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血液透析滤过联合血液灌流治疗尿毒症继发甲状旁腺功能亢进的临床效果

2019-12-16金哲廖爱能吴文胜王小华

中国当代医药 2019年28期
关键词:血液灌流联合治疗尿毒症

金哲 廖爱能 吴文胜 王小华

[摘要]目的 探讨血液透析滤过联合血液灌流治疗尿毒症继发甲状旁腺功能亢进的临床效果。方法 选取2014年7月~2018年6月我院收治的87例尿毒症继发甲状旁腺功能亢进患者作为研究对象,应用随机数字表法将其分为对照组(43例)与观察组(44例)。对照组患者采取常规血液透析滤过治疗,观察组患者在对照组的基础上联合血液灌流治疗。比较两组患者的临床治疗效果、治疗费用、治疗前后小分子毒素指标[血钙(Ca)、血磷(P)、钙磷乘积、血尿素氮(BUN)、血清肌酐(SCr)]、大分子毒素指标[甲状旁腺激素(iPHT)、胱抑素C(CysC)、β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)]水平。结果 观察组患者的治疗费用为(8.93±2.75)万元,明显高于对照组的(7.15±1.61)万元,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗前的小分子毒素指标水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患者治疗后的P、SCr、钙磷乘积、BUN水平均低于治疗前,Ca水平均高于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者治疗后的P、SCr、钙磷乘积、BUN、Ca水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗前的大分子毒素指标水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患者治疗后的iPHT、CysC、β2-MG水平均低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者治疗后的iPHT、CysC、β2-MG水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者的治疗总有效率为95.45%,高于对照组的81.40%,差異有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 血液透析滤过联合血液灌流治疗尿毒症继发甲状旁腺功能亢进的效果显著,能够切实改善患者的临床症状及指标,提升患者预后及生活质量。

[关键词]血液透析滤过;血液灌流;联合治疗;尿毒症;继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进;治疗效果

[中图分类号] R692.5          [文献标识码] A          [文章编号] 1674-4721(2019)10(a)-0090-04

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the clinical effect of hemodiafiltration combined with hemoperfusion in the treatment of uremia secondary to hyperparathyroidism. Methods Eighty-seven patients with uremia secondary hyperparathyroidism admitted to our hospital from July 2014 to June 2018 were enrolled in the study. They were divided into the control group (43 cases) and the observation group (44 cases) according to the random number table method. The patients in the control group were treated with routine hemodiafiltration, and the patients in the observation group were treated with hemoperfusion on the basis of the control group. The clinical treatment effect, treatment cost, levels of small molecule toxin indexes (blood calcium [Ca], blood phosphorus [P], calcium and phosphorus product, blood urea nitrogen [BUN], serum creatinine [SCr]), and large molecular toxin indexes (parathyroid hormone [iPHT], cystatin C [CysC], β2 microglobulin [β2-MG]) before and after treatment were compared in the two groups. Results The treatment cost of the observation group was (8.93±2.75)×104 yuan, which was significantly higher than that of the control group for (7.15±1.61)×104 yuan, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the levels of small molecule toxin indexes between the two groups before treatment (P>0.05). The levels of P, SCr, calcium and phosphorus product and BUN in the two groups after treatment were lower than those before treatment, the Ca level was higher than that before treatment, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The levels of P, SCr, calcium and phosphorus product, BUN and Ca in the observation group after treatment were lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the levels of large molecule toxin indexes between the two groups before treatment (P>0.05). The levels of iPHT, CysC and β2-MG in the two groups after treatment were lower than those before treatment, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The levels of iPHT, CysC and β2-MG in the observation group after treatment were lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The total effective rate of treatment in the observation group was 95.45%, which was higher than that in the control group accounting for 81.40%, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Hemodiafiltration combined with hemoperfusion is significant in the treatment of uremia secondary to hyperparathyroidism, which can effectively improve the clinical symptoms and indicators of patients, improve their prognosis and quality of life.

