英国AAM建筑工作室

工作室简介

总部设在伦敦的AAM建筑工作室是建筑设计机构，也是专业的城市策划者和规划师。AAM致力于设计使用寿命长并能适应不同时代需求的优美建筑，还致力于创造不朽的经典建筑，包括全新的城市地标以及规模不等的居住社区。他们在所有项目中注重每一处细节的创作，以及对每一种设计环境独特性的尊重和赞美。

从家具设计到室内设计，从建筑设计到景观设计，AAM的工作涉及诸多领域。作为建筑环境方面的专家，他们还开展研究和咨询业务，同时他们的团队中还有建筑保护、室内设计和可视化方面的专家。

AAM的作品遍及英国及世界各地，在北美、印度、中东和欧洲大陆都有他们的设计项目。除了位于伦敦的总部，AAM还在剑桥、曼彻斯特、利物浦和都柏林设有办事处。

设计方法

AAM首先对所有的建筑成品负责，同时也充分考量到人们的福祉、城市的特征，以及地球生态环境的健康。

AAM的设计方法总是着眼长远，尊重地球的多样性，并充分理解作为设计师的重要责任。他们设计的建筑使用寿命长、品质优异，能让用户们感到满意和愉悦；在城市设计和规划领域，他们的目标是制定出适合当地情况的独特规划方案，以应对未来的经济、生态和社会变化。

AAM推崇简约的、并且认为朴实无华的、具有凝聚性的建筑，采用可持续发展和延长使用寿命的综合设计方法为依据，更能经得起时间的考验。从微观到宏观，他们对工艺和质量的不懈追求始终是他们保持方法技术严谨性的强大支持。

生活

充满活力的环境是他们所做一切工作的本质依赖。所有人在一种友好、支持、合作和创造性的氛围中茁壮成长。

AAM尊重并且珍视不同观点。立足于伦敦的全球文化多样性特点，工作室的员工来自世界各地，并且始终以此为自豪。他们有近一半的资质建筑师是女性，在英国各大建筑事务所中占比最高。这种多样性丰富了他们的生活和他们最终呈现出来的设计作品。自1984年Bob Allies和Graham Morrison创立以来，对话与交流一直是他们开展工作实践的标志之一，这种交流包括个人之间和世代之间的对话，以及其它学科和其它行业实践之间的对话。这也反映在他们通过制定积极的专业发展计划、内部培训和指导项目所体现的终身学习承诺之中。

作为建筑设计机构，AAM以严谨完善的技术交付方案，以及对高质量、嵌入式环境性能的追求而闻名。作为城市规划师，他们以制定灵活、务实、富有启发性，并且符合当地气候和特点的规划而闻名。在完成每一个项目的过程中，他们都会寻求采用一种量身定制的独特方法，一种能切实理解客户愿望、在本质上实现可持续发展并根植于商业意识的解决方案。

在其它设计主题中，他们目前正在通过具体项目来探索和塑造Allies And Morrison 的以下发展热点和专长：

打造城市特色

世界各地的大小城市都在经历不同阶段的再发展过程或者城区扩张。在本世纪和上个世纪的最后几十年里，这种情况最为显著，例如在伦敦、曼彻斯特或海湾地区以及亚洲城市出现的新兴天际线建筑群就是对这一点的有力印证。然而，在建的大部分城市建筑看起来都似乎千篇一律。在不断发展前行的城市设计领域里，AAM如何避免这种雷同的建筑风格模式？

保持与多样性和地理环境的沟通对话将能为当代城市的发展带来好处。城市是多层次的不同文化历史、兴趣和民族的融合体。它是人类的栖身之处。良好的城市总体规划可以突出不同地方的独有特点、城市微气候的特殊性、地质地形的性质，以及当地的人文历史发展进程。

