows of 1.2 meters per second had a reduction of 76 percent in energy usage.

Co-author Professor Ollie Jay said，“By increasing air movement with fans， you can feel the same at a higher temperature     69    you will do at a lower temperature using AC. This is    70     most people can do to reduce the emissions in Australia.”

（二）

Despite the availability of COVID-19 vaccines， so many people died in the second year of the pandemic in the U.S. that the nations life expectancy（平均期望壽命）    61    （drop）for a second year in a row last year， according to a new analysis.

The analysis found U.S. life expectancy fell by under a half a year in 2021，    62    （add）to a dramatic decrease in life expectancy that occurred in 2020.“The finding that we had a horrible loss of life in 2021 that      63    （actual）drove the life expectancy even lower      64    （be）very disturbing，”says Dr.Steven Woolf， a professor of population health at Virginia Commonwealth University.

The      65    （motivate）for this study was to determine whether the fall in life expectancy      66    （document）in 2020 improved or rebounded（反弹）in 2021 or whether there was a continued decline.“Unfortunately， we didnt find good news，” Woolf told NPR in     67    interview.

The deaths that occurred in 2021 were a product not only of a lack of vaccination，     68    was a huge factor， but also being in places that didnt observe    69    （policy）like masking and social distancing. Woolf says，“We spend a fortune     70     medical care and were a high-income country. We should be able to do far better.”

（三）

Earth Day is April 22. Every year， people around the world observe the day by helping to care for the environment. They carry out all kinds of     61    （activity）in an effort to better the planets health.

One way to support this goal    62   （be）to grow native plants. For many birds and insects， plant pollen（花粉）is their food. Birds and insects often cannot recognize non-native plants     63     food. This means they dont collect the pollen or spread plants seeds.

Doug Tallamy，    64    professor of entomology（昆蟲学）at the University of Delaware， found that non-native plants can harm the    65    （nature）food chain， leading to breakdown of the environment.“Plant choice matters，”he said.“The plants we choose should    66    （determine）by how much life can live there.”

Humans depend     67     （strong）on insects. Without them， we would have no flowering plants，    68     would harm the food web that supports important animals. Birds， for example， depend on plants for food and spread their seeds while     69       （keep）the populations of harmful insects down.

In addition to providing food and habitat for birds and insects， native plants are able     70    （survive）easily and dont require much care.

（四）

Three Chinese astronauts of the Shenzhou-13 manned spaceship have completed their six-month space station mission and returned to Earth     61    （safe）.

Shenzhou-13s return capsule，    62    carried astronauts Zhai Zhigang， Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu， landed at the Dongfeng site in Inner Mongolia at 9：56 am on April 16th. When the return capsule     63    （touch）down successfully， the ground search team had arrived at the site， and the medical team confirmed that the astronauts were     64    good health.

During the mission， all the extravehicular（舱外的）activities     65    （perform）twice. The crew members carried out     66     number of scientific and technological experiments. They tested vital technologies for the construction and operation of the space station     67     （support）long-term stays， the recycling and life-support system， supply of space     68    （material）， extravehicular activities and operations， and in-orbit maintenance（保持）. The crew members also delivered two live classes from the space station and conducted a series of activities     69    （include）science popularization.

“The mission is a complete success. It marks China has completed the test of key technologies of    70    （it）space station， and also sets a record for Chinese astronauts stay in orbit，”said the China Manned Space Agency.

（五）

George Gordon Byron was considered as one of the greatest English Romantic     61     （poet）. Byron was born on 22 January 1788 in London.     62    （short）before Byrons birth， his grandfather on his mothers side got into heavy debts and passed away accidentally，    63     forced his mother to sell the land to pay off her fathers debts. At the same time， his father abandoned（抛弃）his mother， so her mother moved with him to Scotland， where they lived in near    64     （poor）.

Byron     65     （educate）at Aberdeen Grammar School， Harrow， in London， and Trinity College， Cambridge. Byron began writing poetry as a teenager，     66    （complete）his first volume（卷）at the age of 14. In 1812， the publication of the first two pieces of his epic poem（敘事诗）， Childe Harolds Pilgrimage， was    67    great success. From 1816 to 1823 Byron lived in Italy. Through this time Byron continued to write poetry and focused much of his attention    68    Don Juan.

In 1823 Byron moved to Greece. The following year， on 19 April， Byron    69   （die）of fever. However， his poetry remains among the best    70    （love）poetry in the English language.