[Key words] Hemodiafiltration; Hemoperfusion; Combination therapy; Uremia; Secondary hyperparathyroidism; Therapeutic effect

甲状旁腺激素(parathyroid hormone,iPHT)本身属于内分泌激素之一,可有效调节人体内的磷、钙等物质代谢,一旦人体内的iPHT增加,则会增加人体内的毒素[1]。尿毒症继发甲状旁腺功能亢进(uremia secondary hyperparathyroidism)属于尿毒症患者常见的并发症之一,严重影响患者的生存质量,降低患者的生存率[2-5],也是导致患者出现肾性骨病的主要原因[6-9]。在当前临床治疗中,尿毒症继发甲状旁腺功能亢进治疗主要手段为药物治疗、透析、手术切除等。本研究选取我院收治的87例尿毒症继发甲状旁腺功能亢进患者作为研究对象,旨在探讨血液透析滤过联合血液灌流治疗尿毒症继发甲状旁腺功能亢进的临床效果,現报道如下。

1资料与方法

1.1一般资料

选取2014年7月~2018年6月我院收治的87例尿毒症继发甲状旁腺功能亢进患者作为研究对象,所有患者及家属均知情同意并且签署了知情同意书,排除恶性肿瘤、严重消化道及心血管疾病患者。

应用随机数字表法将其分为对照组(43例)与观察组(44例)。观察组中,男22例,女22例;年龄25~73岁,平均(43.95±3.26)岁;肾小球肾炎患者13例,高血压肾病患者20例,糖尿病肾病患者11例;透析时间12~65个月,平均(28.37±10.54)个月。对照组中,男20例,女23例;年龄26~77岁,平均(43.17±3.42)岁;肾小球肾炎患者20例,高血压肾病患者8例,糖尿病肾病患者15例;透析时间11~62个月,平均(28.41±10.21)个月。两组患者的性别、年龄、疾病类型、透析时间等一般资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。本研究已经我院医学伦理委员审核批准。

1.2方法

对照组患者采用常规血液透析滤过治疗,3次/周,透析滤过器与管路使用浓度为0.9%的氯化钠注射液(石家庄四药有限公司,国药准字H13023201)联合应用20.0 mg普通肝素(东营天东制药有限公司,国药准字H20058187)冲洗,血液透析滤过流量为200~250 ml/min,每次治疗4 h。

观察组患者在对照组的治疗基础上联合血液灌流治疗,透析滤过器与管路使用浓度为5.00%的葡萄糖(大理药业有限公司,国药准字H53020343),总共500 ml冲洗灌流器与管路。接着应用浓度为0.9%的氯化钠注射液联合20.0 mg普通肝素进行二次冲洗,将其串联在血液透析滤过器前,治疗阶段血流量控制在200~250 ml/min,治疗2 h后取下灌流器,接着开展2 h的血液透析滤过治疗。

两组患者治疗6个月后,观察其治疗效果。

1.3观察指标及评价标准

比较两组患者的临床治疗效果、治疗费用、治疗前后小分子毒素指标[血钙(Ca)、血磷(P)、钙磷乘积、血尿素氮(BUN)、血清肌酐(SCr)]、大分子毒素指标[iPHT、胱抑素C(CysC)、β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)]水平。

临床治疗效果评价标准分为痊愈、有效及无效,具体如下。痊愈:患者经治疗后其血液相关指标、iPHT恢复正常,患者未见各类并发症;有效:患者治疗后指标大幅度改善,无严重并发症;无效:上述效果皆未达到,甚至患者的尿毒症、甲状旁腺功能亢进症状有所加剧。总有效率=(痊愈+有效)例数/总例数×100%。

1.4统计学方法

采用SPSS 16.0统计学软件进行数据分析,符合正态分布的计量资料采用均数±标准差(x±s)表示,两组间比较采用t检验,不符合正态分布者转换为正态分布后行统计学分析;计数资料用率表示,组间比较采用χ2检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2结果

2.1两组患者治疗费用的比较

观察组患者的治疗费用为(8.93±2.75)万元,明显高于对照组的(7.15±1.61)万元,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。

2.2两组患者治疗前后小分子毒素指标水平的比较

两组患者治疗前的小分子毒素指标水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患者治疗后的P、SCr、钙磷乘积、BUN水平均低于治疗前,Ca水平均高于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者治疗后的P、SCr、钙磷乘积、BUN、Ca水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)(表1)。

2.3两组患者治疗前后大分子毒素指标水平的比较

两组患者治疗前的大分子毒素指标水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患者治疗后的iPHT、CysC、β2-MG水平均低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者治疗后的iPHT、CysC、β2-MG水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)(表2)。

2.4两组患者治疗效果的比较

观察组患者的治疗总有效率为95.45%,高于对照组的81.40%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)(表3)。

3讨论

iPHT本身属于内分泌激素之一,是人体甲状旁腺分泌的多肽类激素之一,对人体钙、磷代谢产生重要影响。健康人群iPHT一般≤70 pg/ml。尿毒症继发甲状旁腺功能亢进属于尿毒症患者常见的并发症之一,对患者的生存质量造成严重影响,降低患者的生存率。在临床治疗中,清除iPHT可切实改善患者临床症状,提升患者的生存质量。

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