多哈是海湾地区发展最为迅速的热点城市之一，该城市就为他们提供了很好的指南示例。其中的“多哈Msheireb市中心规划与建筑设计”是这座城市的中心重建项目，它包括在市区中心建造一处由100多座建筑组成的居民小区。AAM的角色是在总体规划团队中担当现场建筑方案代言人，旨在创造出一种新的“卡塔尔”语言的建筑物，以便将传统与现代进行关联；此外他们还担任了多个独立建筑的设计方。尽管在功能和形式上有很大的不同，Msheireb项目的建筑和空间在整体上体现了对传统特色的现代化诠释，例如内部道路和庭院设计、装饰性遮光棚以及简单渲染和当地石材的运用。在整个场地范围内，紧密的城市建筑布局形式与炎热的沙漠气候相适应，通过设立柱廊和悬挑的屋檐为行人提供阴凉和庇护。

阿曼首都马斯喀特位于多哈以南，其城市扩展的总体规划方案源于其经过深思熟虑的有关可持续发展和传承文化遗产的基本国策。设计规范中提供的核心说明确保了新的建筑物和城市空间需要从当地文化风俗中获取灵感，体现出对阿曼文化的表达，并为民众灌输一种牢固、永久、独特的城市意识。城市形态能令人想起古代阿拉伯城市紧凑的城市肌理，这是一种适应本地气候特征的响应措施，城市中遍布的荫蔽公共街道鼓励人们徒步出行。阿曼首都扩展方案的中心项目是Wadi公园，它保留了阿拉伯半岛独有的生态系统——阿拉伯谷地。

大学是城市发展的催化剂

具有全球意识的大学能够塑造所在地社区的社会和物质结构，成为当地发展的参与者和执行者。它们可以推动并激发重要的复兴过程，起到开发者、赞助者和城市居民的角色。一处有弹性的城市社区反过来可以为当地的高等教育机构提供重要的城市“浓汤”，继而滋养自己的人民以及自身的发展计划。那么如何利用设计来培育高校与城市之间这种宝贵的互惠互利关系呢？首先我们需要认识到每一个高等教育机构的与众不同之处。必须要很好地理解高等教育机构的风气和起源、政治复杂性、组织架构，以及导致所有这些的根本原因，才能制定出合格的总体规划或建筑设计方案。例如艺术学校与科学院校相比，在公众互动方面就有非常大的差别；或者，一个有着雄心勃勃的发展目标的大型院校，与一个刻意缩小规模的教育机构相比，势必会有不同的优先选择事项。建筑师此时要针对院校机构的发展理念和地位身份给出相符合的设计形式，因此必须要理解每一个教育机构的细微差别，以及所涉及的特点，复杂性和支持方面，以便确保设计方案的有效性。从整个校园的总体规划到单体建筑设计，AAM在英国一些全球名校的众多设计项目中对这些主题展开了探索，包括历史以及现有的大学建设项目，例如剑桥大学、牛津大学、伦敦帝国理工学院和伦敦艺术大学（UAL）。

大学的总体规划与多种利益有关。对于伦敦帝国理工学院的西伦敦新校区，AAM的任务是开发一个新校区，而且他们在做出简短回应之前就广泛征求了包括从高级领导层到学生会在内的帝国理工学院不同群体和相关企业的意见和建议。通过这种做法能够揭示出一种360度的全景观点，让他们能更好地了解到大学通过校园设计真正想要以及需要达到的目的。这一过程还帮助他们确定了几乎所有大学的共同目标点，那就是科学、技术和医学研究的未来趋势必将是多学科交叉融合，这也因此诞生了旨在促进这种跨学科交融的校园空间总体规划纲要。

伦敦时装学院（LCF）是伦敦艺术大学的组成院系，几十年来该学院的不同部门和机构一直分散在伦敦的多个地方，一般认为这是由于其在成立之初作为商贸院校的特性所致。AAM当前的任务是将它们第一次整合到一座专门建造的建筑中。在项目简报阶段的最开始，他们与学院领导和各部门进行了长时间的交流谈话，来探讨项目方案对他们产生的影响和意义。这一过程揭示了LCF身份中的许多矛盾之处。一方面，时装设计的学习创作过程与世隔绝且十分脆弱，但另一方面，学生还必须向公众领域展示自己的作品。一座建筑要如何做到这两点呢？如何将不同位置的丰富感转化为一个统一的全新独栋建筑？要解决好这些悖论，我们需要掌握LCF新校区所秉承的DNA特征，而这就蕴含在现场之中。

