冰壶，一项充满动静之美与取舍之慧的运动

人生没有捷径，一定要认识到任何一件事情都不会轻易的成功，在选择了一项兴趣爱好或者是体育项目的时候，我们起码要做出足够的努力，才能真正决定是否要去放弃，练一段时间怕苦就不练了，对一个人的整个人生的成长都是不利的，就像面对人生的困难一样，不能遇到一点点困难就退缩。

There is no shortcut in life. We should realize that nothing is easy to succeed. When we choose a hobby or sports， we should at least make enough efforts to decide whether to give up or not. Afraid of hardships， for everyone， is detrimental to the growth in whole life. Just like facing difficulties， we can’t flinch when we encounter difficulties.

起源于十六世纪的冰壶，又称冰上溜石，在很长时间内被视为表演项目，睽违近五个世纪，才在1998年的日本长野冬奥会上，成为冬奥会正式比赛项目。至2022年北京冬奥会，冰壶也不过是一个参与仅6届奥运会、拥有着悠久历史的“新人”。这项神秘而优雅的冰上运动，需要运动员掌控赛场上的大量细节，进行博弈和较量。前中国冰壶领队李冬岩曾说，“体操运动员的平衡感、芭蕾舞演员的优雅、赛跑选手的力量、国际象棋大师的智慧，都体现冰壶中。”可见，见微知著，是冰壶最大的魅力。

在本次的北京冬奥会赛场上，冰壶可谓是场次最多的竞赛大项，将会产生3枚冰壶金牌。值冬奥会之际，我们特别邀请到北京体育大学中国冰上运动学院于作军副教授，来为我们讲述冰壶运动中的动静之美与取舍之慧。

冰壶精神比胜利更有意义

与传统的奥运项目不同，冰壶有着500多年的历史，是一项历史悠久、富含传统底蕴的冬季体育运动。冰壶不仅考验参与者的体能，也是一种智力的比拼，因此又被人们称为“冰上国际象棋”。从规则上来说，冰壶可以被称为规则最少的冬季运动之一，各年龄段的人群都能从中体验到运动的乐趣与魅力。我们通常说的冰壶比赛为4人制，分别为一垒、二垒、三垒和四垒。两队角逐，每人两次投掷机会，按照顺序交叉投壶。参赛队员将冰壶球平稳推出，再使用冰壶刷在冰壶前快速擦动冰面。随着比赛的进行，冰面上的颗粒会逐渐被擦掉一部分，而运动员则会不断的根据变化，来调整投壶力量、线路和扫冰策略。

冰壶运动讲究技巧，尊重传统。一次完美的投壶固然赏心悦目，但遵循冰壶传统、秉持冰壶精神同样令人尊敬。人们常常会为一次惊艳的解局拍手叫好，也会为投出最后一壶让对方功亏一篑而无限惋惜。冰壶运动员们虽为胜利参赛，但绝不贬低对手。真正的冰壶运动员宁愿输掉比赛，也不愿有失公平，每位运动员都为完成一场高标准的冰壶比赛而努力着。正因如此，裁判在冰壶比赛中的存在感极低。冰壶虽然是一项竞技运动，但要求运动员具备友善的运动精神和可敬的行为准则。这种精神影响着赛场规则的解释和应用，也应影响着冰场内外所有参与者的行为。对于冰壶运动员们来说，一场体现冰壶精神的比赛比胜利更有意义。

集力量、技术、智慧于一体的运动

对于门外汉来说，冰壶常常被戏谑为“擦地板”。然而看似简单的“擦地”，却内含许多的学问，曾经执教北京体育大学冰壶队的于作军副教授就向我们解释了其中的奥秘。冰壶场上的角逐犹如排兵布阵，一场冰壶比赛的胜利拼的是智慧，较的是暗劲。一盘完整的棋局，需要具备棋子、棋盘和棋手，这样想来，观赏一场冰壶比赛就变得通俗易懂了。冰壶即为棋子。一场比赛两队共有80次投壶机会，每一壶的掷出都能为赛场带来千变万化，所以投壶的战略决定是赛场上的头等要事。于作军副教授介绍道，“冰壶不仅是一项对体能要求极高的运动，同时需要运动员具备丰富的比赛经验和灵活的应对能力，所以我们在训练时也非常注意运动员逻辑思维能力和战术素养的培养，这对他们在赛场上的战术选择与决策会有一定的帮助，有助于提升他们提前思考两步、三步甚至更多步的能力。”

