以信息技术为“桥”,构建多元化的英语课堂
2020-11-07李祎薇
摘要:英语教学是一门艺术性很强的实践活动,在教学中恰当运用多媒体,充分调动了学生学习英语的积极性,培养了学生的交际能力和实际运用语言的能力,提高了课堂教学的艺术性,达到提高英语教学效果的目的。
关键词:信息技术;小学英语;任务式学习活动
一、案例缘起与背景
(一)课堂教学改革的要求
传统英语课堂的教与学的方式存在诸多问题,如教师中心、教材中心、讲授接受、生硬模仿、机械记忆、枯燥训练等,学习方式单调,训练模式固化,学生生命自觉和自主活力难以有效激发,课堂学习方式急需优化。新课程倡导自主、合作、探究学习,鼓励学习方式多样性、多元化、立体性、灵活性和针对性,需从学习目标、学习内容、学习资源、课堂结构、师生关系、课堂生态等全方位进行课堂重构,实现课堂的“活、趣、效、美”。
(二)学生特点和学科基础
本课授课对象为小学五年级学生,其学习兴趣、学习方式、个性特质明显分化,独立思考、多元学习能力持续提升,团队交往、合作交流意识显著增強。学生已储备一定英语知识,具备一定的语言能力。在三、四年级的Sports、Days of the week等话题,他们已学会play football/table tennis/chess/games read books …关于活动的词汇,熟悉了What do you do on…?等句型的用法。学生既对活动类课题熟悉和感兴趣,又具备了必要的学习基础。
(三)信息技术融入课堂的实践
笔者曾参与深圳市“数字课堂”改革实验,对信息技术构建多元化英语学习课堂进行了近3年的探索。以信息技术为“桥”,把互联网、大数据、云计算等现代化手段引进课堂,对各种学习方式进行取舍、架构、链接、活化,初步构建了线上线下结合、课内课外结合、教与学结合、多元学习方式结合、面向全体与尊重差异结合的小学英语课堂教学新样态。实践证明,基于信息技术的多元化学习,可以优化课堂生态,丰富学习资源,增强过程体验,促进合作交流,即时评价反馈,增加信息流量,激发学习兴趣,提高学习效率。
二、案例主题与分析
Grandparents是深圳牛津版教材五年级上册Module2 Unit4 的课题,本单元的主要内容是学生询问同学、朋友等与家人经常一起做什么,并学会用always,usually等频度副词描述自己做某事的频率。重点句型是What do you usually do with …?I always/usually/often/sometimes/ never …
本单元拟用三课时完成,本课为第一课时,具体分析如下。
学习主题:Daily life with grandparents.
学习内容:基于主题与情景的对话What do you usually do with your grandparents?I always/usually/often/sometimes/never…with my grandparents.
学习目标:(1)运用移动学习工具和资源,在情景中听懂、会读、会说always,usually,often,sometime,never等5个频度副词;(2)用I always/usually/...with my grandparents来描述自己和(外)祖父母的生活;(3)用形象记忆法记忆生词,线上线下表达、交流、分享观点与即时评价。
教学重点:正确运用I always/usually…with my grandparents描述自己和(外)祖父母的生活。
教学难点:always等5频度副词的正确发音、理解和记忆。
教学组织:依托现代信息技术,在教师组织和引导下,通过情景、活动、任务、故事、对话、交际、游戏等多元化学习形式,掌握always等5个频度副词的读音、意义与用法,熟悉句型What do you usually do with your grandparents?I always...with my grandparents.
三、案例过程与评述
(一)大数据预习诊断,联系新旧知识的“引桥”
Teacher(T):Good morning, boys and girls!
Student(S):Good morning,Miss Li!
T:Before we start our new class, we are going to check your homework yesterday in “好学区”. From the big data, I found you have some problems in Question 2 (76%)and 4 (73%), “sometimes”and“never”. Who wants to be the little teacher to teach us about these two words?
S1:(带读)sometimes,never...
All student(A) :(跟读)sometimes,never...
S2:(带读)sometimes,never...
A :(跟读)sometimes,never...
T:(出示生词卡,教师范读)Read after me:sometimes,never...
A:sometimes...never...
T:OK! Next learning, please pay attention to the pronunciation of these two words.(板书:sometimes,never)
T:Now,let's look at the learning aims of the class.
S:Yes.