让城市遗产发挥作用

新与旧的相遇能够碰撞出有趣的设计机会。历史建筑和当代建筑都应该闪耀着各自的光芒，同时无论是在古老的街道上还是在旧建筑的旁边建造新建筑，亦或是启用历史建筑以供当代人使用，新旧建筑之间应当始终保持“对话”。不管是何种规模，他们将新旧建筑的特点结合在一起就能毫不费力地寻找到简单、实用、优美的建筑空间方案——这会让历史建筑场所变得更加平易近人、舒适惬意、同时也展现出令人震惊的效果。

有时历史建筑需要创造性的改造，例如对切尔西艺术学院来说，从多个分散地点搬迁整合到同一个地点是其历史上的一个重要时刻。这所新建学院毗邻泰特不列颠美术馆，其前身是二级皇家陆军医学院，如今的新校区将这里改造成了一处艺术文化氛围浓厚的校园。前陆军医学院的阅兵场采用爱德华时代经典外观，现在则成为了一个崭新的公共空间。他们舍弃了一些原有军队建筑内的特殊物品设施，打造成创造力旺盛的、适应性强的艺术创意工作室。设计方案在旧兵营建筑之外创造了新的空间，暴露在阳光下的工作坊依靠在巨大的军营墙壁之上，构成了一处不易被发现的独有庭院。在兵营建筑的后侧，以前是逃生楼梯和厕所窗户，经过重组和扩展，翻新建筑呈现出符合邻近街道和建筑风格的全新外观。

切尔西艺术学院 Chelsea College of Arts_Dennis Gilbert

建筑物的实际寿命往往会超过它们的预期使用年限，尽管如此我们还是要能够并且仍然应该尽力保持老旧建筑的功能性。如今的环境伦理同样也需要我们这样做。阿森纳的海布里球馆已经不再是专业足球场地，如果不是位列二级保护名录，等待它的只有被拆除的命运。对于为特殊用途而建造的建筑物进行改造是极为困难和昂贵的，而且可能不具备经济上的可持续性。通过充分利用场所的规模和其构造特点，AAM提出的设计理念克服了这些难点。

将一座建筑保存下来并不能维持住其一直以来的宝贵无形资产——球迷的欢呼声和跌宕起伏的比赛氛围。但是AAM发现了一个新的意义，来将这座建筑与其附近的伦敦住宅区域广场空间有机结合起来。经过重新设计，体育场的框架结构被保留下来，能够提供725个新的居住空间，而原先的中心足球场地则被重新定义为这些新居住空间的广场区域。

阿尔德门 Aldgate_Stale Eriksen

高楼大厦

每幢高层建筑的条件会因其建筑形式、高度或可承受性而互不相同；其中最基本的一个条件要素是高层建筑建成后其底部空间会发生何种变化，建筑物如何着地，以及如何影响周围街区的生活。因此高层建筑设计往往表现出一种超然和冷峻意味，但同时它们对周围的城市氛围也十分敏感。

在伦敦，AAM致力于设计高楼大厦，将古老的和新的元素融为一体。其中的主教门大街以伦敦墙最初的八大门之一命名，两千年来一直分布坐落在Roman Ermine大街两侧，而如今Roman Ermine大街仍然是贯穿伦敦城区的一条重要南北向道路。现在沿着这条路线，我们可以看到一座40层的塔楼——主教门大街100号大楼（100 Bishopsgate）——已经建成。主教门大街100号大楼拥有全伦敦面积最大的无障碍楼板，但是它占用的底部空间却很少。该项目的设计方案创造出了半英亩的新公共空间，开辟了新的步行路线以保持原有老城区的风貌。主教门大街100号大楼项目还包含一个整合到圣海伦广场格鲁吉亚风格结构中的石面附属建筑体。在场地的南部边界则是建于十四世纪的圣伊瑟堡教堂。

