BIS监测下右美托咪啶复合丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼在妇科腔镜手术中的应用及对麻醉效果的影响
2020-06-08林海荣邱晨
林海荣 邱晨
【摘要】 目的:探討BIS监测下右美托咪啶复合丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼在妇科腔镜手术中的应用及对麻醉效果的影响。方法:选取2018年4月-2019年4月本院收治的54例妇科腔镜下子宫全切除术患者为研究对象,按照随机数字表法将患者分为观察组和对照组,每组27例。对照组给予丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼进行麻醉,观察组在BIS监测下给予右美托咪啶复合丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼进行麻醉。比较两组术后恢复情况及认知功能,比较两组不同时间点MAP、HR,术中麻醉药品用量、镇静情况及不良反应发生情况。结果:观察组指令反应恢复时间、呼吸恢复时间、苏醒时间均短于对照组(P<0.05);观察组术后MMSE评分高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组在T2、T3、T4、T5时点的MAP及HR均低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组术中丙泊酚与瑞芬太尼用量均低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组的镇静情况好于对照组(P<0.05);观察组术后不良反应发生率18.51%,低于对照组55.55%(P<0.05)。结论:BIS监测下右美托咪啶复合丙泊酚和芬太尼麻醉效果显著,能有效促进妇科腔镜手术患者术后认知功能的恢复,有利于手术顺利完成且安全性较高,具有临床推广应用价值。
【关键词】 BIS监测下 右美托咪啶 丙泊酚 瑞芬太尼 妇科腔镜手术 麻醉效果
[Abstract] Objective: To investigate the application of Dexmedetomidine combined with Propofol and Remifentanil in gynecological endoscopic surgery under BIS monitoring and its effect on anesthesia. Method: From April 2018 to April 2019, 54 patients who underwent gynecological laparoscopic hysterectomy were selected as subjects. They were divided into observation group and control group according to the random number table method, 27 cases in each group. The control group was given Propofol with Remifentanil, the observation group was given Dexmedetomidine combined with Propofol and Remifentanil under BIS monitoring. The postoperative recovery and cognitive function were compared, and the MAP and HR at different time points were compared, the amount of narcotic drugs, sedation and adverse reactions during the operation were compared between the two groups. Result: The response recovery time, breathing recovery time and wake-up time of the observation group were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). The postoperative MMSE score of the observation group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). The MAP and HR at T3, T4, and T5 in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The amount of Propofol and Remifentanil in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The sedation in the observation group was better than that in the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was 18.51%, lower than 55.55% in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Under BIS monitoring, Dexmedetomidine combined with Propofol and Remifentanil has a significant anesthetic effect, which can effectively promote the recovery of postoperative cognitive function in patients undergoing gynecologic endoscopic surgery, and is conducive to the smooth completion of surgery and high safety, and has clinical application value.
本研究中,观察组与对照组在T0、T1时点的MAP、HR比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),观察组在T2、T3、T4、T5时点的MAP及HR均低于对照组(P<0.05),主要是因为BIS作为一种新型技术,采用电脑双频指数实时、动态地监测血流动力学变化,能够帮助手术医生科学的把握术中麻醉深度,提升麻醉效果[15]。右美托咪啶能通过抑制去甲肾上腺素递质,终止传导疼痛信号。并通过抑制交感神经元活性,从而有效控制术中MAP和心率水平,镇静镇痛和抗交感效果显著[16]。BIS监测下右美托咪啶复合丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼能有效控制妇科腔镜手术患者平均动脉压、心率变化,维持血流动力学的稳定状态,有利于手术成功完成。
本研究中,观察组术中丙泊酚与瑞芬太尼用量均低于对照组(P<0.05),镇静情况好于对照组(P<0.05),主要是因为妇科腹腔镜下子宫全切除术时间较短,需要患者在术前尽快进入理想麻醉状态,如麻醉深度不够,术中出现知晓的概率较高。如麻醉深度过深,术后苏醒时间过长则会影响术后恢复质量[17]。BIS是监测观察妇科腹腔镜手术麻醉用药的重要手段,通过对术中监测观察的数值变化进行判断,在保障术中不知晓的情况下,合理调控并有效控制术中麻醉用药量。右美托咪定是具有较高的选择性的新型肾上腺素能受体激动剂,作为局部麻醉时的辅助药物,可有效减少局部麻醉药物的用量[18-19],BIS监测下右美托咪啶复合丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼,可显著降低术中丙泊酚与瑞芬太尼用量,有利于提升麻醉效果。
本研究中观察组术后不良反应发生率18.52%,低于对照组55.56%(P<0.05),主要是因为本研究中妇科腔镜术后不良反应与术中镇静效果和丙泊酚与瑞芬太尼的用量有关。BIS通过监测术中麻醉深度,科学合理地调整和控制丙泊酚与瑞芬太尼用量,从而降低恶心呕吐、拔管呛咳等不良反应。右美托咪啶是α2受体激动药,能有效抑制手术刺激引起的交感神经系统兴奋,明显降低术后寒战的发生,镇静镇痛作用显著且对阿片类药的呼吸抑制无协同作用[20],有效减少了术后躁动、呼吸暂停、心跳异常等不良反应。BIS监测下右美托咪啶复合丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼能起到良好的协同镇痛效应,降低不良反应发生,有利于术后恢复。
综上所述,BIS监测下右美托咪啶复合丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼麻醉效果显著,能有效促进妇科腔镜手术患者术后认知功能的恢复,有利于手术顺利完成且安全性较高,具有临床推广应用价值。
参考文献
[1]张浩.腹腔镜手术患者应用七氟烷或异丙酚复合瑞芬太尼麻醉的临床观察[J].中国医学创新,2019,16(5):156-159.
