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血清CA125和铁蛋白联合检测对上皮性卵巢癌的诊断价值

2021-03-22刘琛姝

中国医学创新 2021年30期
关键词:铁蛋白

刘琛姝

【摘要】 目的:探讨血清CA125和铁蛋白联合检测对上皮性卵巢癌的诊断价值。方法:选取2015年1月-2019年8月来本院就诊的30例上皮性卵巢癌患者为A组,30例卵巢良性病变患者为B组,30例同期健康体检者为对照组。检测三组血清CA125和铁蛋白水平。分析血清CA125和铁蛋白的关系。分析血清CA125和铁蛋白联合检测对上皮性卵巢癌的诊断价值。结果:A、B组CA125水平均高于对照组,且A组高于B组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组血清铁蛋白水平高于对照组和B组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。B组血清铁蛋白虽高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。三组CA125及血清铁蛋白比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。CA125和血清欠揍蛋白呈正相关(r=0.889,P<0.05)。血清CA125单因素检测最佳阈值为107.21 U/mL,AUC为0.828[P=0.002,95%CI(0.734,0.922)],敏感度100%,特异度64.35%;血清铁蛋白单因素检测最佳阈值为199.21 ng/mL,AUC为0.830[P=0.013,95%CI(0.737,0.924)],敏感度77.27%,特异度78.38%。联合检测中,其AUC为0.953[P=0.011,95%CI(0.909,0.998)],敏感度91.35%,特异度93.27%。结论:上皮性卵巢癌患者血清CA125与铁蛋白均升高,血清CA125和铁蛋白联合检测較单因素检测诊断价值更佳,值得临床推广。

【关键词】 血清CA125 铁蛋白 上皮性卵巢癌

Diagnostic Value of Combined Detection of Serum CA125 and Ferritin in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer/LIU Chenshu. //Medical Innovation of China, 2021, 18(30): -174

[Abstract] Objective: To investigate the diagnostic value of combined detection of serum CA125 and ferritin in epithelial ovarian cancer. Method: 30 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer who came to our hospital from January 2015 to August 2019 were selected as group A, 30 patients with benign ovarian disease as group B, and 30 healthy subjects during the same period were selected as control group. Serum CA125 and ferritin levels in three groups were detected. The relationship between serum CA125 and ferritin was analyzed. The diagnostic value of combined detection of serum CA125 and ferritin in epithelial ovarian cancer was analyzed. Result: CA125 levels of the group A and group B were higher than that of the control group, and that of the group A was higher than that of the group B, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The serum ferrictin level of the group A was higher than that of the control group and group B, the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). Serum ferritin of the group B was higher than that of the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). There were statistically significant differences in CA125 and serum ferric protein among three groups (P<0.05). CA125 was positively correlated with serum ferric protein (r=0.889, P<0.05). The optimal threshold of serum CA125 was 107.21 U/mL, AUC was 0.828 [P=0.002, 95%CI (0.734, 0.922)], sensitivity was 100%, specificity was 64.35%. The optimal threshold of serum ferritin single factor detection was 199.21 ng/mL, AUC was 0.830 [P=0.013, 95%CI (0.737, 0.924)], sensitivity was 77.27%, specificity was 78.38%. The optimal threshold of combined detection, AUC was 0.953 [P=0.011, 95%CI (0.909, 0.998)], sensitivity was 91.35%, specificity was 93.27%. Conclusion: Serum CA125 and ferritin in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer were increased, the combined detection of serum CA125 and ferritin have better diagnostic value than single factor detection, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

[Key words] Serum CA125 Ferritin Epithelial ovarian cancer

First-author’s address: Xiaolan Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Zhongshan 528415, China

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2021.30.041

上皮性卵巢癌在卵巢恶性肿瘤中占比高达70%,这种类型的恶性肿瘤早期大多无典型的临床表现,等到患者发病时,病情基本已进展到了疾病晚期。具体病理表现如:腹腔内种植、肝实质或胸腔、颅内转移等,这也是造成此类卵巢癌患者死亡率高的主要原因[1-2]。如今临床上认可度较高的诊断早期恶性肿瘤的重要指标是肿瘤标志物,其中以糖类抗原125(carbohydrate anrigen 125,CA125)在临床上应用较为广泛。经研究发现,CA125对卵巢癌的敏感性极高,但其特异性却差强人意[3-4]。铁蛋白的分子量较大,高达45 000~70 000 Mr,其含铁量达17%~20%,铁蛋白是铁在人体中的主要储存形式,研究显示上皮性卵巢癌患者的血清铁蛋白水平在病情初发阶段就会出现明显升高的趋势,可作为早期预测恶性肿瘤的参考指标[5]。目前已有大量研究报道,CA125或铁蛋白单因素检测为临床诊断上皮性卵巢癌提供了一定的科学依据,但联合两种因素进行共同检测对于上皮性卵巢癌的临床价值却鲜少听闻[6-7]。因此本研究就血清CA125和铁蛋白双因素联合检测对于诊断上皮性卵巢癌的临床价值展开分析,现报道如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料 选取2015年1月-2019年8月来本院就诊的30例上皮性卵巢癌患者为A组,30例卵巢良性病变患者为B组,同时期的30例健康体检志愿者为对照组。纳入标准:(1)A组符合《2012NCCN卵巢癌包括输卵管和原发性腹膜癌临床实践指南(第二版)》中关于上皮性卵巢癌的诊断标准,B组确诊为卵巢良性病变[8];(2)意识清醒且沟通无障碍。排除标准:(1)合并急性炎症;(2)合并其他脏器疾病;(3)合并其他恶性肿瘤。本研究经医院伦理委员会批准,入组人员均知情同意。

