鄂西北烟区斜纹夜蛾发生动态研究
2019-09-19许汝冰张建功宋红昌李锡宏程海峰郭利苏兆俊吕先博曹丽君董小林
许汝冰 张建功 宋红昌 李锡宏 程海峰 郭利 苏兆俊 吕先博 曹丽君 董小林
摘要 为了了解斜纹夜蛾在鄂西北烟草种植区的危害情况,选择在襄阳保康烟区通过系统定点、不同海拔定点观测,了解斜纹夜蛾在烟田的发生动态规律。结果表明,2017年烟田斜纹夜蛾初发期在5月10日,5月18日出现第1个发生高峰期,6月中旬出现第2个高峰期,在此期间发生量较低;7月出现第3个高峰期,8月中下旬为持续发生期。在海拔850、1 050、1 150 m斜纹夜蛾的发生规律基本相同,发生量随海拔的升高而增加。该研究为实时防治烟田斜纹夜蛾成虫和测报虫害提供理论依据。
关键词 斜纹夜蛾;诱捕;发生规律
中图分类号 S433.4文献标识码 A
文章编号 0517-6611(2019)16-0182-02
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2019.16.052
开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID):
Occurrence Dynamics of Spodoptera litura in Northwest Hubei Tobacco Region
XU Ru bing1,ZHANG Jian gong2,SONG Hong chang3 et al (1.Hubei Tobacco Research Institute,Wuhan,Hubei 430000;2.Yangzte University,Jingzhou,Hubei 434000;3.Xiangyang City Tobacco Company Baokang Branch,Xiangyang,Hubei 441600 )
Abstract In order to understand the rules of Spodoptera litura adult dynamic change in tobacco planting field at Northwest, Hubei Province,the amount of Spodoptera litura adults were systematic investigated at some test plots in tobacco growing area of Baokang, Xiangyang City.The result showed that in 2017, the first occurrence S. lituraadult in tobacco fields was May 10.The amounts of adults trapped came to apeak on 18 May and another peak was occurred in mid June.And the third peak occurred throngh July 5to mid late August.But there was less amounts of adults can be trapped in other time relatively. The amounts of adults trapped had no significant difference at different altitudes (850,1 050 and 1 150 m above sea level). These results provided a theory evidence to precast and control S.litura adults.
Key words Spodoptera litura;Trap;Dynamic change
斜紋夜蛾(Spodoptera litura Fabricius)属鳞翅目夜蛾科[1],又称莲纹夜蛾、夜盗虫、乌头虫[2],是一种世界性分布的广食性和暴发性农业害虫,已知寄主范围多达99科290种以上[3]。斜纹夜蛾具有很强的繁殖力,平均每头雌虫可产卵800 粒左右[4],其幼虫共6个龄期,3龄后时进食量大增,危害较大,是烟草上重要的食叶害虫之一[5-6]。近年来,由于全球气候变暖以及作物布局的变化,斜纹夜蛾在各地发生的频率明显提高[7-8],呈上升趋势[9]。鄂西北烟区紧邻神农架,属秦巴山脉,地理环境条件复杂,烟区海拔跨度大,随着气候逐年变暖,种植业结构进一步调整升级,近年来斜纹夜蛾发生为害呈加重趋势。往年大田系统调查发现,湖北省未见斜纹夜蛾幼虫和蛹安全过冬,分析应属远距离迁飞,烟田为害表现为隐蔽性、暴发性、毁灭性3个特点[10-12],故斜纹夜蛾成为鄂西北烟区主要害虫之一。为了掌握鄂西北烟区斜纹夜蛾的发生动态规律,笔者参考云南、湖南等地调查方法[6,13],以鄂西北主产烟区(保康县)为试验点,对烟田斜纹夜蛾成虫发生动态进行了监测,为实时控制斜纹夜蛾提供理论依据。