不同pH条件下五倍子中β-PGG水解产物分析及其含量研究
2020-10-12张艳娇杨玲向润清黄宽方山丹范源朱培芳
张艳娇 杨玲 向润清 黄宽 方山丹 范源 朱培芳
摘要:目的 研究并分析β-PGG、3GG、GA、PA等在不同pH磷酸盐缓冲液中的含量变化及β-PGG水解产物分析情况。方法 采用经典恒温法考察β-PGG、GA、PA在不同pH缓冲液(pH=2、3、4、5、6、7、8)中的水解情况,用RP-HPLC法在同一色谱条件下对β-PGG水解产物进行分析及含量测定。结果 在同一色谱条件下发现β-PGG分解为GA和少量3GG之外,同时考察了GA在不同缓冲溶液中的产物分析,发现GA可生成少量3GG及PGG,未见PA分解。结论 β-PGG及GA、PA在不同pH条件下的含量变化反映了不同酸碱度对β-PGG水解反应的影响;本实验也发现β-PGG可分解为GA,3GG;GA在一定的条件下会合成3GG及β-PGG。目前文献多报道β-PGG的合成,其在不同PH条件下分解的产物及产物含量变化的研究报道较少,本研究有助于了解β-PGG的化学稳定性及其分解产物的相关性,可为进一步研究β-PGG的理化特性及鞣质类中药的养护、储存、加工及临床应用提供一定参考。
关键词:β-PGG;1,3,6-Tri-O-galloylglucose;没食子酸;焦性没食子酸;pH缓冲液;水解反应
中图分类号:R285 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1007-2349(2020)08-0054-05
【Abstract】Objective: To study and analyze the content changes and β-PGG hydrolysates of β-PGG, 3GG, GA and PA in different pH phosphate buffers. Methods: The classic constant temperature method was used to investigate the hydrolysis of β-PGG, GA, and PA in different pH buffers (pH=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8). The RP-HPLC method was used under the same chromatographic conditions. Results: Under the same chromatographic conditions, it was found that β-PGG was decomposed into GA and a small amount of 3GG. At the same time, the product analysis of GA in different buffer solutions was investigated and GA was found to generate a small amount of 3GG and PGG, and no PA decomposition was seen. Conclusion: The content changes of β-PGG, GA and PA under different pH conditions reflect the influence of different pH on the hydrolysis reaction of β-PGG. This experiment also find that β-PGG can be decomposed into GA and 3GG and GA under certain conditions can synthesize 3GG and β-PGG. At present, the literature mostly reports the synthesis of β-PGG, and few research reports on its decomposition products and product content changes under different pH conditions. This study helps to understand the chemical stability of β-PGG and the correlation of its decomposition products and can provide a reference for further research on the physical and chemical properties of β-PGG and the maintenance, storage, processing and clinical application of tannin Chinese medicine.
【Key words】β-PGG, 1,3,6-Tri-O-galloylglucose, gallic acid, pyrogallic acid, pH buffer, hydrolysis reaction
1,2,3,4,6-五-O-沒食子酰基葡萄糖(1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose,β-PGG)属天然水解类鞣质,是单宁类中最有效的抗氧化剂之一,来自于多种药用植物,如五倍子、芍药、余甘子等。β-PGG具有广泛的生物活性和药理活性,如抗炎症、抗氧化、抗糖尿病等作用[1-4],其能通过诱导细胞凋亡[5]、防止突变、转移和新生血管生成[6-8]。β-PGG在治疗各种癌症方面具有良好效应,包括肝癌[9-10]、乳腺癌[11]、结肠癌[12-13]、肾癌[14]和前列腺癌[15-16]等。β-PGG对癌细胞的选择性杀伤作用极其重要,它抗肿瘤和抗糖尿病等作用需要进一步探索以充分发挥其潜力,故研究β-PGG及其水解产物的化学特性及药效学特性有较为重要的意义。