评述:本环节为课堂热身。课前,教师布置学生预习课文,完成5道程度副词拼读练习。经“好学区”平台统计,学生对sometimes,never读音有困难的分别占24%和27%,对其余单词读音掌握的占95%以上。通过学生小老师带读、教师范读等方式,解决问题的同时达到了课堂热身效果。技术平台为学生无障碍进入新课搭建了一座很好的“引桥”。
(二)chant游戏,登上课堂新情景的“桥头”
T:(展示学习目标)At the end of the class,you will be able to spell, read and use “always,usually…” these 5 frequency adverbs.And you will also be able to talk about your daily life with grandparents. Are you clear?
S:Yes.
T:Now, Im going to introduce new friends to you. Lets see, who are they?
T:(展示图片)Look, who is she?
A:She is Miss Fish.
T:Can you guess what is her job?
S:I think she is a teacher.
T:How do you know that?
S:Because there is a book in her hand.
T:Well done! You have sharp eyes.
T:Then,who is she?
S:She is Sherry.
T:(带读phonics韵文)Please follow. Who is she?She is Sherry/Yunish/ Josh. She runs to English class/likes English class very much…(带读韵文,先后认识Sherry, Yunish and Josh,并学习本课重点语音/sh/)
A:(齐读韵文): Who is she?She is Sherry. She runs to English class...Yunish...likes English class ... Josh...having English class ... sh-,sh,-sh…
T:sh-,sh,-sh... Class begins now. What are the children talking about?Lets watch.
A:(观看视频)
T:Who can tell me what the children are talking about?
S1:They are talking about “Grandparents”.
S2:“Their daily life with grandparents”.
T:Yes! They are talking about their daily life with grandparents. So today we are going to learn Unit 4 Daily life with grandparents. Follow me.(板书并带读)
A:(齐读)Daily life with grandparents.
评述:本环节为新课导入。教师首先明示本课的学习目标,然后通过图片和师生对话,认识Fish,Sherry,Yunish,Josh四位主人公。接着,运用一组图文并茂带“sh-”的韵文,师生轻松愉快地chant (吟唱),既巧妙地认识了新朋友,又自然地强化了重点语音/sh/的读音,成功地把学生带进新主题、新情景——“Daily life with grandparents”.
(三)任务式学习活动,畅游多元化学习的“立交桥”
Task1:listen, circle and talk.
T:This time,please open “全景课堂”,and finish Task1:listen and circle.
Would you please read the dialogue again,and circle the “keywords”(關键词) in the text.You must finish it by yourselves. Are you ready?…Let's go.
A:Yes! (学生自主阅读、圈注……)
T:(教师巡视指导)OK, times up. Now, lets talk about it.Ill be Miss Fish , who can try to be Sherry?(学生举手)
T:What do you usually do with your grandparents,Sherry?
S1:I always live with my grandparents. I usually go to the park with my grandparents.
T:(板書:Name/Frequency adverb/Activity)
T:What do you usually do with your grandparents, Sherry? All together.
A:I always live with my grandparents. I usually go to the park with my grandparents.
T:(板书:Sherry/ always/ lives/ with grandparents
Sherry/ usually/ goes to the park/ with grandparents)
T:Good job! Pay attention to the “keywords”: always/ live with my grandparents.(带读2次)
(以下类似,师生互动,教师板书、强调和带读)
T:What do you usually do with your grandparents, Yunish?
S2:I often visit my grandparents. I sometimes play chess with my grandparents.
S3:I never have dinner with my grandparents.
……
T:You are great! Sherry, Yunish and Josh do many things with their grandparents. Do you think so?
A:Yes.
Task2:listen , follow and role-play
T:Then , lets complete Task2: listen, follow and role-play. Please download the video from “慧学” and listen, follow and read the story by yourselves. You have 2 minutes. After that,well do role-play.Do you understand?
A:Yes.
T:lets start.
(学生自主跟读,教师巡视辅导)
T:OK. Lets role-play. Lets pick up a group by “好学区”.(平台随机抽签,检测自学效果。)
Group 1:(4名同学角色扮演,同伴评价)
T:(纠正、强调重难点词句)
Group 2:(同上)
T:The students of two groups did very well .Can you role-play well too?
S:Yes.
Task3:Group work: role-play
T:This time,we are going to do group work: role-play. Here are two choices for you:1.role-play or retell the story.You can act and make a video in “全景课堂” and upload with us .You have 4 minutes to finish this task. OK?
