主题语境十四：自然（一）

蒋建平

感知·素養解读

生命起源于自然，因此，万物应与自然和谐统一。在人类生命活动中，热爱大自然、探索自然界的奥秘、保护大自然等都是我们永恒的主题。学会了珍爱自然，也就学会了珍爱我们人类自己。

“自然”是高中新课程标准主题之一。课标及考纲中的“自然”是人与自然的和谐相处，人在自然界的生存、动植物保护、生态保护，自然灾害等方面。这些话题与学生的生活息息相关，联系密切。

“自然”是历年高考英语的常考主题。就历年高考英语书面表达而言，“自然”主要包括环境破坏、生态保护、自然灾害等话题。

关于这一主题的写作常有以下几种命题方式：

1. 介绍飓风的基本知识。

2. 介绍台风的基本知识。

3. 介绍某次大地震或水灾的破坏、影响等。

4. 濒危动物的现状及呼吁人们关注濒危动物。

5. 人与自然和谐相处话题。

6. 全球变暖问题。

探究·语库构建

语境串记

A horrible earthquake

Dirty water rose in wells and canals before the earthquake. 1.__________ no one judged that an earthquake was coming. Suddenly， everything shook. It seemed as if the world was 2.__________ an end. 3.__________（million） of brick houses and a number of dams were destroyed. Railway tracks became 4.__________（use） bars. Pipes in mines burst and let out 5. __________ （smell） steam. Huge cracks trapped cyclists everywhere.

The next day， this event was the headline or main title of all newspapers. With the reporters giving 6.__________ outline of the disaster， the whole nation was shocked by the damage and the victim's extreme 7. __________（suffer）. People were moved when they read that the survivors comforted each other by saying “Congratulations！ You survived！”. So they not only expressed their sympathy 8. __________ （sincere）， but also organized together to help the victims right away. The injured were rescued and the dead were buried. The 9. __________（frighten） survivors were dug out from under the ruins and were offered shelter， fresh water and electricity. Thanks to people's help， the loss 10.__________（minimize）.

可怕的地震

地震前，水井和运河里的污水都涨涌起来。但是没人判断出地震即将来临。突然，一切都在摇晃，似乎整个世界就要结束。数以百万的砖房和许多水坝遭到破坏;铁路轨道都变成无用的铁条;煤矿管道纷纷爆裂，发出有臭味的蒸汽;到处都有骑车的人陷在巨大的裂缝里。

第二天，所有报纸都纷纷以大字标题或主要标题报道了这一事件。记者们描述了灾难的大概情况，全国都被地震的破坏和灾民们极度的苦难所震惊。当人们读到幸存者以“恭喜啊，你还活着！”来互相安慰时，都被感动了。人们不仅衷心地表达了他们的同情，而且还立刻组织起来帮助灾民。伤员被救助了，死者被埋葬了，吓坏的幸存者被从废墟中挖出来了，栖身处、净水和电力也很快得到供应。多亏了人们的帮助，灾区的损失被减到了最小。

