英语中的“伴随情况”

邓建平

“伴随情况（attending circumstance）”是英语句子中的一种比较特别，但又常见的语法现象，它分为伴随状态和伴随动作。英语中的“伴随情况”常见于下面五种情形，同学们理解并读熟，有利于阅读与写作。

一、形容词及形容词短语在句中表示伴随状态，可置于句首或句末。如：

1. That night， they drank happy. 那天晚上，他们喝地很痛快。

2. Unable to believe her eyes， Jane watched as the small dog swam to the other bank.（=Jane was unable to believe her eyes and she watched as the small dog swam to the other bank.） 珍妮真不相信自己的眼睛，当那小狗游向对岸时，她特意观察。

二、v-ing短语在句中表示伴随动作，可置于句首或句末。例如：

1. Thinking that the work was pretty beneficial， they did it excitedly.（= They thought the work was beneficial and did it excitedly.）想到这项工作大有好处，他们干得兴奋起来。

2. They communicated with each other using a kind of code. 他们使用一种密码，进行交流。

3. He stood there for a moment， not knowing what way to go. （=He stood there for a moment and didnt know where to go.）他站在那儿，一时间不知朝哪边走。

三、过去分词短语在句中表伴随情况，常置于句首或句末。如：

1. Born in the county， he would help with farm work when very young.（=He was born in the county and would help to do farm work when very young.）他出生乡村，很小的时候就帮家里干农活。

2. Located in a remote valley， the village is more or less separate from the world. 这座村子位于偏僻的山谷，多多少少与世隔绝。

3. The man was wandering in the street， completely lost in thought. 这人在街上徘徊着，完全处于沉思之中。

四、独立主格结构在句中表伴随情况，常置于句首或句末。如：

1. It being Sunday today， we held a family party.（= It was Sunday and we held a family party.）今天是星期日，我们开了一个家庭晚会。

2. He fell asleep， book in hand. 他睡着了，手上还拿着书。

五、with的复合结构在句中表伴随情况，常置于句首或句末。如：

1. with + 宾语 + 介词短语

Guangdong Province is located in Southern China with its capital on the Pearl River.（= Guangdong province is located in Southern China and its capital is on the Pearl River.）广东省位于华南，省府在珠江边。

She stood in the snow with her hands in the pockets. 她双手插在口袋，站在雪地里。

2. with + 宾语 + 形容词（短语）

With the door half open， she was waiting for mother to come back. 门半掩着，她在等妈妈回来。

With more and more people friendly to him， he feels at home overseas. 越来越多的人友好待他，在海外感到很自在了。

3. with + 宾语 + 副词

The school campus appears very beautiful with a lot of flowers and trees around. 四周栽满花草树木，校园显得非常美丽。

I could hardly sleep with the light on. 灯开着在，我简直睡不着。

4. with + 宾语+ 不定式

With the guide to lead us， we are climbing the mountain. 有向导带路，我们这就开始上山。

He was quite free these days， with nothing to do. 这些天，他无事可干，非常悠闲。

5. with + 宾语 + v-ing

With so many cars and buses running all the time， the traffic here appears rather busy. 这里车流不息，交通十分繁忙。

6. with + 宾语 + 过去分词

With these fairs properly treated， she felt quite relaxed. 这些事务得到妥善处理，经理颇感轻松。

The famous writer passed away， with that book unfinished. 那本书还没写完，这位著名作家就去世了。

責任编辑 蒋小青