DHF对过氧化氢诱导H9c2心肌细胞损伤保护作用
2019-09-10卢畅宋妤朱文珍冯慢慢李佳玮韩晓华
卢畅 宋妤 朱文珍 冯慢慢 李佳玮 韩晓华
[摘要] 目的 探討7,8-二羟基黄酮(DHF)对过氧化氢(H2O2)诱导的H9c2心肌细胞氧化应激损伤的保护作用及机制。
方法首先观察DHF对H2O2诱导的H9c2细胞损伤的保护作用(实验1),H9c2细胞分为对照组(无药物处理)、H2O2组(700 μmol/L H2O2孵育24 h)、DHF+H2O2组(1、5、10、20 μmol/L DHF预处理1 h,700 μmol/L H2O2孵育24 h)、DHF组(20 μmol/L DHF孵育24 h)。为观察各组Akt 蛋白水平的改变(实验2),H9c2细胞分为对照组、H2O2组(700 μmol/L H2O2孵育24 h)、DHF+H2O2组(10 μmol/L DHF预处理1 h,余同H2O2组)、LY294002+DHF+H2O2组(先加入10 μmol/L LY294002孵育30 min,其余处理同DHF+H2O2组)、DHF组(10 μmol/L DHF孵育24 h)。为观察PI3K阻断剂LY294002对DHF保护作用的影响(实验3),实验分5组:前4组分组及处理方法同实验2,第5组为LY294002组(加入10 μmol/L LY294002孵育24 h)。采用MTT法测定各组细胞存活率,Western blot法检测p-Akt蛋白表达。
结果实验1结果表明,H2O2处理后细胞存活率降低至(54.1±5.8)%,而5~20 μmol/L DHF发挥明显的细胞保护作用(n=6,F=16.50,q=1.95~4.76,P<0.05)。实验2结果显示,H2O2能显著减少p-Akt蛋白表达,而DHF预处理上调了p-Akt蛋白水平,该作用可被PI3K抑制剂LY294002所阻断,单独使用DHF对Akt的磷酸化无明显影响(n=3,F=18.67,q=6.17~10.47,P<0.01)。实验3结果表明,与对照组比较,H2O2组细胞存活率明显降低,该作用可被10 μmol/L DHF所拮抗,而DHF的保护作用可部分被LY294002所阻断(n=6,F=44.75,q=8.52~17.16,P<0.01)。
结论DHF对H2O2诱导H9c2心肌细胞损伤具有明显的保护作用,该作用可能与PI3K/Akt 信号通路激活密切相关。
[关键词] 7,8-二羟基黄酮;过氧化氢;氧化性应激;肌细胞,心脏
[中图分类号] R541
[文献标志码] A
[文章编号] 2096-5532(2019)01-0035-05
PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF 7,8-DIHYDROXYFLAVONE AGAINST H2O2-INDUCED INJURY IN H9c2 CARDIOMYOCYTES
LU Chang, SONG Yu, ZHU Wenzhen, FENG Manman, LI Jiawei, HAN Xiaohua
(Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China)
[ABSTRACT]ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect of 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (DHF) against H2O2-induced oxidative stress injury in H9c2 cardiomyocytes and related mechanism.
MethodsIn order to observe the protective effect of DHF against H2O2-induced injury in H9c2 cardiomyocytes (experiment 1), H9c2 cardiomyocytes were divided into control group (without drug treatment), H2O2 group (treated with 700 μmol/L H2O2 for 24 h), DHF+H2O2 group (pretreated with 1,5,10, and 20 μmol/L DHF for 1 h, followed by the treatment with 700 μmol/L H2O2 for 24 h), and DHF group (treated with 20 μmol/L DHF for 24 h). In order to investigate the change in the level of Akt protein (experiment 2), H9c2 cardiomyocytes were divided into control group, H2O2 group (treated with 700 μmol/L H2O2 for 24 h), DHF+H2O2 group (pretreated with 10 μmol/L DHF for 1 h, followed by the same treatment as the H2O2 group), LY294002+DHF+H2O2 group (firstly treated with 10 μmol/L LY294002 for 30 min, followed by the same treatment as the DHF+H2O2 group), and DHF group (treated with 10 μmol/L DHF for 24 h). In order to investigate the effect of LY294002, a PI3K antagonist, on the protective effect of DHF (experiment 3), H9c2 cardiomyocytes were divided into five groups; the former four groups and their treatment were the same as experiment 2 and the fifth group was LY294002 group (treated with 10 μmol/L LY294002 for 24 h). MTT assay was used to measure cell viability, and Western blot was used to measure the protein expression of Akt.
