PEG和钙离子处理对全缘火棘种子萌发的影响
2019-09-16覃章辉陈快熊莉军邓志军
覃章辉 陈快 熊莉军 邓志军
摘要:作为用于防治喀斯特地区石漠化的植物物种,在其种子萌发阶段就必须具有较强的适应干旱和富钙土壤的能力。本文研究了喀斯特地区乡土植物全缘火棘种子萌发过程中对干旱和钙离子的耐受能力,用不同水势的PEG6000溶液和不同浓度的CaCl2溶液分别模拟干旱和富钙土壤环境。结果表明,全缘火棘种子萌发对干旱和钙均具有很强的耐受能力,其耐旱能力强于很多其他喀斯特地区乡土植物的种子,甚至强于一些荒漠植物的种子;其对钙离子的耐受能力也明显强于与其在形态和生态特性上非常相似的同属植物火棘的种子。这或许反映了其对喀斯特地区频发干旱并富钙土壤环境的适应,同时也意味着其具有防治喀斯特地区石漠化的巨大潜力。
关键词:喀斯特地貌;石漠化;干旱;水势;萌发率
中图分类号:S753文献标识码:A文章编号:1004-3020(2019)04-0001-04Effects of PEG and Calcium on the Germination
of Pyracantha atalantioides SeedsQin Zhanghui(1)Chen Kuai(1)Xiong Lijun(2)Deng Zhijun(1)
(1.Seed Biology Laboratory, College of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei Minzu UniversityEnshi445000;
2. Meteorological Bureau of Enshi Tujia & Miao Autonomous PrefectureEnshi445000)
Abstract: As a plant species used to prevent and control rocky desertification in karst area, it is necessary to adapt to drought and calcium-rich soil at the stage of seed germination. The tolerance to drought and calcium ions during seed germination of native plants in karst area was studied in this study. The drought and calcium-rich soil environments were simulated by PEG6000 solution with different water potential and different concentration of CaCl2 solution. The results showed that the germination of Pyracantha atalantioides seeds had strong tolerance to drought and calcium, and its drought tolerance was stronger than that of many other native plants in karst area, and even stronger than that of some desert plants. Its tolerance to calcium ions was also stronger than that of the seeds of the same genus plant, P. fortuneana, which was similar to P. atalantioides in morphology and ecological characteristics. These may reflect an adaptation of P. atalantioides to drought and calcium-rich soil environment in karst area, and may also means that P. atalantioides has a great potential to be used to prevent and control rocky desertification in karst area.
Key words:karst landform; rocky desertification; drought stress; water potential; germination
中國西南地区发育有大面积的典型喀斯特地貌[1]。喀斯特地貌是石灰岩受流水的溶蚀作用并伴随外界机械作用形成的[2],其发育的土壤具有土层浅薄且不连续,持、滞水能力弱等特点[3]。其中,间歇性干旱频发和富钙是喀斯特地区土壤的两个最重要特征[4]。在这些特殊生境中发育的喀斯特植物群落也与非喀斯特环境上的地带性植物群落存在明显差异[5],其生态系统脆弱,石漠化严重[6]。有研究表明,随着石漠化强度的增加,土壤中的游离钙离子含量呈递增趋势[7]。因此,筛选出耐旱并能耐受较高浓度钙离子的植物对于喀斯特地区的石漠化防治当具有重要意义。
湖北林业科技第48卷第4期覃章辉,等:PEG和钙离子处理对全缘火棘种子萌发的影响种子萌发是绝大多数种子植物生活史中最先表达的性状,影响植物各种萌发后性状的表型、遗传表达和自然选择[8],进而影响植物的生态适应性,甚至决定一个种群在特定地区能否长久存在[9]。故,筛选耐旱并能耐受较高浓度钙离子植物的第一步是检测候选植物种子萌发过程对干旱和较高浓度钙离子的耐受能力。目前,关于喀斯特地区植物种子在萌发过程中对富钙且频发间歇性干旱土壤的响应方面的研究尚鲜见报道。