（六）

Several months ago I purchased airline tickets to go home and surprise my mother for Thanksgiving. I wanted     61    （celebrate）her birthday and spend time with family for a couple of weeks. But     62     （unfortunate）， Mom became ill and passed away. Instead of going home for Thanksgiving， I went to say goodbye.

This is when its tough to look for the good in life. However， I    63    （choose）to be grateful even if my heart was broken. The joy of going home for the holidays     64    （replace）with loving memories of being at the dinner table and    65     （watch）Mom blow out birthday candles. I refused to let    66    （expected）circumstances silence gratitude. I didnt let sadness get in the way of the joy     67    accompanies gratitude. I was thankful for Mom and how she showed me the way of a faith-filled life. I was grateful for the people who sent sympathy    68    （card）， who called and prayed for me. Giving them thanks helped me see my troubles in a new light.

Thoughts of gratitude will shift our perspective    69     darkness to light. If you are in difficulties today， I pray that， little by little， you can find thanks for the big and small things within and around you， no matter     70    is happening.

參考答案与解析

（一）

来源：

https：//www.iflscience.com/environment/whats-better-for-the-environment-a-fan-or-air-con/

【要点综述】本文是一篇说明文。科学家通过实验发现，综合使用电扇和空调制冷能减少温室气体的排放。

61. significantly【解析】考查副词。副词修饰动词，故填significantly。

62. fifth【解析】考查数词。分数的分母用序数词，故填fifth。

63. to keep【解析】考查动词不定式。“it”作形式主语，不定式作真正的主语，故填to keep。

64. be cut【解析】考查被动语态。主语emissions and cost和“cut”之间是被动关系，且位于情态动词之后，故填be cut。

65. programmes【解析】考查名词复数。由“five”可知，要填复数形式，故填programmes。

66. the【解析】考查定冠词。特指5种方案中其余的4种，故填the。

67. got【解析】考查一般过去时。根据句中其他动词的时态可知，要用一般过去时，故填got。

68. producing【解析】考查现在分词作定语。“the fastest fan”和“produce”之间是主动关系，要用现在分词作定语，故填producing。

69. as【解析】考查连词。“the same as...”意思是“和……一样”，故填as。

70. what【解析】考查表语从句。表语从句连接词在表语从句中作“do”的宾语，指物，故填what。

（二）

來源：

https：//www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2022/04/07/1091398

423/u-s-life-expectancy-falls-for-2nd-year-in-a-row

【要点综述】本文是一篇说明文。分析发现，由于没有接种疫苗和严格遵守防控措施，疫情之后美国人的平均期望寿命连续两年下降。

61. dropped【解析】考查一般过去时。由“last year”可知，要用一般过去时，故填dropped。dropped for a second year in a row意为连续第二年下降。

62. adding【解析】考查现在分词作结果状语。主句内容和“add to...”之间是主动关系，要用现在分词作状语，故填adding。

63. actually【解析】考查副词。副词修饰谓语drove，故填actually。

64. is【解析】考查主谓一致。主语部分中心词是“The finding”，且陈述事实，要用一般现在时，故填is。

65. motivation【解析】考查词性转换。由“The”可知，要填名词，故填motivation。

66. documented【解析】考查过去分词作定语。“the fall in life expectancy”和“document”之间是被动关系，且动作已经发生，要用过去分词作定语，故填documented。

67. an【解析】考查冠词。“interview”是以元音音素开头的单数名词，故填an。

68. which【解析】考查定语从句。先行项是“a lack of vaccination”，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语，故填关系代词which。

69. policies【解析】考查名词复数。由like后面的masking and social distancing可知，要填名词复数，故填policies。

70. on【解析】考查介词。“spend...on......”意思是“把……花在……”，是固定搭配，故填on。

（三）

来源：

https：//www.51voa.com/VOA_Special_English/plant-native-plants-to-support-local-environment-wildlife-88838.html

【要点综述】本文是一篇说明文。在每年的地球日这天，人们开展各种各样的活动来保护地球，其中种植当地植物有利于保护当地环境。

61. activities【解析】考查名词复数。由“all kinds of”可知，要填名词复数，故填activities。

62. is【解析】考查主谓一致。主语是“One way to support this goal”，且陈述事实，故填is。

63. as【解析】考查介词。“recognize...as...”意思是“把……视作……”，故填as。

64. a【解析】考查冠词。表示“一个”，故填a。

65. natural【解析】考查词性转换。形容词修饰名词短语food chain，故填natural。

66. be determined【解析】考查被动语态。主语“The plants”和“determine”之间是被动关系，要用被动语态，故填be determined。

