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吴春花 《建筑技艺》（AT）执行主编

当结构除了性能之外，成为“隐藏”或“奉献”于设计意图背后的表象支撑，这时结构在建筑与空间层面就具有了更重要的意义。这种并不彰显的、带有某种匿名性的结构表现，或可称为建筑中“匿形的结构”。本期“AT建筑”以“匿形的结构”为主题，特别选择阿尔瓦罗·西扎的华茂艺术教育博物馆，正是希望带来不同角度的建筑与结构关系的思考。

第一次走进华茂艺术教育博物馆，很自然让人联想起巴西阿雷格里港基金会博物馆，盘旋缓坡的观展路径、内向通高的中庭，甚至有限的开向海景的窗户都很相似。诚然，光线、流动、曲面、坡道……是西扎的建筑带给我们最熟悉的印象，而鲜少被谈及的结构或技术其实从未缺席，从构思草图起就一直贯穿于设计始终。坡地中雕塑般的悬浮在透光缝隙的衬托下颇具戏剧性，特意错位与平移后的三层坡道曲直变化连接展厅的同时带来了连续性的观感及体验，精心安排的机电设备管线隐匿于纯净的白色中，华茂艺术教育博物馆非常艺术化地展现了一场空间与重力的游戏，似有若无地营造出一个“荷载传递的空间迷宫与重力迷宫”。在一系列匿形的结构操作之下，光线漫射的白色中庭因抽象的空间元素表达和人的流动行进，更真切地被观者感知与理解，近身体尺度的墙裙、栏板、扶手细节则进一步关照并强化着这种体验感。至此，建筑师想要表达的空间氛围得以达成，结构也实现了其重要的意义和价值。这一点还可以在中国国际设计博物馆、Saya公园等更多西扎的作品中循迹。如何将结构问题转译为相对复杂甚至思辨的建筑表达，需要我们更加清醒地思考。

出于建筑中的“具象”问题，由“蝴蝶”引发的九问是以建筑师自述对空间、尺度、结构、建造、绿色等本体层面的设计策略回溯。Ensamble Studio的住宅案例分析与从体量消减及复合重构出发的柱元形态研究，探讨了基于建筑与结构关系的具体设计策略。在以建筑设计表达可持续理念上，阿兰·肖特《建筑中自然环境的恢复》一书是自然通风设计方面的他山之石，整体设计导向的建筑光伏一体化则通过案例及数据库分析提出了另一种方向。与此不同的城市层面，北京前门H地块、隆福大厦、常德老西门改造呈现了不同城市进化状态下的设计策略的差异性与城市发展的复杂性，以及其中建筑师的持续思考。

In addition to performance,when the structure becomes the representation support behind the design intention,it will have more important significance at the architectural and spatial level.AT special is focused on this kind of structural expression,which is not obvious and has some anonymity,especially the Huamao Museum of Art Education.

Walking into it for the first time,the Museum for Iberê Camargo Foundation in Brazil is naturally aroused.The exhibition path circling the gentle slope,the inward high atrium,and even the limited windows opening to the sea view are similar.Light,flow,curved surface and ramp are the most familiar impressions of Siza's architecture.In fact,the structure or technology has never been absent.It has been throughout the design since the concept of the sketch.The sculpture suspended in the slope is quite dramatic.The deliberately misplaced and shifted three-layer ramp changes bring continuous experience while connecting the exhibition hall.The electromechanical equipment pipelines are hidden in pure white.This museum artistically shows a game of space and gravity.It seems to create a "space maze and gravity maze of load transfer".Under such operations,the light diffused white atrium is truly perceived and understood due to the expression of abstract spatial elements and the flow of people.The details of wall skirts,breast boards and handrails near the body scale strengthen this sense of experience.So far,the space atmosphere can be achieved,and the structure also realizes its value.This can also be traced to more Siza's works such as China Design Museum and Saya Park.How to translate structural problems into architectural expressions requires people to think more.

Considering the "concrete" problem in architecture,the nine questions of "butterfly" contain the design strategies of space,scale,structure,construction,green and other ontology levels described by the architect.Based on the residential cases analysis of Ensamble Studio and the column from research on volume reduction and composite reconstruction,the specific design strategy based on the relationship between architecture and structure are discussed.In terms of expressing the concept of sustainability,the book The Recovery of Natural Environment in Architecture by Alan Short is a stone of other hills in natural ventilation design.The overall design-oriented building integrated photovoltaic puts forward another direction through the case and data analysis.At the urban level,the renovation of Beijing Qianmen block H,Longfu Mansion and Changde Laoximen present the differences of design strategies under different urban evolution states,the complexity of urban development,and the continuous thinking of architects.