浅谈如何让天祝藏区的高中学生写好英语作文
2019-10-21王海斌
摘要:众所周知,作为高考英语中唯一的一道主观题的写作在我们高中的英语教学和高考中起着举足轻重的作用,但是不幸的是,对于我们天祝藏区的高中生来说,在平时的训练和考试中,尤其是在高考中写出一篇好的作文却是难上加难,结果导致在考试中得不到理想的成绩,慢慢地就对英语学习失去了兴趣。因此,怎样帮助天祝藏区的高中学生写好英语作文在我们的教学中起着重要的作用。下面就是我在十几年的英语教学中和分析研究高考作文之后得出的几点心得体会,与大家一起分享。
关键词:英语作文;兴趣;分享
一、 怎样的作文算是一篇好的习作
我认为,一篇好的作文一般应该由三部分构成:主题段(topic paragraph),支撑段(supporting paragraph)和结尾段(concluding paragraph)。在主题段(topic paragraph)中,我们应该写出本篇文章的主题或者是写作目的;在支撑段(supporting paragraph)中,我建议学生第一句或者最后一句写成本段的中心句(topic sentence),后面的内容就按照中心句展开,这样就会让看文章的人一眼就知道你的写作目的;在结尾段(concluding paragraph)中,我们一般要表达我们自己的看法。下面举两个例子。
The first example: As is known to all, with the improvement of peoples living standards, cars have become a popular means of transport, bringing great convenience to our life. However, they have also caused some problems such as air pollution and traffic jams.
在这段文章中,第一句话是一个general statement,第二句话才是topic sentence.
The second example: Our school(beautiful, modern and big).
这篇文章怎么按照上面的建议去写呢?我认为,这篇文章应该分为五段。第一段主题段(topic paragraph)应该写...Our school is beautiful,modern and big。第二、三、四段是支撐段(supporting paragraph),我们应该在这三段的第一句就写上每一段的中心句(topic sentence): Our school is wellknown for its beauty; Our school is a very modern one; Our school is really large,然后围绕每一段的中心句进行具体的介绍。第五段是结尾段(concluding paragraph),表达自己的看法,Im proud of being a student of such a good school。
以下是我总结的用来表达自己观点的一些常见的结构:
(1)I think/in my opinion(2)to sum up(3)Obviously, we can draw the conclusion that...(4)Thus, it can be concluded that...(5)From what has been discussed above, we may draw the conclusion that...(6)Therefore, we can find that...
二、 怎样写出一个好的段落
1. 一个好的段落应该由一个中心句(topic sentence)和若干支撑句(supporting sentences)组成,这样的段落结构看起来一目了然,不会因为结构模糊失分。例如:
How can we solve the problems then? As far as Im concerned, bicycles are a good solution. For one thing, bicycles dont need any petrol and energysaving. For another, bicycles are environmentally friendly because they wont give off waste gas. Whats more, riding bicycles are a good way for is to exercise and it is beneficial to our health.
在这一个段落中,第一句话就是中心句(topic sentence),其余的都是支撑句(supporting sentences)。
2. 一个好的段落应该有一些恰当的连词(proper linking words),把句子连接成一个段落,这样就把本段中的所有句子都连成了一个整体,而不是独立存在的句子,整体感十分明显。例如:
How can we solve the problems then? As far as Im concerned, bicycles are a good solution. For one thing, bicycles dont need any petrol and energysaving. For another, bicycles are environmentally friendly because they wont give off waste gas. Whats more, riding bicycles are a good way for is to exercise and it is beneficial to our health.
在这段文章中,加粗的部分就是连词(proper linking words),合理使用恰当的连词会让我们的作文看起来是一个整体而不是毫不相关的几句话机械地堆在一起。
以下是我总结的一些常见的连词(linking words):
(1)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally;(2)first, second, third, last;(3)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally;(4)first and foremost, besides, last but not least;(5)on the one hand, on the other hand;(6)for one thing, for another thing;(7)most important of all, moreover, finally.
3. 一个好的段落应该包括多样的句式结构和一些高级词汇,而不是仅仅一些最基本的句式結构和简单的词汇,这样可以起到画龙点睛的作用,容易吸引阅卷人的眼球,得到相对理想的分数。例如:
(1)比尔是一个小镇上的律师,他说服他们解决了这个问题。这个句子有以下三种表达方式。
①仅仅使用简单句:Bill is a lawyer in town. Joe persuaded them to settle the problem.
②使用非限制性定语从句表达:Bill, who is a lawyer in town, persuaded them to settle the problem.
③使用同位语进行表达:Bill, a lawyer in town, persuaded them to settle the problem.
以下三个句子中就使用了高级词汇。
(2)这件事情挺难的。This is a challenging job.
(3)我们就会了解父母的辛苦工作。Well then know about parents hardship.
(4)这有助于我们学会节俭。This helps us learn to be thrifty.
当然,影响学生写作的因素还有很多,比如说词汇、句式结构、文章结构、书写等等。因此,我们在平时的写作教学中,一定要从各个方面入手,狠抓学生写作水平,以便于在考试中可以得到理想的成绩。
作者简介:
王海斌,甘肃省武威市,甘肃省天祝县第一中学。