I. 图解热词

II. 素材积累

（一）阅读词汇整合（明其义）

动物及其相关表达：

1. horse 马

2. bull 公牛

3. cow 母牛;奶牛

4. pig 猪

5. sheep 羊;绵羊

6. goat 山羊

7. lamb 羔羊;小羊

8. zebra 斑马

9. deer 鹿

10. giraffe 长颈鹿

11. camel 骆驼

12. elephant 象

13. cat 猫

14. lion 狮子

15. tiger 虎

16. dog 犬;狗

17. fox 狐

18. wolf 狼

19. bear 熊

20. rabbit 兔

21. rat 鼠

22. mouse 老鼠;耗子

23. monkey 猴子

24. kangaroo 袋鼠

25. whale 鲸

26. dolphin 海豚

27. eagle 雕

28. hen 母鸡

29. chicken 鸡

30. parrot 鹦鹉

31. snake 蛇

32. frog 蛙

33. fish 鱼

34. butterfly 蝴蝶

35. mosquito 蚊子

36. insect 昆虫

37. tail 尾巴

38. nest 巢;窝

39. claw 爪

40. zoo 动物园

41. wing 翼;翅膀

42. beef 牛肉

43. pork 猪肉

44. feather 羽毛

45. fur 毛;毛皮

46. wildlife 野生动植物

47. punish the hunters severely 严惩捕猎者

48. live in harmony with animals 與动物和谐相处

49. devote oneself to protecting wildlife 致力于保护野生动植物

50. become extinct/die out 灭绝

51. protect the endangered animals from being killed 保护濒临灭绝的动物不被杀害

52. arouse people's awareness of wildlife protection 唤醒人们保护野生动植物的意识

53. take effective measures to protect rare animals 采取有效措施保护珍稀动物

植物及其相关表达：

1. rose 蔷薇;玫瑰

2. pea 豌豆

3. apple 苹果

4. pear 梨

5. orange 橙子;柑橘

6. pine 松树

7. bamboo 竹

8. cabbage 卷心菜

9. carrot 胡萝卜

10. onion 洋葱

11. pumpkin 南瓜

12. potato 马铃薯;土豆

13. tomato 番茄;西红柿

14. wheat 小麦

15. watermelon 西瓜

16. banana 香蕉

17. cherry 樱桃

18. coconut 椰子

19. grape 葡萄

20. mango 芒果

21. nut 坚果

22. bean 豆

23. root 根

24. seed 种子

25. leaf 叶

26. fruit 果实

27. flower 花;花朵

28. trunk 树干

29. branch 树枝

30. wood 木材

31. juice 果汁

32. plant trees 植树

33. cut down trees 砍伐树木

动植物描述：

1. gentle 驯服的;温顺的

2. fierce 残忍的;凶猛的

3. violent 暴力的

4. cute 聪明的;伶俐的

5. pretty 漂亮的

6. cold-blooded 冷血的

7. aggressive 侵略的;好斗的

8. lazy 懒惰的

9. thin 瘦的

10. high 高的

11. juicy 多汁的

12. gorgeous 极好的;漂亮的

13. fresh 新鲜的

14. reproductive 繁殖的

地形、地貌：

1. plain 平原

2. plateau 高原

3. hill 小山

4. mountain 山岳

5. river 河;江

6. lake 湖

7. stream 小河;小溪

8. land 陆地

9. ocean/sea 洋/大海

10. waterfall 瀑布

11. gulf 海湾

12. island 岛;岛屿

自然资源：

1. oil 石油

2. coal 煤

3. water 水

4. air 空气;大气

5. soil 土壤

6. gas 气体;煤气

7. sunshine 阳光;日光

8. oxygen 氧

9. metal 金属

10. iron 铁

11. keep ecological balance/keep the balance of nature 保持生态平衡

12. break ecological balance/damage the balance of nature 破坏生态平衡

13. create a pleasant ecological environment 创造良好的生态环境

天气：

1. sunny 阳光照耀的

2. rainy 下雨的;多雨的

3. windy 有风的;多风的

4. cloudy 阴天的;阴云密布的

5. stormy 有暴风雨的

6. fine 晴朗的

7. snowy 下雪的;多雪的

8. warm 暖和的;温暖的

9. cold 寒冷的

10. cool 凉的;凉爽的

11. hot 热的

12. mild 温和的;和煦的

13. rain 下雨

14. wind 风

15. snow 雪;下雪

16. cloud 云

17. storm 暴风雨

自然现象与灾害：

1. disaster 天灾;灾害

2. flood 水灾

3. drought 干旱

4. landslide 山崩

5. tsunami 海啸

6. typhoon 台风

7. hurricane 飓风

8. snowstorm 暴风雪

9. lightning 闪电

10. thunderstorm 雷雨;雷暴

11. tornado 龙卷风

12. wave 海浪;波浪;波涛

13. lava 熔岩;火山岩

14. volcano 火山

15. earthquake 地震

16. sandstorm 沙暴

17. tide 潮汐;潮水

自然災害发生：

1. strike/hit （灾害）侵袭;发生

2. erupt （火山）爆发;喷出

3. ruin 毁灭;破坏

4. occur （事件等）发生

自然灾害后果：

1. missing 失踪的

2. homeless 无家可归的

3. get injured 受伤

4. the trapped people 被困人员

5. collapse/fall down （房屋等）倒塌

6. claim 100 lives 造成100人死亡

7. be in ruins/fall into ruins 成为废墟

8. go against nature 违背自然规律

9. be washed away 被冲走

10. burn to the ground 全部焚毁

11. be trapped in the ruins 困在废墟中

12. be killed/lose one's life/cause one's death 死亡

13. have the power cut/cut off the power/electricity 电力中断

14. wash away buildings， roads and bridges 冲走房屋、道路和桥梁

15. trigger landslides and other disasters 引发泥石流及其他灾害

16. cause great damage/economic losses 造成巨大损失/经济损失

救援与捐赠：

1. victim 受害人

2. stricken district/area 受灾地区

3. the earthquake victims 地震灾民

4. rescue work 救灾工作

5. return to normal 恢复正常

6. trapped persons 被困人员

7. rescue... from 从……拯救……

8. rescue victims/sufferers 拯救受害人

9. flood control and drought relief 防汛抗旱

10. call on people to make donations 呼吁人们捐赠

11. hold out/give a helping hand to sb 对……伸出援助之手

（二）写作词汇运用（悉其用）

根据汉语提示或用所给单词的正确形式完成句子。

1. When the lava reached the sea， there was the possibility of a huge tidal wave which could

__________ （淹没） half the island.

2. Only the female __________（蚊子） can suck blood and transmit malaria.

3. The lack of __________ （对环境友好的） habits among the public is thought to be a major cause of global climate change.

4. It rained heavily in the south in the summer of 2016， __________ （造成严重的洪涝灾害） in several provinces.

5. It seems that they are not worried at all about the fact that wild animals __________（endanger）.

6. In spite of all this， immediately the government__________（号召） the whole nation to support the places hit by the worst disaster.