另外一处建筑伦敦象堡251公寓（Two Fifty One）的平面布局呈平行四边形，这是一座41层的住宅大楼，包括依循场地内结构走势建造的三角形配套办公楼。这些建筑的底层设计能使其与毗邻街道相连，同时在南侧形成了一个全新的公共空间，成为五条不同城市路线的交汇枢纽。此外，它还为附近的伦敦南岸大学营造了一个新的入口。

象堡251 公寓 TwoFiftyOne_Nick Guttridge

通常，高层建筑有助于营造或焕活都市形态。阿尔德盖特和怀特查佩尔自中世纪起就是伦敦城东侧的入口，数百年来一直是伦敦新客的落脚之地。这里在二战期间受到炸弹轰炸，并成为了城中一片特殊的空白区域。如今，这里的伦敦树项目包含三座风筝型的高层住宅，以及三座较低建筑，构筑了新的对角线，并且令周边街区的建筑线重新得以延续。

这里最终变成了一个高楼林立的城市。在多伦多等城市的天际线中，高耸的摩天大楼飞速拔地而起。AAM在汉波湾海岸的项目将建造71层高的楼群，但按照构想，这些建筑将作为一个系列相互协调而非孤立存在。三个特征鲜明的建筑群相互毗邻，每个建筑群在其材质、色彩、形式和位置上都有独到之处。但同时，这些建筑群也有共同之处——比如采用模块化结构，和反光楼顶。

这些高层建筑不仅将成为多伦多天际线的一个重要的城市新中心，还有着不落窠臼的外形——其一层处的空间设置更有意趣，且进而拓展了公共广场的数量——空间为先，建筑次之。

Practice

We are architects,urbanists and planners based in London.We strive to design beautiful buildings that have long life and can adapt over the generations.We also shape enduring places whether new pieces of city or settlements at any scale.All our projects are concerned with the crafting of every detail and an appreciation for the uniqueness of each context.

We work across all scales,from furniture design to interior design,from the design of buildings to the design of landscape.As experts in the built environment,we carry out research and undertake consultation,while our team also includes specialists in building conservation,interior design and visualisation.

We work throughout the UK but also around the world,with projects in North America,India,the Middle East and mainland Europe.In addition to our London studio,we also have offices in Cambridge,Manchester,Liverpool and Dublin.

Approach

Our responsibility may begin with the building,but it also embraces the well-being of people,the character of the city and the health of our planet.

Our approach is guided by an eye on the long term,a respect for our planet's diversity,and an understanding that we have responsibilities as designers.We design buildings that have a long life,which age well and are enjoyable for their users;and in the realm of urban design and planning,we aim to shape plans that are unique to their locality and resilient in the face of future economic,ecological and social change.

We enjoy simplicity,believing that coherent and unpretentious buildings,informed by an integrated approach to sustainability and longevity,are more likely to stand the test of time.And our interest in craft and in quality underpins the technical rigour of our approach,from the micro through to the macro scales.

Life

Our vibrant studio is the essence of all we do.We thrive on a friendly,supportive,collaborative and creative atmosphere.

We value different perspectives.Grounded in the global diversity of London,we hail from around the world,and we are proud of this.Nearly half of our qualified architects are women,the highest percentage of the UK’s large practices.This diversity enriches our studio life and the very work we deliver.Since our founding in 1984 by Bob Allies and Graham Morrison,dialogue has always been a hallmark of our practice–dialogue between individuals and across generations,with other disciplines and other practices.This is reflected in our commitment to lifelong learning through an active programme of professional development,in-house training and mentoring.

码头区域开发 Wharf site_AAM

斯特拉特福德滨水区 Stratford Waterfront_AAM

斯特拉特福德滨水区 Stratford Waterfront_AAM

As architects,we are known for the rigour of our technical delivery,a commitment to quality,to embedded environmental performance.As urbanists,we are known for developing plans that are flexible and pragmatic,inspirational in vision,responsive to the local climate and character.In every project we seek a tailored approach,one that understands the aspirations of our clients,is intrinsically sustainable and is grounded in a commercial awareness.

Among other topics,we are currently exploring and shaping the following interests through our projects:

Crafting urban identities

Cities around the world,both large and small,are undergoing various stages of re-development or expansion of their urban footprint.In this century and the final decades of the last,this has been often occurring at a dramatic scale,as the burgeoning skylines of London or Manchester or the cities of the Gulf and Asia can attest.Yet much of what is being built looks the same.How can we avoid this sort of generic development in the design of growing cities?