[2]章云飞,李长生,卢锡华,等.右美托咪啶复合丙泊酚或七氟烷全麻对胃肠肿瘤腹腔镜手术患者应激和术后恢复质量的影响[J].中华医学杂志,2019,99(17):1302-1306.
[3]张小伟.右美托咪定复合舒芬太尼用于术后镇痛对妇科腹腔镜手术患者睡眠质量的影响[J].国际麻醉学与复苏杂志,2019,40(4):294-297.
[4]章良.右美托咪啶复合舒芬太尼全身麻醉对剖宫产术中新生儿氧摄取率的影响[J].中国全科医学,2017,20(s1):158-160.
[5]张辉,朱詠,严彬,等.静吸复合麻醉下右美托咪定对老年患者颈椎手术运动诱发电位监测及术后躁动的影响[J].中华麻醉学杂志,2018,38(8):964.
[6] Ding J,Chen Y,Gao Y.Effect of propofol, midazolam and dexmedetomidine on ICU patients with sepsis and on arterial blood gas[J].Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine,2019,18(6):4340-4346.
[7] Hu B,Zhong Y,Zou X.Propofol vs. thiopental in hypotention after GA induction[J].Journal of Anesthesia,2019,33(6):705.
[8] Chaki T,Hirata N,Yoshikawa Y,et al.Lipid emulsion, but not propofol, induces skeletal muscle damage and lipid peroxidation[J].Journal of Anesthesia,2019,33(6):628-635.
[9] Uuskula A,Jarlais D D,Vorobjov S.The fentanyl epidemic in Estonia: opportunities for a comprehensive public health response[J].The Lancet Psychiatry,2019,6(12):985.
[10] Walia C,Gupta R,Kaur M,et al.Propofol sparing effect of dexmedetomidine and magnesium sulfate during BIS targeted anesthesia: A prospective, randomized, placebo controlled trial[J].J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol,2018,34(3):335-340.
[11]陈淼,韩雪萍,尚学栋,等.右美托咪定对颈内动脉球囊闭塞试验患者术中唤醒试验质量的影响[J].中华麻醉学杂志,2017,37(5):601-605.
[12]谢东武.依托咪酯复合丙泊酚方案对无痛胃肠镜检查过程中应激及炎症反应的影响[J].海南医学院学报,2017,23(22):3176-3179.
[13]李长生,刘素芳,周一,等.右美托咪啶对胸腹腔镜下食管癌根治术患者围手术期应激和术后疼痛的影响[J].中华医学杂志,2018,98(46):3778-3783.
[14]王欣,孙媛,魏砚砚,等.不同靶控输注瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚、右美托咪定用于精神分裂症剖宫产手术的影响[J].中国地方病防治杂志,2017,32(8):900-901,908.
[15]赵勤峰,吕卫兵,朱晓红,等.丙泊酚联合右美托咪啶与芬太尼在无痛气管镜检查中的应用价值[J].西部医学,2018,30(1):77-80.
[16]刘冲,董龙,张德利,等.右美托咪定与瑞芬太尼静脉复合对臂丛阻滞下老年肩关节镜手术VAS评分、BIS值及不良反应的影响[J].解放军预防医学杂志,2018,36(6):732-735.
[17]石泉,李敏,唐志清,等.酮咯酸氨丁三醇复合右美托咪定对瑞芬太尼致婦科腹腔镜患者术后痛觉过敏的影响[J].福建医科大学学报,2018,52(6):421-424.
[18]张海亮,郝静静,白延斌,等.静吸复合与全凭静脉麻醉在妇科腹腔镜手术中的临床应用研究[J].陕西医学杂志,2019,48(8):1038-1041.
[19]马龙,侯俊德,王志刚,等.硬膜外麻醉联合全麻复合右美托咪定对腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术患者免疫功能及应激反应的影响[J].广西医科大学学报,2018,35(8):1076-1079.
[20]吕国栋,齐超,马改霞,等.丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼对剖宫产孕妇血流动力学的影响[J].中国妇产科临床杂志,2019,20(3):256-257.
(收稿日期:2020-02-28) (本文编辑:张爽)