英文摘要

Foreignstudies:Acquaintance,reflectionandenlightenment(p. 1)

HUANGZhonglian(Centre for Translation Studies, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou 510420, China)

Compared with Chinese studies, it is more difficult to yield wisdom in foreign studies, which requires a researcher to acquire foreign knowledge, reflect on it and finally attain enlightenment. In addition to indirect foreign knowledge, those who can acquire the direct foreign knowledge are more experienced. Enlightenment is more important than knowledge because enlightenment is the precondition and base for one to be able to question, understand thoroughly and form new insights. Researchers in the field of foreign studies are likely to produce original academic results by basing on and going beyond knowledge and conceiving of wisdom.

AnanalysisofculturalmetaphorsinCCTVpublicserviceadvertisementsfromtheaspectofmultimodalmetaphor(p. 8)

SUNXiaomeng(School of Foreign Languages, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China)

Metaphor originates from the interaction between self-experience and culture. The connotation of culture is consistent with the structure of its conceptual metaphor. Multimodal metaphors, in the cognitive framework, imply cultural traditions, transmit values and influence people’s ideology. Based on the theory of Forceville’s multimodal metaphor and Lakoff & Johnson’s cross domain mapping framework, with the help of qualitative and quantitative analysis methods, this paper selects 13 public service advertisements as research corpus from the 97 CCTV public service advertisements to analyze the construction of multimodal metaphor in CCTV public service advertisements and their cultural connotations and values. In this way, we hope to improve the audience’s ability to recognize and understand multimodal metaphors in advertising, improve their moral consciousness and standardize their behaviors, so as to make them better inherit and carry forward Chinese excellent cultural values, and promote the construction of a harmonious society. The results enrich the cultural value of multimodal metaphor research and the genre research in public service advertising.

Aconversationanalysisofthefunctionsofteachers’OkayutterancesincollegeEnglishclassrooms(p. 15)

PENGZhuo(School of Foreign Languages, Shaoguan College, Shaoguan 512005, China)

Western scholars have done many researches on the functions ofokayin academic interaction, but few scholars in Chinese academia have explored the functions ofokayin the EFL classroom discourse of college English teachers whose mother tongue is Chinese. In view of this, this study explores the interactive functions and their causes of college English teachers’okayutterances by means of conversation analysis. The study finds that teachers’okayutterances can achieve seven interactive functions, which are derived by teachers basing on the core meaning ofokay, in light of specific contexts and by means of the family resemblance of meaning. This study is helpful to clarify the heterogeneous functions ofokayin the context of college English classrooms in China, and to promote the employment of conversation analysis to study the semantics, grammar and functions of vocabulary in domestic academia.

OnEnglishdenominalverbsandtheirnewcollocations：Acorpus-basedstudyofinstrumentverbgoogle(p. 23)

ZHANGXiao(Foreign Language Department, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China)

This study attempts to investigate English denominal verbs and their new collocations withgoogleas an example on the basis of authentic data from Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA). Clark & Clark (1979) proposed four criteria of defining and classifying English denominal verbs. However, these criteria cannot cover some features of denominal verbs, for which this article provides some evidence and explanations. Based on the authentic examples of the denominal verbgooglefrom COCA, this study discovers that denominal verbs can both be used as finite verbs and infinite verbs. It has also found out that denominal verbs can be used both alone and together with prepositions or particles to form new collocations. Such new collocations asgoogleforandgoogleupare relatively new in English, but they could be a potential source of new collocations with the change of the English language.

AnanalysisofJapanesenewsdiscoursesonPence’sSpeech(p. 32)

DUWenbo&ZHANGPeixia(School of Foreign Languages， Hunan University， Changsha 410006， China)

Critical discourse analysis is based on the analysis of language ontology，explaining the power inequality that the discourse carries，and then realizing the criticism of social power. This article analyzes an editorial by Sankei Shimbun on US Vice President Pence’s speech to China at his “conservative think tank”Hudson Institute on October 4， 2018. Based on Fairclough’s sociocultural-discourse dialectical relationship analysis and its three-dimensional discourse analysis framework，as well as the Halliday system functional grammar at the stage of text description，this article analyzes and explains Sankei Shimbun’s ideology and its social，political and cultural roots from the perspective of transitivity and the meaning and expression of related words. This article supplements the research on the Japanese report of Pence’s Speech from the perspective of linguistics.

HaroldBloomasastylistofprefaceandpostscript(p. 40)

ZENGHongwei(College of Foreign Languages Education, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China)

Harold Bloom’s cultural identity as a stylist of preface and postscript has been explored and highlighted in the data statistics and analyses of his massive works.From a qualitative point of view, Bloom has aspecial cognition of stylistic value, a clear and persistent stylistic consciousness, an effective stylistic production, and a unique and outstanding stylistic contribution. Both his preface and postscript open up a fresh style of writing， constructing his own “fourth criticism” style. He prefers using “memory writing”, “small history writing” as well as “life/life emotion narrative”, and frequently uses the narrative paradigm of literary influence relationship mode to keep innovating his critical views and methods, which also has precious value of historical documents. Bloom’s writing of prefaces and postscripts is of great enlightening value and reflective significance to the stylistic reconstruction of Chinese literary criticism.

