CKK Jordanki 文化和会议中心波兰托伦

2022-04-22卡罗琳娜·米西亚克,尤姆·卡桑耶,哈维尔·埃斯皮雷斯

世界建筑导报 2022年1期

关键词：红砖体量音乐厅

业主：图伦市政厅

建筑师：费尔南多·梅尼斯

建筑设计团队：卡罗琳娜·米西亚克、尤姆·卡桑耶、哈维尔·埃斯皮雷斯。

功能：文化（音乐会、表演艺术）和会议

m2地块：46,971平方米

建造：21,837平方米

造价：51,025,731欧元

结构：钢筋混凝土和钢结构

材料：混凝土和再生红砖

日期：2008年比赛；2011年设计；2013-2015年建造

Client:City Hall Torun

Architect:Fernando Menis

Architectural Design team:Karolina Mysiak,Jaume Cassanyer,Javier Espílez.Program:Cultural (Concerts,Performative Arts) and Conventions

Plot m2:46,971 m2

Built:21,837 m2

Cost:51,025,731 Euros

Structure:Reinforced concrete and steel

Materials:Concrete and recycled red brick

Dates: 2008 Competition; 2011 Design;2013-2015:Construction

尊重环境并与之融合

CKK Jordanki 音乐厅位于历史悠久的市中心周围的绿环内，俯瞰着维斯瓦拉河。为了使新建筑在自然环境和建筑环境中显得和谐，在设计体量的方向和高度时需要特别小心。因此，该建筑只占据了场地的一半，另一半则留作公园，并且高度尽可能低，以避免遮挡河上的景观。所达到的视觉效果是一个自然物体，一块卧于缓坡草甸上的天然岩石。

另一方面，物质性是指托伦的哥特式遗产，这是一座受联合国教科文组织保护的城市，其中几乎所有老城区的外墙都以红砖装饰。CKK Jordanki 音乐厅的外部是由白色混凝土制成的，与切面形成鲜明对比，可以看到由碎砖制成的红色内衬。Jordanki CKK音乐厅中使用的砖块是对传统砖块的重新诠释，是对托伦市外墙的引用，说到底是对其文化遗产的引用。

灵活设计

该项目的特点是具有极大的灵活性，根据客户的概要，这座建筑原本只是一个音乐厅，但在相同的初始预算情况下，最终成为举办各种音乐会和活动的空间。首先，剧院空间能够轻松容纳不同的观众量。例如，可以通过移动墙壁和改变易拆卸的座位的数量来连接两个空间充当主剧院。可以同时举办多场独立的活动。其次，由于其天花板是活动的，可以对建筑进行调整，以有效地承接交响乐表演、室内乐、剧院、歌剧和电影放映，并满足剧院设计师的任何声学要求。最后，音乐厅可以向外开放，可将室内舞台与室外公园连接起来进行室外演出。

Respectful integration with the environment

CKK Jordanki is located within a green ring around the historic city center,overlooking the Vistula River.Therefore,special care was took in designing the orientation and height of the volumes so that the presence of the new building establishes a harmonious relationship with the natural and built environment.Thus the building occupies half of the plot,the other half being dedicated to park and the height is kept as low as possible,to avoid blocking the view over the river.The visual effect achieved is that of a natural object,a rock embedded in a gently sloping meadow.

On the other hand,the materiality refers Torun's Gothic legacy,an UNESCO protected city,in which almost all the façades of the old town boast of red brick.CKK Jordanki's outside is made of white concrete in contrast to the cuts in the skin that give a glimpse of the red inner lining,made of crushed brick.The use of brick in Jordanki CKK is a contemporary reinterpretation of the traditional brick,is a reference to Torún's façades,and ultimately to its cultural heritage.

Flexible program

The program is characterized by a great flexibility at such extent that a building,which according to the client's brief,was meant to be only a concerts hall,ended up being a space for all kinds of concerts and events,within the same initial budget.First of all,the theatre space is able to adapt easily to different capacities.For instance you may join two rooms to act as the main theatre by moving the walls and changing the number of the easily removable seats.It is possible to hold several separate and simultaneous events.Secondly,thanks to its dynamic ceiling,the building can be tuned to effectively absorb symphonic performances,chamber,theatre,opera,and film and meet any acoustic requirements the theatre designer requires.Finally,the concert hall can open to the outside,allowing to join the interior stage with the park outside for outdoor performances.

