巧用无灵主语，提升输出质量

张翔

第一部分 方法过手

无灵主语即没有生命力的主语，比如时间、地点、自然现象等。无灵主语常搭配有灵动词使用，赋予没有生命力的东西以有生命力的动作，从而增加主语的多样性，使语言更生动。

无灵主语常分为以下几种：表示情绪状态的抽象名词，表示身体部位和音容的名词，表示时间、地点、动植物、抽象概念的名词，以及表示行为和动作的名词。

一、表示情绪状态的抽象名词作主语

表示情绪状态的常见名词有joy（高兴）、excitement（兴奋）、fear（恐惧）、anger（愤怒）、sorrow（悲伤）等，与之搭配使用的动词或动词短语有seize（侵袭；突然控制）、well up（涌出）、choke （使哽咽）、flood （涌入）、creep over（不知不觉地产生）、grip（对……产生强有力的影响）、give way to （被……代替）等。

火灾发生时，她感到惊慌失措。

→She panicked when the fire broke out.（普通表达）

→Panic seized her when the fire broke out.（升级表达）

看到妈妈时， 金的内心非常高兴。

→Kim was very joyful when seeing his mother.（普通表达）

→Joy welled up inside Kim when he saw his mother.（升级表达）

她感到绝望，一时无语。

→She was despaired and speechless.（普通表达）

→ Despair choked her words.（升级表达）

【即时小练】

1. 当主持人宣布她获奖时，她兴奋极了。

When the host announced that she won the prize，_____________________________ .

2. 她伤心不已。

A sadness_____________________________________.

3. 他哽咽欲哭。

A lump________________________________________.

4. 眼泪沿着她的面颊流下来。

Tears________________________________________.

5. 恐惧慢慢地蔓延到她身上。

Fear slowly____________________________________.

二、表示身体部位和音容的名词作主语

表示身体部位和音容的名词主要有face、smile、laughter等，与之搭配使用的动词或动词短语有light up（照亮）、brighten（照亮）、linger（继续存留）、well up（涌出）、flash（突然想到）等。

当我给她送礼物时，她喜笑颜开。

→She smiled sunnily when I gave her the present.（普通表达）

→Her face lit up/brightened when I gave her the present.（升级表达）

笑声回荡在房间里。

→There was a long laughter in the room.（普通表达）

→Laughter lingered in the room.（升级表达）

【即时小练】

6. 看到直升机，简高兴地笑了起来。

The moment she caught sight of the helicopter， __________________________________________.

7. 他皱起了眉。

A frown_____________________________________________.

8. 沉默持續了一会儿。

Silence ___________________________________________.

三、表示时间、地点、动植物、抽象概念的名词作主语

当表示时间、地点、动植物、抽象概念的名词作主语时，常和以下动词进行搭配：witness、find、see、boast［拥有（值得自豪的东西）］。

最近几年，北京发生了巨大的变化。

→Great changes have taken place in Beijing in recent years.（普通表达）

→Beijing has witnessed great changes in recent years.（升级表达）

接下来的几年，有些濒危动物消失了。

→Some endangered animals disappeared in the following years.（普通表达）

→The following years saw the disappearance of some endangered animals.（升级表达）

【即时小练】

9. 在过去的三年中，校园里的大树见证了学生们的成长。

The trees on campus_______________________________________________________in the past three years.

10. 上周日下午，在操場上举行了竞争激烈的排球决赛。

Last Sunday afternoon___________________________________________________________on the playground.

11. 过去的经验告诉我们某些成就是无法获得的。

Past experience _________________________________________________certain accomplishments are beyond attainment.

四、表示行为和动作的名词作主语

常见的表示行为或动作的名词主要有sight、thought、glance、look、idea、feeling等，与之搭配使用的动词常有strike、arouse、remind、delight、frighten、overwhelm等。

我突然有了一个可怕的想法。

→Suddenly， I thought of a terrible thought.（普通表达）

→A terrible thought suddenly struck me.（升级表达）

看到电影里的场景，我感到恐惧。

→I was horrified at the scene in the film.（普通表达）

→The sight of the scene in the film filled me with horror.（升级表达）

【即时小练】

12. 他从未想到做志愿者的经历会对他之后的生活产生如此深远的影响。

____________________________________________ the experience as a volunteer would have such a profound effect on his later life.

13. 我突然想到了一个快速系中国结的方法。

A quick way to tie a Chinese knot____________________________________________________.

14. 这个故事使我想起了一句谚语：“不能以貌取人。”

This story ___________________________________________________“Never judge a person by his appearance.”

第二部分 语篇过招

阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。

A turning?point party

The cold snow was falling as Kelly struggled home from school in December. How much she hated the snow and everything else about Pinetree！ How much she missed Thailand！  “I hate it here！ I want to go home！” Kelly thought.

She reached for a small white envelope in her pocket. In it was an invitation to Jennifer's party： Kelly didn't want to go. She felt awkward at the thought of being at a party with a bunch of kids she barely knew. She closed her eyes and remembered this time of a year people would hold a festival to thank the Mother of Water in Thailand. They used banana leaves to make a little boat with a candle lit in it， made a wish for the coming year and set the boat floating on the river.

Kelly sighed and pushed open the door to her parents' restaurant. They were busy working. “Maybe I should go just this once for Mama and Papa. They are so worried that I'm not making any friends，” Kelly thought. Kelly went over and tied an apron around her waist. As she was washing dishes， she told her mother that she had been invited to a party on Friday night. Mama smiled， saying now she might be happy in their new home. Kelly nodded， thinking Pinetree could never be her home.

On Friday evening， Papa drove Kelly to the party. Jennifer met her at the door and led her into the dining room. Six kids from her classes were seated around the table， on which were sitting small brown cookie houses. They were selecting colorful candies and gluing them to their own houses. Wow， she loved making things. For this part of the party， she could be herself. She decided to decorate her cottage like one of the golden temples of  Thailand. As she was making it， Jennifer wondered how she did it. The others joined staring at Kelly with admiration. Kelly felt a warm glow. Maybe I could fit in here—a little， she thought.

注意：

1. 所續写短文的词数应为150左右；

2. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。

Paragraph 1：

After dinner， the party went on and the talk turned to the coming holidays.  ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Paragraph 2：

Suddenly， Kelly came up with an idea.  ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________