β-PGG是5个没食子酸与1个葡萄糖酯化反应的产物,在该反应过程中没食子酸(gallic acid,GA)与葡萄糖上的羟基结合,逐步生成二没食子酰葡萄糖、三没食子酰葡萄糖、四没食子酰葡萄糖和五没食子酰葡萄糖,其在pH值为5~6范围内较稳定,在pH值为7.0条件下分解[17]。β-PGG在酸、碱条件下水解过程与上述酯化过程相反,分解为1,3,6-Tri-O-galloylglucose(3GG),最终水解为GA。GA在五倍子、苏木、金缕梅、茶叶、橡树树皮和其他植物中大量存在,具有清除自由基的能力,是一种优良的抗氧化剂,具有广谱的治疗作用,包括抗肿瘤[18-19]、抗炎[20-21]、抗肥胖[22]、抗菌和抗糖尿病[23-27]等。目前其主要药用用途包括镇痛剂、收敛剂和抗菌药物,研究发现它和它的酯类衍生物可作为一种有价值的抗癌药物[28-29]。焦性没食子酸(Pyrogallol Acid,PA),又称邻苯三酚、焦醅酚、焦棓酸,是存在于许多植物果实中的天然多酚类化合物,其多应用于农药、合成医药、显影剂以及化学分析试剂等,是许多药物的有效成分和重要的抗氧化剂;GA经过化学法脱羧反应后得PA,也可利用生物法在没食子酸脱羧酶的作用下发生脱羧反应生成PA[30-31]。化学结构式见图1。
本实验将根据多酚类化合物的特性考察在同一HPLC色谱条件不同pH对β-PGG、GA分解和或合成产物及产物含量分析。
1 材料
1.1 试剂 甲醇(色谱纯)、乙腈(色谱纯)、甲醇(分析纯)、磷酸(分析纯)、磷酸氢二钠(分析纯)等购自云南丹赤贸易有限公司;纯净水购自杭州娃哈哈集团有限公司。1,2,3,4,6-五-O-没食子酰葡萄糖(委托成都普瑞法科技开发公司从五倍子中提取,共2.5g,含量≥98%)成都普瑞法科技开发有限公司;1,3,6-Tri-O-galloylglucose(批号:CFN95043,含量≥98%),武汉天植生物技术有限公司;没食子酸对照品(批号:16081904,含量≥98%),四川省维克奇生物科技有限公司;焦性没食子酸对照品(批号:16052801,含量≥98%),上海源叶生物科技有限公司。
1.2 仪器 Agilent 1200系列高效液相色谱仪(VWD 紫外检测器),美国安捷伦公司;FA1004N型1/1万电子分析天平,上海菁海仪器有限公司;YL-080ST型超声清洗机,深圳市语路清洗设备有限公司;酸度计,梅特勒-托利多仪器有限公司;数显恒温水浴锅,北京永光明医疗仪器厂。
2 方法
2.1.1 磷酸盐缓冲液的配制 A液:取磷酸10mL,加纯化水至100mL,摇匀。B液:称取磷酸氢二钠7.2g,加纯化水使溶解成100mL。分别取不同体积的A,B液用酸度計调pH值到2、3、4、5、6、7、8,分别置于50mL容量瓶中,备用。
2.1.2 对照品溶液的制备 分别精密称取对照品β-PGG 2.3mg,3GG 2.2mg,GA 3.1mg,PA 2.6mg置于10mL容量瓶中,用甲醇溶解定容至刻度,摇匀,备用。
2.1.3 供试品溶液的制备 考察β-PGG、GA在pH为3、4、5、6、7、8时的缓冲液分解产物。称取β-PGG、GA对照品各2.6mg分别于12个10mL容量瓶中,超声使其溶解之后,置于60℃~65℃水浴锅上保存12h后用微孔滤膜(0.45μm)滤过,即得供试品溶液。
2.1.4 色谱条件 色谱柱ZORBAX SB-C18柱(4.6×250mm,5μm);柱温25℃;检测波长280nm;流速1mL/min;进样量10μL;乙腈和0.1%磷酸梯度洗脱,洗脱程序见表1。
2.1.5 测定不同pH条件下β-PGG、GA分解和或合成产物的含量变化 使用色谱柱ZORBAX SB-C18柱(4.6×250mm,5μm),按表4色谱条件,取2.2.1对照品分别2、4、6、8、10、12、14、16μL不同体积进样,以其峰面积(Y)对其标准品的质量(X)测得β-PGG、3GG、GA、PA的线性范围如表5所示,其精密度分别为1.14、1.14、1.54、1.53%;同时测定2.2.2供试品溶液的含量变化如表6所示。
实验结果发现,同一色谱条件不同pH条件下,β-PGG可分解为3GG、GA,未见PA分解;GA也可分解,同时观察到GA在一定的pH情况下还会合成3GG、β-PGG,未见PA分解,见图3。
3 结果与讨论
3.1 实验结果 根据实验结果可知β-PGG在酸性条件下较为稳定,随着pH增大,其分解较快,结合第二部分实验,pH越大,分解生成3GG、GA的含量也增加;对于GA,酸性条件时,含量变化不大,至但随着pH增大,其降解生成3GG、β-PGG的含量随之增大,但pH为8时,未见任何化合物的生成,这可能与酸碱度对其影响较大,故迅速降解有关。
3.2 存在问题及展望 本次实验应用同一色谱条件将β-PGG、3GG、GA、PA分解出来,但是峰形还需进一步改善;其次,本实验过程发现GA在随着pH增大时,其颜色逐渐变为绿色、深绿色,在60℃加热12h后,其颜色未发生较大变化,没有考察加热对其分解的影响,之后还应改进实验设计方案。
β-PGG、GA存在于多种鞣质类中药,研究不同酸碱度对其影响有助于了解β-PGG、GA的化学稳定性、提高其生物利用度,为进一步研究β-PGG的理化性质,将其更好地用于临床及鞣质类中药的养护、储存、加工及临床应用提供一定参考依据。
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(收稿日期:2020-06-26)