7. It __________（从来没想到） to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.

8. We should __________（和谐相处） animals， creating a pleasant ecological environment.

9. We'll have nowhere to live in the future unless we __________ （采取措施） to protect the earth now.

10. Deserts are also created because people __________（砍伐） trees and dig up grass.

（三）核心句型表达（精于表）

根据要求翻译下列句子。

1. 自然灾害总是不期而至，造成大量人员伤亡，毁坏无数的房屋。

译法一：（现在分词作结果状语）

______________________

譯法二：（非限制性定语从句）

______________________

2. 我们每个人都应该充分利用水资源，比如在日常生活中循环利用和节约用水。

译法一：（强调句型，强调主语）

______________________

译法二：（主语从句）

______________________

3. 只有这样我们才能够尽早战胜自然灾害。

译法一：（强调句型，强调状语）

______________________

译法二：（倒装句）

______________________

4. 为了让世界变得更好，我们应该遵守生态准则，保护环境。

译法一：（in order to句型）

______________________

译法二：（so that句型）

______________________

实践·主题测评

知识维度诊断评价

Ⅰ. 单句填空

1. They can destroy houses， but leave the furniture inside __________（exact） where it was.

2. On average， there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year， __________（cause） about 80 deaths and 1，500 injuries.

3. Last year a terrible flood broke out in the south of China， causing great loss __________ the people there.

4. Tornadoes can cause much __________ （destroy）.

5. The __________ （bad） tornado of all time occurred in 1925， affecting three US states.

6. When hurricanes come， there are violent winds of 120 kilometers per hour or more， _________cause bad weather.

7. That is the only way we can imagine __________（reduce） the overuse of water in students' bathrooms.

8. Let's work together and do __________ we can to make the earth a better place to live in.

9. Everyone should take the __________ （responsible） to protect the environment.

10. Nowadays， natural disasters have been more widespread and more frequent， becoming__________ increasing threat to development.

11. With more and more trees cut down， the balance of nature __________ （damage）， which has caused many wild animals and plants in danger of extinction.

12. Besides， our government should devote every effort to __________ （protect） wildlife， preventing the endangered animals from being killed.

13. The whole city lay in __________（ruin） after the earthquake， which made them lie awake all night.

14. We should also repay nature， rather than__________（blind） consume.

15. Due to excessive population growth， human beings require much more natural resources than before， which__________ （lead） to excessive pressure on nature.

16. On average， all kinds of natural disasters take place every year and even some are beyond people's __________（expect）.

17. Two people were buried in the buildings， but__________（fortunate） enough， they were rescued in time.

18. There is a possibility __________ experienced experts will be able to forecast some terrible natural disasters accurately in the future.

19. In Copenhagen Climate Conference， rich countries promised to set __________ a fund of $100 billion by 2020 to help developing countries.

20. The WWF __________（found） in the UK in 1961 and opened an international office in Switzerland in the same year.

Ⅱ. 單句改错

1. They found the remain of the buildings buried under the sand. _______________________

2. About 400 earthquakes occur worldwide every day， more than a hundred thousands in a year.

_______________________

3. The typhoon brought the worst flooding in 50 years to southern Taiwan， killed more than 460 people with scores of people injured or missing. _______________________

4. In this activity， students have raised their aware of environmental protection.

_______________________

5. It's high time that we arouse people's awareness of wildlife protection. _______________________

6. Furthermore， effective measures should taken to protect rare wildlife， including punishing the hunters severely. _______________________

7. We often say that the earth is our homeland and human society comes from the nature.

_______________________

8. For the long-term develop， the population growth must be controlled.

_______________________

9. We all come from nature which is our home？-land， so we must try our best to protect them.

_______________________

10. Yesterday a violent hurricane hit the area， which caused a lot of damages to the buildings and cars. _______________________

Ⅲ. 語篇填空

选用所给单词的正确形式填空，使短文意思完整。

What should you do when an earthquake occurs？ Here are some tips for you.

●When walking outside

Take caution against falling objects， such as signs and 1. _______ windows. Tools and construction materials can fall down at a construction site. Protect your head with your bag or coat and keep at a distance from tall buildings. Stone walls and pillars can also fall down and are potentially dangerous.

●When driving a car

Firmly hold the steering wheel， 2. _______ reduce speed， park your car on the side of the road， and stop the engine. Listen to information on the radio and find out what 3._______ . If you need to evacuate（撤出）， leave your keys， keep the doors 4. _______ ， and walk away with your car documents and valuables.

●When underground or in a subway

The shaking you feel when you are underground is about half of what you would experience over ground. Additionally， under-

ground areas have strong structures and are 5. _______ than high-rise buildings. Calmly evacuate， 6. _______ instructions from shop clerks and subway staff.

●When in a high-rise building

Elevators with earthquake sensors will stop at the nearest floor. Immediately leave the elevator. If you get 7. _______ in the elevator， use the intercom 8._______ someone outside and wait for rescue. When you evacuate from buildings， never use elevators， listen to

9. _______ ， and use the stairs to leave the building.

●When near the ocean

Head for higher ground and carefully listen to tsunami information. Do not go near the ocean until tsunami warnings 10._______ . Don't even think about going to watch tsunamis！