浅谈《论语》三个英译本的对比研究
2021-11-12陈实
陈实
摘要:《论语》是国内外翻译与诠释最多的典籍之一,对于《论语》的各种英语译本已经达到了二十种以上,我们所能够看到的资料基本上是海外译本和国内译本的比较。本文是对三个译本在翻译上的具体的差异的比较,并探讨对于其产生的原因。
关键词:《论语》,理雅各,许渊冲,辜鸿铭
一、简述三位译者
本文选取的三个《论语》英译本分别是:
理雅各是伦敦布道会传教士,近代英国第一位著名汉学家。理雅格译本大多采用直译,几乎是按照中文逐字翻译。
许渊冲,中国著名翻译家。许渊冲的译文既富文学色彩又有现代气息,注重英语语言的流畅和优美,尽力把古代汉语转化成地道的现代英语。
辜鸿铭的译本,不但最好的保持了《论语》的原貌,更好地帮助读者理解《论语》中孔子的思想。
二、三个译本之间的对比分析
1.子在陳曰:「歸與!歸與!吾黨之小子狂簡,斐然成章,不知所以裁之。」
【译文】孔子在陈国,说:“回去吧!回去吧!我们那里的学生们志向高大得很,文彩又都斐然可观,我不知道怎样去指导他们。"
理译:When the Master was in Ch'an, he said, "Let me return! Let me return! The little children of my school are ambitious and too hasty. They are accomplished and complete so far."
许译:Why not return? said the Master in the State of Chen, why not return? The youth in my own country are thoughtless and careless, but they write well.
辜译:When Confucius in the last days of his travels abroad was in a certain State he was heard to say, “I must think of going home. I must really think of going home. My young people at home are all high-spirited and independent.”
對于“歸與”和“小子狂簡,斐然成章”的翻译,三位译者给出了不同的译本。(译文二的翻译曲解了原文的意思)对比之下,译文三整段译文形神兼备,既忠实于原文,有保存了原作的神韵。 足见译者的高明、娴熟,译文浑然天成,实现了译作的最佳效果,更能凸显原文情感。
2.子曰:「回也,其心三月不違仁,其餘則日月至焉而已矣。」
【译文】孔子说:"颜回呀,他的心长久地不离开仁德,别的学生么,只是短时期偶然想起一下罢了。"
许译:Yan Hui, said the Master, would not do anything against humanism for three months on end. Others may do so, but only for a day or at most for a month.
三月,日月——“长久地”译“三月",用“短时期” “偶然”来译“日月”。译文对三月进行了直译 three months ,有失偏颇。
3.子曰:「師摯之始,關雎之亂,洋洋乎!盈耳哉。
译文:孔子说:“当太师挚开始演奏的时候,当结尾演奏《关雎》之曲的时候,满耳朵都是音乐呀!”
理译:The Master said, "When the music master Chih first entered on his office, the finish of the Kwan Tsu was magnificent; how it filled the ears!"
许译:How pleasant to the ear, said the Master, are the Prelude played by the Music Master of Lu and the Chorus of Cooing and Wooing. What a flood of music!
辜译:Confucius speaking of the performance of a great musician of the time remarked, “The volume of sound at the commencement and the clash were magnificent. How it seemed to fill the ears!”
原文将事件的开头和结尾作为凸显的侧面,而把事件的其他部分作为此认知的。基地对于最后一句的翻译,三个译本均采用了感叹句式,包含情感。译文二flood一词用来形容盈十分恰当。
三、三个译本误译及原因探析
三个译本中,三个译本的误译也有着不同的根源:理雅格的误译及误译原因:理雅格的译本产生于 19 世纪,一般来说,对同一著作的翻译,新译本总会超越旧译本。理译产生的时代中西文化交流还未深入,因此受时代的局限误译在所难免;辜鸿铭的译本错误最少,误译产生的根源是中西方语言文化的巨大差异,且大部分是《论语》英译的共性问题。综上所述,受不同时代、翻译目的和译者主体性差异的影响,三个译本的异化策略呈现不同的特色。
参考文献
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