Contemporary urban development benefits when it is in dialogue with diversity and geography.The city is an amalgamation of layers,of histories,of interests,of peoples.It is habitat.Masterplanning can recognise the uniqueness of every site’s context,the particularities of a city’s microclimate,the nature of the topography underneath and the story of the place or places that preceded it.

Doha,the rapidly growing city in the Gulf region offers instruction.Msheireb Downtown Doha is a city centre regeneration project that involves the creation of an urban quarter of more than 100 buildings in the heart of the city.Our role has been to be the sitewide architectural voice within the masterplan team,crafting a new ‘Qatari’ language which bridges tradition with modernity,as well as serving as design architect for a number of individual buildings.Although very different in function and form,buildings and spaces across Msheireb include contemporary interpretations of traditional features such as internal streets and courtyards,decorative shading screens and the use of simple render and locally sourced stone.Sitewide,the tightknit urban form is appropriate for the hot desert climate,allowing opportunities for shaded walkability through colonnades and overhangs.

South of Doha lies Muscat,the capital of Oman.The masterplan for the urban extension for the Omani capital has emerged from the country’s considered policy of sustainable development and promotion of its heritage.Design codes offer a core set of instructions that ensure new buildings and spaces will draw inspiration from the local vernacular,providing expression to Omani culture,instilling a strong sense of a city that will be grounded,permanent,unique.The urban form recalls the tight urban grain of ancient Arab cities,a climate-appropriate response that allows for shaded streets,co-locates uses and encourages walkability.A Wadi Park at the heart of the scheme preserves the found riverine valley that is a distinctive ecological system native to the Arab peninsula.

Universitiesas urban catalysts

Able to shape the social and physical fabric of the communities they call home,globally minded universities are local actors too.They can power and unlock significant regeneration,taking on the roles of developer,patron and urban citizen.A resilient neighbourhood can also provide an institution with the vital urban soup that can nourish its own people and programme.So how can we use design to nurture this valuable reciprocity between institution and city?

First,is to recognise that no two institutions are the same.An institution’s ethos and origins,the complexity of its politics,how it is structured and why it is the way it is–all these must be well understood before diving into the design of a masterplan or a building.An arts schoolwill have a very different way of interacting with the public than a more science-led one;or a large institution with ambitious growth targets will have distinct priorities from a purposefully smaller one.The architect is there to give form to institutional ideas and identity,so she must understand the nuance of an institution,the characters involved,its complexities and constituencies,in order to be effective.Working from the scale of an entire campus masterplan to an individual building,we have explored these themes on a number of projects,both past and present,at Britain’s leading global universities:the University of Cambridge,University of Oxford,Imperial College London and the University of the Arts London (UAL).

Multiple interests have a stake in a university masterplan.For the new west London campus for Imperial College London,we were tasked with developing one,and before even having a brief to respond to,consulted extensively across the Imperial community and associated ventures,from senior leadership to the student union.This uncovered a 360-degree view of what the Institution really needed and wanted from the campus.The process also helped to identify a point of common endeavour shared by just about everyone–that the future of scientific,technological and medical research will be multi-disciplinary–thus giving birth to the masterplan brief for a campus of spaces that foster crosspollination.

The London College of Fashion (LCF),a constituent college of UAL,is an institution which for decades has been located in multiple sites across London,often dating back to their origins as trade schools.Our task currently is to bring them together for the first time into one purpose-built building.At the start of this briefing process,we undertook long conversations with College leaders and across departments about what this would mean for them.The process revealed many contradictions in LCF’s identity.On the one hand the creative process of learning fashion is very insular,fragile,but on the other,students have to put their work out there to shine,into the public sphere.How can one building do both? And how can the sense of richness from different locations be transubstantiated into a single new building? The navigation of these paradoxes needs to inform the DNA of the LCF’s new home,which is currently on site.

