Xpert MTB/RIF在利福平耐药可靠性和时效中的评估
2020-04-30陆善词黄贞张绮丽冯健华郭炜
陆善词 黄贞 张绮丽 冯健华 郭炜
【摘要】 目的:探討利福平耐药实时荧光定量核酸扩增技术(Xpert MTB/RIF)在利福平耐药可靠性及时效评估方面的应用价值。方法:选取2017年8月-2018年9月笔者所在医院肺科门诊接诊的300例初诊肺结核可疑患者,分别实施Xpert MTB/RIF及常规固体培养检测,比较两种方法对患者的诊断结果。以临床综合诊断为金标准,对肺结核患者使用利福平治疗,比较传统药敏试验及Xpert Mtb/RIF对耐药性的检测结果。同时,比较常规固体培养及传统药敏试验、Xpert Mtb/RIF的诊断时效,包括肺结核诊断用时、耐药性诊断用时、肺结核诊断成本、耐药性诊断成本。结果:Xpert Mtb/RIF的肺结核阳性检出率及阳性符合率均高于常规固体培养(P<0.05);Xpert Mtb/RIF的耐药阳性符合率高于传统药敏试验(P<0.05);Xpert Mtb/RIF对肺结核诊断用时、耐药性诊断用时均短于常规固体培养及传统药敏试验,肺结核诊断成本、耐药性诊断成本均少于常规固体培养及传统药敏试验,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:Xpert MTB/RIF可提高肺结核早期检出率,保证利福平耐药检出可靠性,且诊断用时更少,成本更低,具有较高的诊断时效,值得推广和应用。
【关键词】 Xpert MTB/RIF 利福平 耐药可靠性 诊断时效
doi:10.14033/j.cnki.cfmr.2020.08.022 文献标识码 B 文章编号 1674-6805(2020)08-00-03
Evaluation of Xpert MTB/RIF in the Reliability and Aging of Rifampicin Resistance/LU Shanci, HUANG Zhen, ZHANG Qili, FENG Jianhua, GUO Wei. //Chinese and Foreign Medical Research, 2020, 18(8): -55
[Abstract] Objective: To explore the application value of Rifampicin resistance real-time fluorescent quantitative nucleic acid amplification technology (Xpert MTB/RIF) in the reliability and aging evaluation of Rifampicin resistance. Method: A total of 300 suspected patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis were enrolled in the pulmonary outpatient department of our hospital from August 2017 to September 2018, and Xpert MTB/RIF and conventional solid culture were performed respectively, and the diagnostic results of the two methods were compared. The clinical comprehensive diagnosis was used as the gold standard, and patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were treated with Rifampicin, and the detection results of traditional drug sensitive test and Xpert Mtb/RIF for drug resistance were compared. Meanwhile, the diagnostic aging of conventional solid culture and traditional drug sensitive test, Xpert Mtb/RIF were compared, including diagnostic time of pulmonary tuberculosis, diagnostic time of drug resistance, diagnostic cost of pulmonary tuberculosis and diagnostic cost of drug resistance. Result: The positive detection rate and positive coincidence rate of tuberculosis of Xpert Mtb/RIF were higher than those of conventional solid culture (P<0.05). The positive coincidence rate of drug resistance of Xpert Mtb/RIF was higher than that of conventional solid culture (P<0.05). The diagnostic time of pulmonary tuberculosis and drug resistance of Xpert Mtb/RIF were shorter than those of conventional solid culture and traditional drug sensitive test, and diagnostic cost of pulmonary tuberculosis and drug resistance were less than those of conventional solid culture and traditional drug sensitive test, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Xpert MTB/RIF can improve the early detection rate of tuberculosis, ensure the reliability of Rifampicin resistance detection, and it takes less time to diagnose, costs less, and has higher diagnostic aging, which is worthy of promotion and application.
2.4 常规固体培养及传统药敏试验、Xpert Mtb/RIF对肺结核及耐药性诊断时效比较
Xpert Mtb/RIF对肺结核诊断用时、耐药性诊断用时均短于常规固体培养及传统药敏试验,肺结核诊断成本、耐药性诊断成本均少于常规固体培养及传统药敏试验,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表3、表4。
3 讨论
结核病已成为严重的社会公共卫生问题,其中以肺结核最为常见[4]。肺结核可导致肺部发生严重病变,且活动期肺结核患者有较高的传染性,易使密切接触者被感染[5]。早期对肺结核进行诊断及治疗,有利于降低治疗难度,且预后较好[6]。基于此,注重肺结核的早期诊断对结核病防治具有重要意义。
痰涂片查结核杆菌是诊断肺结核的重要方法,应用较广。虽然痰涂片检查方法操作简单,但其阳性检出率较低,且对于结核杆菌的生存状态无法做出判断,易造成实际诊断结果出现偏差[7]。固体培养基方法是通过对结核杆菌进行培养以用于诊断肺结核,但是培养耗时较长,通常需要8周,在此期间可能造成病情延误。因而,临床在诊断肺结核时,不仅需要提高阳性检出率,还需要提高诊断时效,缩短获取结果时间,便于为患者尽早实施治疗[8]。
Xpert MTB/RIF是一种新型与快速的诊断方法,应用基础为半巢式实时定量PCR技术,能够同时对结核杆菌、利福平耐药性做出检测,在保证诊断准确率的同时可缩短等待结果时间,有利于对患者进行早期治疗与调整治疗方案[9]。
根据本文研究方法,通过将常规固体培养及传统药敏试验与Xpert MTB/RIF进行比较,结果显示,Xpert MTB/RIF的肺结核阳性符合率达到98.33%,高于常规固体培养的89.16%,证实Xpert MTB/RIF对肺结核诊断准确率更高。在利福平耐药性检测方面,Xpert MTB/RIF的阳性符合率为93.75%,高于传统药敏试验的62.50%,证实Xpert MTB/RIF对利福平耐药性检出率更高。在诊断时效方面,Xpert MTB/RIF对肺結核及利福平耐药性诊断用时及相应成本更少,表明Xpert MTB/RIF可兼顾诊断的时效性与经济性。综合上述研究结果,Xpert MTB/RIF在肺结核诊断、利福平耐药性早期检出方面更具有优势。
刘荣梅等[10]指出,通过将实时荧光定量核酸扩增检测技术与γ-干扰素释放试验有效结合,能够提高关节结核疾病的诊断准确度。此外,文献[11-12]也分析了耐利福平结核病中耐多药结核病分布特点及Xpert MTB/RIF检测对其耐药性的诊断价值。但本研究均以肺结核患者为研究对象,后续还应重视其他结核病患者的资料进行研究与分析,以更好地为Xpert MTB/RIF应用及推广奠定基础。
综上所述,Xpert MTB/RIF可提高肺结核早期检出率,保证利福平耐药检出可靠性,且诊断用时更少,成本更低,具有较高的诊断时效,值得推广和应用。
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(收稿日期:2019-11-07) (本文编辑:李盈)
基金项目:广东省中山市科技计划基金项目(项目编号:2017B1040)
①中山市第二人民医院 广东 中山 528447