67. strongly【解析】考查副词。副词修饰谓语depend，故填strongly。

68. which【解析】考查定语从句。先行项是主句，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语，故填which。

69. keeping【解析】考查现在分词作状语。“Birds”和“keep”之间是主动关系，要用现在分词作状语，故填keeping。

70. to survive【解析】考查动词不定式。“be able to do sth.”意思是“能够做某事”，故填to survive。

（四）

来源：https：//www.shine.cn/news/nation/2204164466/

【要点综述】本文是一篇新闻报道。介绍了“神州十三号”飞船三名宇航员平安归来，以及此次太空飞行所执行的任务。

61. safely【解析】考查副词。副词修饰谓语returned，故填safely。

62. which【解析】考查定语从句。先行项是“Shenzhou-13s return capsule”，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语，故填关系代词which。

63. touched【解析】考查一般过去时。动作已经发生，要用一般过去时，故填touched。

64. in【解析】考查介词。“in good health”是固定短语，意思是“身体状况好”，故填in。

65. were performed【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。主语和“perform”之间是被动关系，且动作已经发生，要用一般过去时的被动语态，故填were performed。

66. a【解析】考查冠词。“a number of...”意思是“许多……”，故填a。

67. to support【解析】考查动词不定式。作目的状语，要用动词不定式，故填to support。

68. materials【解析】考查名词复数。结合语境可知，表达复数含义，故填materials。

69. including【解析】考查现在分词。“a series of activities”和“include”之间是主动关系，要用现在分词，故填including。

70. its【解析】考查词性转换。修饰名词，要填形容词，故填its。

（五）

来源：https：//www.publicpeople.org/who-is-lord-byron.htm

【要点综述】本文是一篇记叙文。介绍了英国浪漫主义诗人乔治·戈登·拜伦的家庭情况、教育背景和创作历程。

61. poets【解析】考查名词复数。“one of...”修饰可数名词复数，故填poets。

62. Shortly【解析】考查副词。副词修饰介词短语，故填Shortly。

63. which【解析】考查定语从句。先行项是主句，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语，故填关系代词which。

64. poverty【解析】考查词性转换。in near poverty一贫如洗，故填poverty。

65. was educated【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。主语和“educate”之间是被动关系，且动作已经发生，要用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was educated。

66. completing【解析】考查现在分词作状语。主语“Byron”和“complete”之间是主动关系，要用现在分词作状语，故填completing。

67. a【解析】考查冠词。此处“success”意思是“一件成功的事”，是可數名词，故填a。

68. on【解析】考查介词。“focus attention on......”意思是“集中精力于……”，是固定搭配，故填on。

69. died【解析】考查一般过去时。由时间状语可知，要用一般过去时，故填died。

70. loved【解析】考查过去分词作定语。“poetry”和“love”之间是被动关系，要用过去分词作定语，故填loved。

（六）

来源：https：//www.guideposts.org/better-living/life-advice/coping-with-grief/how-gratitude- can-help-you-move-on-from-heartbreak

【要点综述】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在母亲病逝的时候，通过感恩帮助自己走出悲伤的故事。

61. to celebrate【解析】考查动词不定式。“want”后接动词不定式作宾语，故填to celebrate。

62. unfortunately【解析】考查副词。副词修饰句子，故填unfortunately。

63. chose【解析】考查一般过去时。讲述过去的事要用一般过去时，故填chose。

64. was replaced【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。动作已经发生，且主语和“replace”之间是被动关系，要用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was replaced。

65. watching【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据and前面的being可知要填watching。

66. unexpected【解析】考查词性转换。结合前后句意可知，要填“expected”的反义词，故填unexpected。

67. that/which【解析】考查定语从句。先行项是“the joy”，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故填that/which。

68. cards【解析】考查名词复数。此处表达复数概念，故填cards。

69. from【解析】考查介词。“shift from...to...”意思是“从……转换到……”，是固定搭配，故填from。

70. what【解析】考查让步状语从句。句意为：如果你现在处于困境，不管发生什么事，我都希望你能渐渐地感恩你自身和周围的大小事。让步状语从句缺主语，故填what。

责任编辑 吴昊雷