Fromdictatortointerpreter:ThedeconstructivestrategiesinJunotDíaz’sTheBriefWondrousLifeofOscarWao(p. 47)

JINTaidong(College of Foreign Languages and Literature, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China)

TheBriefWondrousLifeofOscarWao, written by Junot Díaz, is such a masterpiece that attempts to fill in the blanks within the grand narrative of the official history, and to challenge the dictatorial discourse of the dominant ideology through the literary creation of the life of Oscar Wao and the history of the de León family. Via the lens of deconstructive writing, this paper endeavors to analyze the narrator and narrative object, the main text and paratext, as well as the stylistic hybridity and passing within the novel, in order to find out how Díaz succeeds in challenging the dominant ideology and deconstructing the monolithic historical narrative. With the transformation of the narrator’s status from dictator to interpreter through the narrative progress, Díaz expresses his attitude and stance to oppose any dictatorial textual narrative, and to embrace and encourage the heterogeneous and diversified interpretation of the text.

TheScottishruralcommunityinJohnGalt’sAnnalsofTheParish(p. 54)

WANGWeixin&CAINana(College of Foreign Languages, Shanghai University of International Business and Economics, Shanghai 201620， China)

John Galt’sAnnalsofTheParishrecorded the vicissitudes of a western Scottish town during the ministry of Balwhidder in the form of chronicles. It focused on the great changes in the parish from 1760 to 1810, when the Scottish town underwent trials, like the rural community being affiliated to cities gradually when industries started to grow, the youth joining in wars against the American revolution with their families losing fathers and sons and villagers beginning to embrace the bourgeois democracy instead of the feudal autocracy, brought by the Industrial Revolution, the American War and the French Revolution. The focus ofAnnalsofTheParishwas not one person, but the whole Scottish community in the wake of great change. The minister became the center of the Scottish community. Through tireless preaching, the minister helped the townspeople unite and led the Scottish rural community to undergo all kinds of historical changes mentioned above.AnnalsofTheParishwas a typical example of the “enthusiasm for community”, which the writers had during historical upheavals. It reflected the writer’s nostalgia and imagination for the rural communities before the Industrial Revolution.

GenderedspaceandmobilityinTheRainbow(p. 60)

ZENGKui(School of International Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China)

In D. H. Lawrence’s novelTheRainbow, mobility serves as a form of spatial agency in that it is a crucial element both in the female characters’ resistance to the unequal gendered spatial order and in the construction of more liberating and emancipatory spatial formations. Ursula’s mobility has not only broken the confinement imposed by the regimentation of domestic and public spaces on women’s freedom, but also created an alternative spatial vision that subverts the dehumanizing and mechanical social system. Ursula’s mobility creates holey spaces of third-space character within the mechanical world, which would effect personal freedom and cultural regeneration. This novel is a literary expression of Lawrence’s utopian impulse to redeem through female mobility an English culture that is fettered by the patriarchal-mechanical will.

ThedeclineofidyllinWutheringHeightsseenfromthetheoryofchronotope(p. 66)

BAILinmei(School of English and International Studies, Beijing Foreign Studies University, Beijing 100089, China)

Time and space are skillfully employed inWutheringHeightsto construct the plot. Bakhtin’s theory of chronotope summarizes the characteristics of different chronotopes in different genres of literature. It turns out an effective tool of literary analysis. Applying the theory of chronotope to studyWutheringHeights,this paper reveals that idyllic chronotope is the dominant chronotope within the novel. Meanwhile,there is an implied capitalist world outside the idyllic chronotope—the urban chronotope. The competition between the two chronotopes is revealed through Heathcliff’s revenge. The close of Wuthering Heights at the end of the novel symbolizes the victory of capitalism over feudalism. Thus the idyllic world declines. This analysis helps to reveal the social concerns and historical significance ofWutheringHeights.

OnthesemantictensioninJuliaLovell’stranslationsofmodernandcontemporaryChinesenovels(p. 72)

LYUQi(School of Foreign Languages, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China)

WANGShuhuai(School of Foreign Languages, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China)

Assisted by self-built corpus, this study focuses on how Julia Lovell modulated the semantic tension of the original with certain rhetorical devices in her translations of modern and contemporary Chinese novels. It is found that the translator does have her consistent style in handling semantic rhetorical devices such as metaphor and hyperbole. The translator managed to modulate the semantic tension in her translations by employing vivified expressions with great dramatic or emotional charge, to make the narration and description more attractive. The translator’s attempts help to enhance the fictions’ readability and literariness so as to provide the target language readers with better reading experience, and may shed light on the acceptance of translated modern and contemporary Chinese fictions among international readers.