S:OK!(学生分组活动:说、听、演、练、传)
T:(巡视并个别指导)
S:(在“全景课堂”分享各组作品,小组评价,推荐优秀作品)
T:Now, lets enjoy some excellent works.
A:(全体欣赏4组优秀视频:2组role-play,2组retell,师生评价)
Task4:Play a game.
T:The children do many things with their grandparents, arent they?
S:Yes,they are.
T:Lets read together.
A:Sherry always lives with her grandparents. Sherry usually goes to the park with her grandparents.
T:If I give the frequency adverb “always” 5 smiles, then, how many smiles for other words? Now, lets play a game in“全景课堂”. Please move the faces to match the frequency adverbs.
S:(在“全景课堂”上完成匹配游戏:给频度副词匹配不同个数的笑脸)
T:Lets check together. How many smiles for usually/often/sometimes/never?
S:4/3/2/0 smiles.
T: Yes! And I think its a good way to remember these 5 frequency adverbs. Can you use your own way to remember them?
S:Yes.
Task5:Lets share.
T:(學法指导:用进度条的长短表示频度副词的频率高低)First,let me show you my way. Now,please use your own way to remember these words and take a photo of your ways in i-pad. Then upload it in “全景课堂”and enjoy other studentsworks.
S:(分组讨论、绘制、上传、分享、评价)
T:(展示4组优秀作品:柱状图、饼形图、树叶图、乌鸦喝水图,随机选择另外2个作品分享、评价) These are very good and interesting ways to remember the new words. And you can continue to enjoy the works after class.
评述:此环节为新课展开,是课堂的主体和核心。以任务式学习展开,学生在教师的组织引导下完成5个任务:(1)借助“全景课堂”平台,学生自主阅读、圈注关键词、初读课文,师生互动,在语句情景中拼读和理解“关键词”(5个程度副词);(2)借助“慧学”平台,学生自主下载、听读、模仿跟读、对话等,教师用“好学区”平台随机抽选学生小组展示对话,解决机械操练语言的过程;(3)小组角色扮演与复述(2选1),学生根据句型说、听、演、练,并在“全景课堂”上传、分享,解决熟练运用语言的问题;(4)小组游戏,创作5个程度副词的形象表达方式,分享、上传、交流、评价,在轻松快乐中加深对“关键词”的理解和记忆;(5)小组分享,学生结合自己的知识积累和生活体验,用自己的语言灵活运用课文句型。本段学习方式多种多样,有自主学习,有合作学习;有看、听、说、读、写(圈),有谈、演、传、评;有严谨对话,有轻松游戏;有集体回答,有自由表达;有师生互动,有生生互动。学生自如运用“好学区”“慧学”“全景课堂”等平台进行多元化学习活动,信息技术起到了“穿针引线”的立交桥作用。
此环节亮点颇多,教师对细节也很用心。如在学法指导环节,教师对always等5个频度副词设计了用进度条长短来直观表示“频度”,学生印象深刻;在小组分享环节,学生可自由选择对话或复述不同任务,体现了教学组织的灵活性,尊重了学生自主学习的差异性、选择性和个性化;在自由对话环节,学生用自己的语言练习句型,教师提示学生先在练习本上写下关键词,再说给同桌听,此法对弱生或胆小的学生特别管用;在个性化记忆环节,学生用柱状、饼形、树叶、乌鸦喝水等形象图形来个性化地表达频度副词,学生思维发散,富有创意,让课堂增色不少。
(四)线上线下分享迁移,水到渠成走向“尾桥”
Activity 1:sing a song
T:OK.Every group did good jobs.Now,let's sing a song and have a relax.(师生合唱改编的《My Grandparents》歌曲)
Activity2:Lets talk.
T: You can use these words very well. Can you use these words to talk about your daily life with your grandparents?
(学生组内分享)
T: Now,who wants to share your ideas with us?
S1:I always take a walk with my grandparents. I usually play chess with them. I sometimes go shopping with them. But I never go swimming with my grandparents.
T:(针对S1谈话内容提问,检测其他同学是否认真听,下同)What does S1 always do with her grandparents?
S2:S1 always...
T:(随机点2-3名学生表达,师生互动)
Activity3:Guess and express
T:All of you do many things with you grandparents. In fact,a special festival is coming soon. Do you know what is it?
