句子逻辑关系在解题中的应用

罗金华

汉语重意合，英语重形合。英语的语篇非常追求逻辑的严谨，而逻辑严谨的达成主要通过使用众多的连接词来实现。当然，也有很多时候没有连接词，是一种隐性的逻辑关系。英语中常见的逻辑关系有以下几种：

一、逻辑关系在七选五解题中的应用

以2019年全国Ⅰ卷七选五为例：

We all grew up hearing people tell us to“go out and get some fresh air.”    36     According to recent studies， the answer is a big YES， if the air quality in your camping area is good.

37     If the air youre breathing is clean—which it would be if youre away from the smog of cities—then the air is filled with life-giving， energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors， your body will learn to breathe more deeply， allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles（肌肉）and your brain.

Recently， people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing（治愈）.      38     In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking at green， growing things can reduce stress， lower blood pressure， and put people into a better mood （情绪）. Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead.    39     It gives us a great feeling of peace.

40     While the suns rays can age and harm our skin， they also give us beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure you get enough Vitamin D—but still protect your skin—put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working， and thats plenty of time for your skin to absorb a days worth of Vitamin D.

A. Fresh air cleans our lungs.

B. So what are you waiting for？

C. Being in nature refreshes us.

D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.

E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said？

F. Just as importantly， we tend to associate air with health care.

G. All across the country， recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.

分析：

36. 转折呼应关系。由answer可知选一般疑问句，故选E项才前后呼应;同时，E项与空前句为转折关系，前后通顺。

37. 总分关系。空后句是讲“如果你呼吸的空气是清洁的”就会有什么好处，空白处应是本段的总起句，与呼吸相关，应是“肺部”，故選A项。

38. 顺承关系。空前句，即本段第一句提到研究人员在研究自然环境和疾病痊愈之间的关系，那么，接下来应是在全国建立这种接近自然的康复中心。故选G项，跟前句构成一种顺承关系。

39. 分总关系。从in these places起到本空前，作者描述了接近大自然的患者康复更快，再结合空后句“这给了我们平和宁静”， 可知此处应为总结句，描述大自然的作用，故选C项“置身大自然使我们精神焕发”。

40. 总分关系。该空后一句提到，尽管太阳光线会使人的皮肤老化、受损，但也能提供有益人体的维生素D。由此可知，本段应该与太阳光线有关，空白处应是本段的总起句，故选D项。同时，“获得新鲜气的另一个（another）好处是阳光”与前段主题“新鲜空气清洁我们的肺”“自然世界有益于治愈疾病”是并列关系。

二、逻辑关系在完形填空解题中的应用

以2019年全国Ⅰ卷完形填空前三段为例：

Every year about 40，000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro， the highest mountain in Africa. They     41     with them lots of waste. The     42    might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers（冰川）are disappearing， changing the     43    of Kilimanjaro.

41. A. keep         B. mix C. connect D. bring

42. A. stories       B. buildings C. crowds      D. reporters

43. A. position      B. age       C. face           D. name

本段講每天都有大约4万人登山，他们带来垃圾，破坏当地美景，造成冰川消失，改变乞力马扎罗山的面貌。其中41、42空所在的句子构成并列关系，43空所在的句子是前两句的结果。故分别选D， C和C项。

Hearing these stories， Im      44      about the place — other destinations are described as“purer”natural experiences.

44. A. silent B. skeptical C. serious D. crazy

本段中有个破折号，此处起着解释说明的作用。其他地方很纯净，而这里很脏，所以作者对此表示“怀疑”。故选B项。

However， I soon      45      that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of      46      among tons of rubbish. I find a      47      mountain， with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are      48      but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be      49     .

45. A. discover B. argue

C. decide D. advocate

46. A. equipment B. grass

C. camps D. stones

47. A. remote   B. quiet

C. tall D. clean

48. A. new   B. special

C. significant D. necessary

49. A. paying off B. spreading out

C. blowing up D. fading away

此段有个however表示转折，所以讲的是干净的方面。句子之间是并列关系。环境改变，有座干净的山，营地和沿途有卫生间，环境挑战虽然巨大，但最终还是有成效。因此，答案分别为A，C，D，C和A。

综上所述，句子关系对于高考解题起着重要的作用。考生平常练习时，要注重培养句子关系意识，分析句子之间的逻辑关系，高考便多了一个取胜的法宝。

责任编辑 蒋小青