?粉垄减肥栽培对春青稞山青9号生长和产量的影响?

?胡朝霞 米玛次仁 拥嘎 查斯 白德朗 黄安平 韦本辉 谭炎宁

摘 要：春青稞提早成熟有助于規避收获期不良天气引发的倒伏风险，但也常带来减产的问题，研究运用一种将粉垄与减肥相结合的栽培方法来解决这一难题。粉垄减肥组的耕松深度设计为50 cm（系常规栽培组的2倍），其基肥和追肥施用量分别比对照组减少30%和85%;分析了粉垄减肥模式对春青稞山青9号生长和产量的影响。结果显示：与对照组相比，粉垄减肥组山青9号的出苗率提高了15.83个百分点，播种后第50天的基本苗数增加了34.63%，且单位面积生物量（鲜重）增加了48.54%;粉垄减肥组山青9号的抽穗期和成熟期分别提早了7和9 d，单位面积有效穗数和穗粒数分别提高了35.28%和9.60%，最终实际产量增加了4.92%。这些结果表明粉垄减肥栽培是实现春青稞早熟稳产的有效途径。

关键词：春青稞;山青9号;粉垄;减肥;早熟;稳产性

中图分类号：S318文献标识码：A文章编号：1006-060X（2020）05-0021-05

Effects of Combing Deep Vertically Rotary Tillage with Fertilizer Reduction on Growth

and Yield of Spring Hulless Barley “Shanqing No.9”

HU Zhao-xia1，Mimaciren1，Yongga1，Chaci1，BAI De-lang2，HUANG An-ping2，

WEI Ben-hui3，TAN Yan-ning1，2

（1. Shannan Municipal Agricultural Technology Extension Center in Tibet， Shannan 856000， PRC; 2. Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Changsha 410125， PRC; 3. Institute of Economic Crops， Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Nanning 530007， PRC）

Abstract： Being early maturing for spring hulless barley （Hordeum vulgare） helps to avoid the risk of lodging caused from the catastrophic weather during the harvest period， but it often brings another problem of yield reduction. Here， a novel cultivation that combines deep vertically rotary tillage with fertilizer reduction （DVRTFR） was used to solve this problem. In the design of field experiments， the tillage depth in DVRTFR was set at 50 cm， two times of conventional cultivation （CK）， and the fertilizer amount at the base stage and topdressing stage was reduced by 30% and 85% in contrast with CK. The effects of DVRTFR on growth and yield traits of spring hulless barley cultivar named “Shanqing No.9” （SQ.9） were investigated. The results showed that SQ.9 under DVRTFR presented an increase of 15.83% in seedling rate， 34.63% in tiller number and 48.54% in fresh biomass per unit area on the fiftieth day after sowing by contrast with CK. Furthermore， observation of main yield factors revealed the heading date and maturing date in DVRTFR was 7 days and 9 days earlier， and the number of effective ears and the total grains per square meter increased by 35.28% and 9.60%， thus leading to a yield improvement of 4.92%. Therefore， it suggested DVRTFR could provide an alternative to ensure spring hulless barley earlier maturing and stable yield.

Key words： spring hulless barley （Hordeum vulgare）; Shanqing No.9; deep vertically rotary tillage; fertilizer reduction; early maturing; yield stability