1.2 方法 采集所有入组人员的晨间静脉血5 mL(空腹状态),25 ℃室温环境下3 000 r/min,离心15 min,选用全自动免疫分析仪(生产厂家:丹麦雷度公司,型号:AQT90 FLEX型)检测患者的CA125和血清铁蛋白两项指标水平,试剂盒选用瑞士罗氏公司产品,遵循试剂盒操作步骤说明,进行规范操作。阳性界定标准分别为:血清CA125>35 U/mL、血清铁蛋白>132 ng/mL,联合检测中,其中一项指标阳性即为阳性。

1.3 统计学处理 采用SPSS 22.0统计学软件进行数据分析,计量资料采用(x±s)表示,多组数据比较采用方差分析,组间两两对比采用LSD-t检验;相关分析采用Pearson相关分析,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析曲线下面积及95%置信区间、最佳阈值、灵敏度、特异度。以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 三组一般资料比较 A组年龄22~70岁,平均(46.17±7.29)岁;平均BMI(22.53±2.12)kg/m2;国际妇产科联盟(FIG分期):Ⅰ期12例、Ⅱ期8例、Ⅲ期7例、Ⅳ期3例;浆液性癌16例,黏液性癌14例。B组年龄20~71岁,平均(46.08±5.22)岁;平均BMI(22.42±2.32)kg/m2;其中卵巢囊肿21例,畸胎瘤4例,炎性增生5例。对照组年龄23~71岁,平均(46.28±5.17)岁;平均BMI(22.27±2.37)kg/m2。三组一般资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。

2.2 三组患者血清中CA125及血清铁蛋白水平比较 A、B组CA125水平均高于对照组,且A组高于B组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组血清铁蛋白水平高于对照组和B组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。B组血清铁蛋白虽高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。三组CA125及血清铁蛋白比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表1。

2.3 CA125和血清铁蛋白关系分析 CA125和血清铁蛋白呈正相关(r=0.889,P<0.05)。见图1。

2.4 两指标单独检测与同步检测的临床价值 血清CA125单因素检测最佳阈值为107.21 U/mL,AUC为0.828[P=0.002,95%CI(0.734,0.922)],敏感度100%,特异度64.35%;血清铁蛋白单因素检测最佳阈值为199.21 ng/mL,AUC为0.830[P=0.013,95%CI(0.737,0.924)],敏感度77.27%,特异度78.38%;联合检测中,其AUC为0.953[P=0.011,95%CI(0.909,0.998)],敏感度91.35%,特异度93.27%。见图2。

3 讨论

卵巢癌的病死率位居妇科肿瘤之首,因卵巢在盆腔深部,再加上卵巢癌早期并无特征性临床表现,查体也不易触及肿块,因此对于卵巢癌的早期诊断率一直较低[9-11]。上皮卵巢癌为卵巢癌中最主要的组织学类型,调查结果显示近70%的上皮卵巢癌患者在疾病晚期才被确诊,仅35%的患者生存期超过5年[12]。大量数据显示,上皮性卵巢癌的临床分期与其生存率密不可分,该病的高病死率主要与诊断时间过晚而延误了最佳治疗时期有关,因此对于上皮性卵巢癌的早期诊断具有重要意义[13]。

本研究结果显示:A、B组CA125水平均高于对照组,且A组高于B组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。血清CA125单因素检测的敏感度为100%,特异度为64.35%。提示上皮性卵巢癌患者的CA125表达水平较高,具有一定的诊断价值,与相关研究结果相一致[14]。CA125是在1981年由美国学者Bast首先在浆液性乳头状腺癌的患者中所获得,属于一种高分子跨膜糖蛋白,主要由半乳糖、N-乙酰氨基半乳糖、丝氨酸、N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖、苏氨酸及脯氨酸组成,目前作为卵巢癌患者中使用最广泛的血清肿瘤标志物,可用于监测肿瘤的复发,同时还具有一定的预后预测价值,但其特异性不高[15]。分析原因可能与CA125在心肺疾病、肝硬化、慢性活动性肝炎、良性腹水、胸膜、腹膜、心包膜等感染时均有明显的升高,甚至在女性正常生理条件下如月经、妊娠等均可显著升高,可见CA125升高特异性不强,仅根据其升高不足以对早期上皮性卵巢癌进行诊断[16-17]。血清铁蛋白水平方面:A组血清鐵蛋白水平高于对照组和B组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。B组血清铁蛋白虽高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。提示此类患者中血清铁蛋白表达水平升高。分析原因可能与快速增生的卵巢癌细胞可合呈并分泌铁蛋白或异铁蛋白有关,同时与肿瘤坏死程度也有一定关系[18]。临床上多将血清铁蛋白作为缺铁性贫血的诊断依据,近年的研究发现除铁负荷过多可引起患者体内血清铁蛋白升高外恶性肿瘤组织及患者血清中血清性铁蛋白表达均明显升高,但对于其机制尚未完全被阐释[14]。血清铁蛋白敏感度为77.27%,特异度为78.38%,表明血清蛋白单因素检测虽对上皮性卵巢癌诊断有一定的参考价值,但其敏感度及特异度均不高。分析原因可能与血清铁蛋白除在卵巢癌等恶性肿瘤患者有高表达外,在糖尿病视网膜病变、白化病、骨髓增生等多种疾病中均有明显的异常高表达[19-21]。双因素联合检测,其敏感度为91.35%,特异度为93.27%,结果表明联合血清CA125与血清铁蛋白进行双因素共同检测可明显提高其对早期上皮性卵巢癌诊断的有效率。

綜上所述,上皮性卵巢癌患者血清CA125与铁蛋白均升高,血清CA125和铁蛋白联合检测较单因素检测诊断价值更佳,值得临床推广。

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(收稿日期:2020-12-09) (本文編辑:张明澜)

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