伊尔凡新城开发 Madinat al Irfan_AAM

伊尔凡新城开发 Madinat al Irfan_AAM

Making heritage work

The meeting of new and old offers intriguing design opportunities.Both the historic and the contemporary should shine yet there should always be a dialogue between the two,whether building in ancient streets,making new buildings next to old or adopting historic structures for contemporary use.In combining them,we can strive for simple,practical,beautiful spaces that,at whatever their scale,seem somehow effortless–making historic places work easily,comfortably,surprisingly.

Sometimes it is creative reinvention which is needed.Moving from multiple sites into one was an important moment in the history of Chelsea College of Arts,another UAL college.The College transformed the former Grade II listed Royal Army Medical College,neighbouring Tate Britain,into a thriving place for the arts.The parade ground with its formal Edwardian facades has become a new public space.Spaces within the old army buildings were cleared of ad hoc additions to make robust,adaptable creative studios.New spaces were created beyond the old barracks building,with daylit workshops against the massive penitentiary wall transforming a neglected courtyard.The backs of the barracks building,previously a collection of escape staircases and lavatory windows,were reorganised and extended to present new frontages to neighbouring streets and buildings.

Buildings often outlive their purpose,but we can and should do our best to keep them.Environmental ethics certainly now demand it.No longer needed as a football stadium,Arsenal’s Highbury stand would surely have been demolished without the protection of its Grade II listing.Converting buildings which have been built for a very specific use is difficult,expensive and potentially uneconomic.Our idea overcame these difficulties by using the scale of the place and its fabric as its character.

The preservation of the building cannot maintain the intangible assets it used to support -the roar of the crowd,the emotion of the match. But a new significance was found which links the listed building and the great space it commands that of a London residential square.The stadium’s fabric was conserved as it was reinvented to provide 725 new homes with the football pitch reimagined as its new square.

Tallish buildings

The conditions for each tall building will be different with issues of form,height or affordability to consider;and a fundamental one is what happens at their feet,how they hit the ground and impact the life of the streets around them.So often designed to be aloof,there is a place for tall buildings that are sensitive to the urbanity around them.

In London,we are designing tall buildings which negotiate both the ancient and the new.Named after one of the original eight gates in the London Wall,Bishopsgate closely follows the alignment of the Roman Ermine Street–two thousand years later,still an important north-south route through the City.Now a 40-storey tower,100 Bishopsgate,has been built along this route.While having some of the Square Mile’s largest unobstructed floorplates,it is light on its feet.Half an acre of new public spaces is created,opening new pedestrian routes in keeping with the grain of the ancient City.The project has also included a stone-faced annex embedded into the Georgian fabric of St Helen’s Place.At the southern boundary of the site lies the fourteenth century church of St Ethelburga.

The parallelogram plan of Two Fifty One,a 41-storey residential tower,and the triangular shape of its accompanying office building derive from their site.Their placement on ground level,addresses the adjacent streets and,to the south,forms a new public space that collects five separate routes.It also frames a new entrance to the neighbouring campus of London South Bank University.

Often,tall buildings can help to establish,or revive,the urban pattern.With medieval origins as an eastern gateway into the City of London,Aldgate and Whitechapel have for centuries been a place of settlement for new arrivals in London.Suffering bomb damage in the Second World War,it remained a singular gap in the city.Today as Aldgate Place,it consists of three kite-shaped residential towers,together with three lower buildings,which define a new diagonal route and re-establish the continuity of the building lines on the surrounding street pattern.

It is,ultimately,the city in which towers are participants.Cities such as Toronto are experiencing rapid development in their skylines with super-tall towers on the horizon.Our project there in Humber Bay Shores will create tall buildings as high as 71 storeys,but they have been conceived to foster a sense of identity as a family and not in isolation.Three clusters of recognisable characters sit alongside one another,each distinguishable by a different approach to materiality,colour,form and location.Yet at the same time,they will all share features such as their modular structure and their reflective tops.

The towers not only mark the presence of a significant new urban centre in the Toronto skyline,but their informal configuration shape a more interesting configuration of spaces at ground floor,resulting in an enriched sequence of public squares–spaces first,then buildings.

伊尔凡新城开发 Madinat al Irfan_AAM