除了“烧脑”，冰壶对运动员体能的要求也非常之高。观众在观看这项运动的时候可能并不觉得，但冰壶其实是出了名的高频率、大强度的运动，瞬间就可以让运动员满身大汗。就扫冰来说，运动员的心率一般会高达170次/分，个别运动员甚至会突破200次/分。在比赛中，运动员需要协调上下肢、配合脚步的移动，把身体的绝大部分重量放在冰壶刷上，全力跟上冰壶的移动速度，并且在扫冰二三十秒之后快速稳定心率进行下一次投壶。可以说，冰壶是一项凝聚动与静、技巧与智慧、个人与集体相结合的全能运动。

全民冰壶运动的可能

不同于足球、篮球，冰壶虽然听起来十分小众，但是却十分适合亚洲人开展，全民冰壶的目标并非遥不可及。据了解，申奥前全国总共只有不超过10条冰壶道，而现在全国有了29个专业的冰壶场馆，超过100条冰壶道。目前正是奥运季，全国“冰雪热”持续升温，不少地方都在开展旱地冰壶活動。

校园冰壶的推广和社会大众的参与并不难，于作军副教授向我们解释道。“非专业级别下，开展冰壶运动不需要投入很高的经济成本，篮球馆、体育馆或学校可以在功能用房、废旧的办公室开展冰壶运动，买一套冰壶设备，铺上一条冰道就可以开展。”对于大众来说，冰壶也并非是一项高高在上的运动。在花费上，冰壶装备如服装、鞋等十分亲民，有许多性价比高的品牌可供选择；在教育娱乐上，这项运动安全系数高，受年龄限制小，对身体素质要求低，极易上手。于教练形象地说，“普通人学习打网球，可能打了10次一直在捡球，但冰壶不一样，玩个两三次，就能从中体会到很多的运动乐趣。”

雖然不是专业冰壶运动出身，于作军却对冰壶情有独钟。他开玩笑的说，自家女儿四五岁就能看懂冰壶比赛，每周和家人抽时间陪孩子练冰壶，也俨然成为了一个小小家庭的团建活动。虽然已经不再担任冰壶的教学工作，但于作军依然心系学生，有着强烈的责任感和使命感。对于运动员们未来的职业发展，他坦言，国外的冰壶运动员可能本身就是博士、工程师、医生、教师等，他们喜欢冰壶，也会做相关的科研。相较而言，我国冰壶运动员的文化素养还有待提高。对于职业运动员来说，要想达到世界顶尖的层次，光靠练习远远不够，必须具备充足的理论知识来为自己的身体和精神做好支撑。他还补充道，尽管职业运动不是一条好走的道路，但只要下定功夫，付出足够的努力，同样可以取得巨大的成就，对人的一生都有着至关重要的帮助。

Originated in the 16th century， curling was regarded as a performance event for a long time. Nearly five centuries before， it became the official competition event of the Olympic Winter Games in Nagano， Japan in 1998. By Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games， curling is just a "newcomer" who only acrossed six Olympic Games. This mysterious and elegant ice sport requires athletes to control a large number of details on the field. Li Dongyan， former Chinese curling leader said， "The balance of gymnasts， the elegance of ballet dancers， the strength of runners and the wisdom of chess masters are all reflected in the curling." It can be seen that finding big differences from small details is the greatest charm of curling.

This year， curling is a major event with the largest number of competitions and three gold medals. On the occasion of the Olympic Winter Games， we specially invited Associate Professor Yu Zuojun from China Ice Hockey Sports Academy of Beijing Sport University to tell us about the beauty and wisdom of curling.

Curling spirit are more meaningful than victory

Different from other sports， curling has a history of more than 500 years and is a very traditional winter competition. It is not only a test of participants’ physical fitness， but also an intellectual competition， therefore， it is also known as"chess on ice". There are few rules， and people of all ages can have fun from it. Usually a team consists of 4 person. There are four player positions on a curling team called the lead， second， vice， and skip. Under normal circumstances， two teams compete， and each person throws twice. Players throw the curling balls smoothly， and then the other players use curling brushes to wipe the ground quickly in front of the curling balls. As the competition goes， some particles on the ice will be gradually wiped off， and athletes will constantly adjust their strength， routes and strategies according to the changes.