OntranslationhybridityintheEnglishtranslationofWenxinDiaolong:WithStephenOwen’sEnglishversionasanexample(p. 81)

HUZuoyou&ZHONGShali(School of Foreign Studies, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China)

Translation hybridity is a prominent feature of the English version ofWenxinDiaolongby Stephen Owen, which includes language hybridity, cultural hybridity and literary hybridity. Owen uses “interpretation+pinyin” to deal with language hybridity, “amplification within the text” and “notes outside the text” to deal with cultural hybridity, and “retaining style and expression” to deal with literary hybridity. The three kinds of translation hybridity are not of parallel relations, but of mutual intersection, embodying the communication and cooperation between Chinese and Western languages and cultures. Owen has successfully combined the three kinds of translation hybridity effectively; his translation not only conveys the thought of ancient Chinese literary theory, but also enriches the cultural construction of the United States. Hybrid translation is conducive to the exchange and development of Chinese and Western cultures. Owen’s success lies in taking both the internal and external factors of translation into comprehensive consideration, and paying attention to controlling the degree of hybridization. His translation practice enlightens people as to the success of translation from the translator’s internal and external cultivation, and the key lies in how to keep hybrid translation under control.

Astudyonthetheoreticalframeworkoftrans-variationethics(p. 89)

YANGRongguang(School of Foreign Languages， Hubei University of Automotive Technology， Shiyan 442002, China)

Although studies on trans-variation phenomenon has been on the rise in recent years, the issues of trans-variation ethics still remain under-explored. Therefore, this paper, starting from the description of ethical problems raised by the act of trans-variation, has explored the validity, necessity and possible approaches of studying the topic. It has been suggested that the practice of trans-variation not only challenges the existing ethics of translation, but also offers a foundation for the construction of a new type of translation ethics. Meanwhile, the trans-variation ethics can be explored through the dimension of ethical norms and ethical nature of trans-variational practice. In this way, the paper has illustrated the validity of trans-variation ethics as a new concept and approaches to its future studies.

Anewstudyonphonologicalfeaturesfromtheperspectiveofgenerativephonology:AreviewofATheoryofPhonologicalFeatures(p. 95)

GUOZhongzi(School of English Studies, Tianjin Foreign Studies University, Tianjin 300204, China)

Distinctive features are one of the core concepts of phonology. It has been a research focus in phonology to devise the simplest feature system to distinguish the contrast between all speech sounds. To solve this problem, San Duanmu, professor of the department of linguistics at the University of Michigan, proposes a new interpretation in his bookTheTheoryofPhonologicalFeatures. This book, based on the phoneme database (UPSID and p-base) and an empirical study, argues that the feature theory should be based on contrast, defined by the active articulators and vocal actions, and then a set of even-valued feature systems can be established mainly from the perspective of articulation, with the minimum number of features sufficient to distinguish the vowels and consonants of all languages in the world.

Onhumorousdiscoursefromrelevancetheoryperspective:AreviewofFranciscoYus’HumourandRelevance(p. 99)

ZHOUYong(College of International Studies, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China)

Humor is one of the hottest topic in discourse studies. In daily communication, what inferential strategies will interlocutors perform in order to process the discourses and obtain the expected humorous effects when speakers attempt a humorous outcome of their discourses? This dynamic process involves understanding of speaker’s coded stimuli and his mental representations. Relevance theory, a cognitive pragmatics theory of human communication, emphasizes the optimal relevance in the process of pragmatic inference, which could account for the processing of humorous discourses. This book is an application of relevance theory to different types of humorous discourse, and provides a new perspective on the latest development of relevance theory and its application in humorous discourse.

ReviewofEmbodiedMind,Meaning,andReason:HowOurBodiesGiveRisetoUnderstanding(p. 102)

MAYingcong&HONGZhanzhan(School of Foreign Languages, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China)

EmbodiedMind,Meaning,andReason:HowOurBodiesGiveRisetoUnderstanding, written by Mark Johnson—one of the founders of embodied philosophy and cognitive linguistics, is a newly representative masterpiece in the research of embodied philosophy. The book starts with reviewing of and commenting on Dewey’s theory of mind, thought and language, William James’s theory of the range of consciousness and related studies of American pragmatism and the cognitive organism. Then it elaborates the key concepts of embodied philosophy in detail, namely the meaning of the body, the philosophical significance of image schemas, action, embodied meaning and thought. Followed by the analysis of embodied realism and truth incarnate, the book finally concludes with answering the philosophical fundamental question of why the body matters. The book is of crucial significance in the study of both philosophy and linguistics.