巧用非谓语，升级简单句
2020-12-09陈雪芬
陈雪芬
一、英语的五个简单句
1. 主谓
She smiled.
2. 主谓宾
I have finished my homework.
3. 主系表
His job is to train swimmers.
4. 主谓 +间宾+直宾
My mother told us a story.
5. 主谓+宾+宾补
He noticed a man enter the room.
He told me not to eat too much.
五个简单句是英语作文的写作之基，但是一篇作文如果都是简单句就会在句式的高级和丰富性方面没有达到五档作文的要求，而如果一篇作文都是复杂句，又会给读者一个“为赋新词强说愁”的造作感。本文通過高考范文中的句子思考扩句的方法。借助高考作文题，尝试用非谓语升级句子，并总结解题方法。
二、使用非谓语升级简单句
常用的英语句子并不都像基本句型这样简短， 除了基本句型的成分不变外， 通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语，即增加定语或状语。这些修饰语可以是单词、短语 （主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）或从句。下面我们仅谈使用非谓语来升级简单句。
[例1]（2012全国Ⅰ卷，申请信：参加夏令营）
原文：The other day I happened to read your advertisement on the Internet. It says that you are holding a summer camp for students from around the world， and Im interested to participate in it.
改写：The other day I happened to read your advertisement on the Internet， saying that you are holding a summer camp for students from around the world， and Im interested to participate in it.
方法分析：使用动词的现在分词短语saying that...补充说明前句中your advertisement的内容，句子也因此变得更加生动。
[例 2]（2015全国Ⅰ卷，约稿函：校报约稿）
原文：It carries articles. The articles are written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries.
改写：It carries articles written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries.
方法分析：使用动词的过去分词短语written by foreign friends充当articles的定语，既能避免使用复合句的厚重，又能使原句“不简单”。
[例 3]（2010新课标卷，邀请信：邀请外教做比赛评委）
原文：Im writing to you. I want to invite you to be a judge at our English speech contest. The contest is to be held in our school on June 1st.
改写：Im writing to invite you to be a judge at our English speech contest to be held in our school on June 1st.
方法分析：使用动词不定式短语to invite you to be a judge充当Im writing的目的状语，用不定式短语to be held in our school on June 1st做English speech contest 的后置定语，使句式变得更简洁，也更高级。
三、高考真题训练
1. 句子改写 请用非谓语改写划线句子，注意标点符号。
（1）（2015年重庆，申请信：参加图书分享）
原文：I know that you are organizing this activity to share books worldwide. I am writing to apply for it for the simple reason that I love reading and I own a large number of books.
改写：___________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
（2）Im Li Hua， a Chinese student. I am taking summer courses in your university.
改写：___________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
（3）（2011年山东，求助信：演讲比赛写稿）
原文：I am confused by spoken and written English. I am often laughed at in public.
改写：___________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
（4）（2010年重庆，求助信：寻物启事）
原文：Its mid-sized and black. And my name Li Hua is written on the top of it.
改写：___________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
（5）（2014年四川，书信：高考介绍）
原文：I want to have an excellent performance. I am making full preparations for it.
改写：___________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
（6）（2013年江西，报道：登山活动）
原文：Our school organized a mountain-climbing on April 10th. The activity would encourage the students to take outdoor exercise.
改写：___________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
2. 句子翻译 请用非谓语翻译下列高考作文截取的写作内容。
（1）我写信给你邀请你和我一起去参加音乐节。（2019年全国Ⅲ卷，邀请信：参加音乐节）
（2）我写信给你是让你知道我们会有一场排球赛。这场球赛即将在7月8日早上在我校体育馆举行。（2019年全国Ⅱ卷，告知信：参加排球赛）
（3）我是李华，一个外向的男孩。我现在伦敦学习。听说有个中国画展览即将在伦敦举行，我写信来申请成为你们的队伍的志愿者。（2019年全国Ⅰ卷，申请信：做志愿者）
参考答案
1. 句子改写
（1）Knowing that you are organizing this activity to share books worldwide， I am writing to apply for it for the simple reason that I love reading and I own a large number of books.
（2）Im Li Hua， a Chinese student taking summer courses in your university.
（3）Confused by spoken and written English， I am often laughed at in public.
（4）Its mid-sized and black with my name Li Hua written on the top of it.
（5）To have an excellent performance， I am making full preparations for it.
（6）In order to encourage the students to take outdoor exercise， our school organized a mountain-climbing on April 10th.
2. 句子翻譯
（1）I am writing to you to invite you to participate in the Music Festival with me.
（2）Im writing to you to let you know we will have a volleyball match， to be held in our school gym on the morning of July 8.
（3）Im Li Hua， an outgoing boy， studying in London. Having heard that a Chinese Painting Exhibition will be held in this local city， Im writing to apply to be a volunteer of your team.
责任编辑 蒋小青