Curling is a sport that pays attention to skills and respects tradition. People not only applaud for a stunning solution， but also feel regrettable for the last action to make the other team fall. Although curling athletes compete for victory， they will never belittle their opponents or try to distract them. A real curling player would rather lose the game than be unfair. Every athlete is working hard to complete a high-standard curling competition. For this reason， referees redmain in the background as far as possible. Curling is a competitive sport， but its essence is friendly sportsmanship. Athletes negotiate with each other according to the "Curling Spirit" to resolve disputes and contradictions. For curling players， a game that embodies curling spirit is more meaningful than victory.

Sport integrates strength， skills and wisdom

For people who don’t know， curling is often joked as wiping the floor. But Yu Zuojun， who used to coach the curling team of Beijing Sport University， explained the mystery to us. Throwing curling balls on the field is like chess formation. It’s more about wisdom. A complete chess game need chess pieces， chessboards and players， in terms of this， curling becomes easy to understand. There are 80 chances of throwing balls for two teams in a game， and each throwing can bring different situations to the field， so the strategic decision is the top priority in the competition. Yu said that curling is not only a sport with high physical requirements， but also requires athletes to have rich competition experience and good ability of communication， coordination and dealing with emergency. “We also pay great attention to the cultivation of athletes’ logical thinking ability and tactical literacy during training， which will help them to make tactical choices and decisions in the real competitions， and help to improve their ability to think more steps in advance.”

Besides tricky， curling requires high athletes’ physical fitness. The audience may not feel it when watching this sport， but it is a high-frequency and intensity sport， which can instantly makes athletes sweat. As far as ice sweeping is concerned， athletes’ heart rate is generally as high as 170 beats/min， and some even exceed 200 beats/min.In the competition， athletes need to coordinate their upper and lower limbs and move with their feet， put most of their body weight on the curling brush， try their best to keep up with the movement speed of curling， and quickly stabilize their heart rate after sweeping the ice for twenty or thirty seconds for the next throwing. It can be said that curling is a sport that combines movement and stillness， skill and wisdom， as well as individual and group.

The development of the national curling

Different from football and basketball， curling is a skill competition， which is very suitable for Asians to carry on， and the goal of curling for all is not out of reach. Before the Olympic bid， there were no more than 10 curling lanes in China. At present， there are 29 professional curling venues and more than 100 curling lanes. Now， it is the Olympic season， winter sports fever continues to develop， and many places are carrying out curling relative activities.

In fact， it is not difficult to promote the campus ice and snow sports and the participation of the public. “For non-professional level， curling doesn’t require high economic cost. Basketball stadiums， gymnasiums or schools can carry out curling in functional rooms and abandoned offices by buying a set of curling equipment and paving an ice lanes.” Professor Yu explained to us， curling is actually very close to the people， but it has always been called the gentleman movement， giving the public an impression of luxury. In terms of cost， curling equipment such as clothing and shoes can be cheap， and there are many cost-effective brands to choose from. In terms of education and entertainment， this sport is very safe， and has a wide range of participants， low requirements for physical quality. For example， ordinary people learn to play tennis， they may have played tennis for 10 times and kept picking up the ball， but curling is different. After playing two or three times， they can gain a lot of fun from it.

Although he is not a professional curling player， Yu Zuojun has a special feeling and emotion to curling. He joked that his daughter could understand curling competition when she was four or five years old. Every week， his family took as much time as possible to accompany his child to go curling. This is not only the cultivation of children’s physical and mental health， but also a sweet family activity. Although he no longer works as a curling coach， Yu still cares about his students. He said that in foreign countries， curling athletes generally have a second job. They may be doctors， masters， engineers， pilots and teachers. They like curling and do related scientific research. Comparatively speaking， the cultural literacy of Chinese curling athletes needs to be improved. For professional athletes， to reach the top level in the world， practice is far from enough， and they must have sufficient theoretical knowledge to support themselves physically and mentally. “Taking sports as a career is not an easy road， but as long as you make up your mind and make enough efforts， you can also attain great achievements， which is of vital significance for your whole life.”Yu added.

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