循环利用和创新：picado 工艺

用于整个建筑的picado 工艺，这种工艺是指将混凝土与其他材料以特定方式混合。用于CKK Jordanki 音乐厅的picado工艺，要么是与当地工厂（Ceramsus）的再生红砖混合以达到声音反射效果；要么用的是来自中国的火山红石以达到吸音效果。picado 工艺是由费尔南多·梅尼斯提出的一项创新技术，包括将混凝土与其他材料混合后再打碎。除了能表现一种粗犷，picado 工艺还可以提供出色的声学效果。梅尼斯第一次使用它是在Magma 艺术与会议中心（加那利群岛特内里费，2005），将混凝土与当地的火山石进行了混合。对于CKK Jordanki 音乐厅来说，这项工艺已经分别由西班牙和波兰建筑研究所ITB 进行了进一步的研究、测试和认证。几乎城市的所有外墙上都有红砖的身影，其在CKK Jordanki 音乐厅中的应用，是梅尼斯是对这种传统材料的当代诠释，同时也是对该镇文化遗产的明确引用。

Recycling and innovation:picado

Picado,used in the entire building,is a mix of concrete and other materials.At CKK Jordanki,it was mixed either with reclaimed red bricks from a local factory (Ceramsus) for the sound reflection effect;either with a volcanic reddish stone from China,for its sound absorbtion effect.The picado is an innovative technique,conceived by Fernando Menis,consisting of mixing concrete with other materials and break it afterwards.Besides achieving a rough expression,the picado allows excellent acoustics results.The first time Menis used it,was for Magma Art &Congress (Tenerife,Canary Islands,2005),by mixing concrete with local volcanic stones.For the CKK Jordanki,the technique has been researched further,tested and certified by the Spanish and the Polish Building Research Institute-ITB,respectively.The red brick is present almost on all the façades of the city and its use in CKK Jordanki is Menis's contemporary reinterpretation of this traditional material while a clear reference to the town's cultural heritage.

Acoustics system

The definition of the auditorium space and of its shapes was made through an interactive process,always in relation to acoustics,until reaching the final shape.The plastic properties of concrete allows its use in concert halls in many different ways because it allows you to control the geometry (liquid stone) and adapt its shape to the formwork so that you can control the first sound reflections the listener received.In addition,the surface treatment of the crushed brick and concrete mix,allowed us a kind of diffusion,very difficult to achieve with other materials.

声学系统

礼堂的空间及其形状是在与声学有关的互动过程中确定的。由于混凝土具有塑性特性，在音乐厅中有多种不同的使用方式，可以通过控制几何结构（水泥浆）并使其形状适应模板，来控制听众收到的第一个声音反射。此外，碎砖与混凝土混合物经表面处理后能实现一种扩散性，其他材料很难达到这一点。

礼堂可移动部分的面积从80 到140 平方米不等，重量也有所不同，从11 到20 吨不等。每部分都可以在3 至5 米的高度上独立移动，可根据具体需要调整大厅的几何形状和体量，将8200 立方米的体量转变为6800 立方米，混响时间由1.85 秒减少到1.35 秒。通过增加额外的吸收功能，可以达到1.2 秒的混响时间，涵盖所有可能的活动：交响乐1.85 秒，歌剧1.6 秒，剧场1.2 秒。

The moving parts of the auditorium have an area ranging from 80 to 140 m2,having a weight that varies according to the piece,from 11 to 20Tn.Each of the pieces can move independently from 3 to 5 m in height,allowing adjustment of the geometry and volume of the hall,depending on the needs of each moment,transforming a volume of 8200 m3with a time reverberation of 1.85 seconds,into a volume of 6,800 m3,with a reverberation time reduced down to 1.35 seconds.By adding additional absorption you could reach a reverberation time of 1.2 seconds,which covers the entire range of possible activities: 1.85 seconds for symphonic music,1.6 seconds for opera and 1.2 seconds for theater.