S1: Christmas Day?
T:No, its a Chinese traditional festival.
S: The Spring Festival?
T:No,its a festival for old people.Listen,Miss Fish will tell us about it.
S:(听录音,思考)
T:Please tell me what festival is it?
S:The Double Ninth Festival(重阳节).
T:Yes.The Double Ninth Festival (教师带读2遍).The Double Ninth Festival is coming soon.What shall we do on the Double Ninth Festival?
S1,2,3,4: I will make a phone call/go to park/have dinner/buy flowers...with my grandparents.
T:The Double Ninth Festival is coming.What can we do on that day? Herere some tips for you,please read together.(展示图文卡片,拓展敬老爱老的短语表达)
A:We can make a meal/ say I love you/ help doing housework/make a card /...
评述:本环节为课堂小结与迁移拓展,以活动式学习完成。三个小活动顺畅连接:首先,师生合唱即兴编辑的英语小歌曲,既放松心情、调节氛围,又流畅过渡到课堂小结,体现了“张弛有度”的教学组织艺术。其次,学生根据本课所学和自己生活,用关键词和句型自由表达(无须举手),说自己的故事。学生温故知新、举一反三、灵活运用、情绪高涨,提升了语言综合运用能力。有一个值得注意的细节,学生自由发言后,教师“明知故问”,其实是为了检验同学在自由发言时,其他同学是否在认真听和想,在不着痕迹中培养了孩子的倾听和思考习惯,虽是小节,但对孩子的习惯养成非常重要。最后,围绕将到来的“重阳节”这一中华传统节日,通过“猜猜与说说”,引导学生尊老、爱老、敬老、孝老,弘扬中华传统美德,达到了润物无声的“学科育人”效果,为课堂的小结建了一座漂亮的“尾桥”。
(五)课后延伸,迈向更高平台的“新桥”
T:Boys and girls,You all love your grandparents very much. Im so moved and happy. Here is the homework:
1.To ask your friends about their daily life with grandparents.
2.Make a phone call to you grandparents about the plan for the Double Ninth Festival.
T:So much for today,class is over.Goodbye!Boys and girls.
S:Goodbye!Miss Li.
評述:本部分为课堂收尾。教师在表扬学生的学习表现和敬老精神的基础上,布置两道课外作业。作业有两个功能:一是巩固本课所学;二是为下一节“the plan for the Double Ninth Festival”做铺垫,为学生学习新课架好了一座“新桥”,让学生期待下一节快乐英语课的到来。
四、案例小结与反思
本课为市区公开课,笔者认为该课例有4个特点:
(一)单元整体设计,教学目标明晰
Grandparents学习单元的主要内容是与他人交流“我日常与(外)祖父母做什么”的话题,学会运用频度副词描述自己做某事的频率。重点句型是What do you usually do with your grandparents?I always/usually/often /sometimes/ never …英语素养的形成是一个持续的过程,单元是一个整体,拟分三课时完成。三课时之间存在层级递进、联系呼应的关系:第一课Daily life with grandparents,通过故事和活动,让学生熟悉、理解、拼读、初步运用always等频度副词;第二课A plan for the Double Ninth Festival,掌握句型What do you usually do with your grandparents?并用程度副词熟练回答;第三课A special day for grandparents,运用连接词first,next,then,finally等,来描述一个事件或活动的完整过程。
本单元的学习目标按照“单元总目标+课时分目标”设计。单元总目标定位如下:(1)知识目标:正确读、写、理解always等5个频率副词;运用核心句型What do you usually do with your grandparents? I usually/always...自如交流;运用发音规律,正确拼读字母组合/sh/。(2)技能目标:运用句型What do you usually do with...?询问他人经常和家人、朋友一起做什么,用I usually/always/ r...来表述自己做某事的频率;设计“重阳节计划”,并用英语表达;提供模仿、表演等活动,培养口语交际能力。(3)学习策略目标:学会利用phonics记忆新单词;与他人合作探究,增强合作学习能力;在交流中注意倾听,积极思考。(4)情感态度目标:通过歌谣、游戏、演讲、情景表演等,激发学习兴趣,增强学习自信;培养合作、交流、分享的精神和敬老、爱老的品质。(5)文化意识目标:了解中西节日的文化差异。
(二)突破传统课堂,突出学生主体
传统的英语课堂奉行“教师中心”“教材中心”“教中心”等理念,教师讲授、学生听讲,教材学习、机械记忆,重视语言的工具性与文学性、知识记忆与语法结构、基础知识与基本技能、读写与书面考试等。而现代英语学习强调“学生主体”“学中心”“教学生学”“活化教材”等理念,以自主、合作、探究学习为主,重视生活性、交际性与社会性,重视情景、活动、游戏、交流,重视听说读写综合语言训练,培养英语综合能力与核心素养。本课的学习目标确定、内容选择、资源取舍、学习过程、学习方式、学习手段、学习评价等,始终坚持“学生立场”“学生主体”。如课前预习大数据分析补救、认识新朋友的chant、学习过程的game、学习任务的role-play与retell的自由选择、程度副词的个性化标注、activity活动、集体学习与自由发挥、合作学习与个性化表达、全程分享与全员评价等,体现了课前预习的铺垫性、交流话题的生活性、任务学习的适切性、学习方式的趣味性、课堂管理的科学性、学法指导的灵活性、学习评价的参与性、学习活动的有效性,学生主体贯穿了课堂的全过程。
(三)多元学习方式,培养综合素养
小学生活泼好动、喜欢新奇,注意力不持久,小学英语课堂应该是鲜活的、生命的、综合的、快乐的。多样化学习方式的有机组合,是小学英语课堂的理想“樣态”。本课学生学习方式灵活多样、组合巧妙、过渡自然,如学习资源有文本、图片、卡片、视频、音频,学习方式有独学、对学、群学、合学,交流方式有师生、生生、生自、生本互动,学习行为有听、说、读、写(圈)、扮、演、唱,评价方式有教师评、同学评、自己评、师生评等。多元化学习的课堂,让学生的自主和个性充分张扬,学习乐趣和成功体验充分彰显;多元化学习的课堂,让学生的学习兴趣激发、思维激活、身心放松、精神解放;多元化学习的课堂,让学生带着知识、经验、思维、灵感和才智全情参与、主动参与;多元化学习的课堂,让学生都得到肯定、鼓励、赞美和成长,享受自我实现的满足感,分享同伴发展的成就感;多元化学习的课堂,没有框框、定式,师生相处平等、自由、轻松、和谐、快乐。
(四)依托技术手段,提升学习品质
信息技术高度融入课内外,成为促进学习、活化课堂的“立交桥”“润滑油”和“催化剂”。通过大数据预习导“引桥”、chant游戏上“桥头”、任务式学习游“立交”、线上线下分享收“尾桥”、课内外延伸迈“新桥”,信息技术、大数据、互联网等先进教育手段成为科学链接教学各环节、有机串联教与学的纽带。本课使用了三个平台:“慧学”平台(后改为“学习精灵”)主要提供数字教材,推送和分享优质学习资源等;“好学区”平台具有较强的大数据诊断、分析功能;“全景课堂”平台适合用于师生、生生互动、发布分享等。课堂学习过程中,无论预习大数据分析与矫正、下载学习资源、上传学习场景、交互式学习、个性化学习、在线评价等,师生运用熟练,切换自如。信息技术这座“桥”,使课堂成为充满活力与创意的场所,学生成为主动学习者;信息技术这座“桥”,学生迅速、有效处理信息成为习惯,信息化学习能力的提升显而易见;信息技术这座“桥”,使学习环境引人入胜,“以学定教”、个性化、“无纸化”学习成为常态,学习活动生动活泼,学习兴趣持续保持;信息技术这座“桥”,让学生实践机会大增,课堂容量显著加大,课堂形态立体多维,课堂参与全员覆盖,课堂效果如虎添翼。
作为成长中的教师,我把每一节课都当作锤炼自己、发展自我的契机。本课值得反思和提升的有三点:一是信息技术英语课堂容量大,如何把握课堂容量的度,如何兼顾不同类型、层次学生的学习能力和学习特点,促进每一位学生的最好发展;二是对教学环节的繁简、学习节奏的松紧、任务活动主次、重难点的突破等,还需在课堂结构更精致的设计、教学活动更合理组合上下功夫;三是如何将信息技术更科学、有机地融入教学,使其更“无痕”、更“自然”,就像有机体中筋骨肉血的一体化。信息技术与学科融合是教育发展的大趋势,信息化教学永远在途中。
(责任编辑:韩晓洁)
作者简介:李祎薇,深圳市坪山区汤坑小学。