ResultsExperiment 1 showed that cell viability decreased to (54.1±5.8)% after H2O2 treatment, while 5-20 μmol/L DHF pretreatment exerted a marked protective effect on cells (n=6,F=16.50,q=1.95-4.76,P<0.05). Experiment 2 showed that H2O2 significantly downregulated the protein expression of p-Akt, while DHF pretreatment upregulated the protein expression of p-Akt, which was inhibited by the PI3K antagonist LY294002; DHF used alone had no marked effect on the phosphorylation of Akt (n=3,F=18.67,q=6.17-10.47,P<0.01). Experiment 3 showed that compared with the control group, the H2O2 group had a significant reduction in cell viability, which was antagonized by 10 μmol/L DHF, while the protective effect of DHF was partially blocked byDHF exerts a marked protective effect against H2O2-induced injury in H9c2 cardiomyocytes, which is closely associated with activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
[KEY WORDS]7,8-dihydroxyflavone; hydrogen peroxide; oxidative stress; myocytes, cardiac
活性氧(ROS)指一组含氧基的活性化合物,包括超氧化物阴离子(O-2)、羟自由基(·OH)和过氧化氢(H2O2)等[1]。ROS能诱导心肌细胞损伤,在心肌梗死、心肌缺血再灌注损伤、心力衰竭等疾病的发生发展中发挥重要作用[2-4]。H2O2是ROS中公认的内源性和外源性诱导细胞损伤的递质,可通过脂质过氧化、DNA损伤、蛋白质结构和功能改变,最终导致细胞不可逆死亡[5],常用来诱导细胞氧化应激损伤模型[6]。7,8-二羟基黄酮(DHF)是黄酮家族的一员,最近研究显示其是一种酪氨酸激酶受体B(TrkB)的激动剂,可通过激活下游的信号通路如蛋白激酶B(Akt)、细胞外调节蛋白激酶(Erk)等发挥神经保护及营养作用[7-9]。此外,DHF还具有抗氧化[10-12]、抗炎[13-14]、内皮细胞保护等作用[15]。DHF能通过抑制ROS产生、炎症因子释放及激活凋亡酶从而拮抗H2O2诱导的内皮细胞损伤[15],该保护作用可能与TrkB受体激活相关。但是DHF能否对H2O2诱导的心肌细胞损伤有保护作用,并无相关报道。大鼠H9c2心肌细胞来源于胚胎期心脏,被广泛用于心脏保护作用和相关信号通路的研究[16]。本研究利用H2O2诱导H9c2细胞制备氧化应激损伤模型,观察DHF对其保护作用以及PI3K/Akt信号通路是否参与该作用,为DHF应用于心血管疾病的防治提供实验依据。
1 材料和方法
1.1 试剂与仪器
DHF样品购自美国TCI公司,应用二甲基亚砜(DMSO)溶解后配制成浓度100 mmol/L储存液。体积分数0.30的H2O2购自天津市鼎盛鑫化工有限公司,四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)为Solarbio(北京)公司产品,DMEM高糖培养粉为Gibco公司产品,PI3K抑制剂LY294002为APEXBIO公司产品,胎牛血清为BI公司产品,RIPA裂解液购自碧云天生物技术研究所,BCA蛋白定量检测试剂盒为Thermo公司產品,磷酸化的蛋白激酶B(p-Akt)和Akt抗体为Cell Signaling Technology公司产品,HRP-标记的二抗购自Santa Cruz公司,其他试剂均为国产分析纯。所使用仪器包括CO2培养箱、超净工作台、Olympus倒置相差显微镜、Spectra Max M5多功能酶标仪和Western显影仪等。
1.2 细胞培养
将H9c2细胞置于含体积分数0.1胎牛血清、105 U/L青霉素和100 mg/L链霉素的DMEM高糖培养液中,在37 ℃、含体积分数0.05的CO2培养箱中培养。细胞达到70%~80%融合时按照1∶3传代,细胞生长至对数生长期进行实验。
1.3 分组及处理方法
取生长状态良好的H9c2细胞,以每孔1.5 mL接种6孔板(每孔3×105)。为观察DHF对H2O2诱导的细胞损伤的保护作用(实验1),H9c2细胞分为4组:对照组(无药物处理)、H2O2组(加入终浓度700 μmol/L H2O2孵育24 h)、DHF+H2O2组(分别加入1、5、10、20 μmol/L DHF预处理1 h,再加入700 μmol/L H2O2孵育24 h)、DHF组(加入终浓度20 μmol/L DHF孵育24 h)。为观察各组Akt 蛋白水平的改变(实验2),H9c2细胞分为以下5组:对照组(无药物处理)、H2O2组(700 μmol/L H2O2孵育24 h)、 DHF+H2O2组(10 μmol/L DHF预处理1 h,再加入700 μmol/L浓度的H2O2孵育24 h)、LY294002+DHF+H2O2 组(首先加入10 μmol/L的LY294002孵育30 min,其余的处理方法同DHF+H2O2组)、DHF组(加入10 μmol/L DHF孵育24 h)。为观察PI3K阻断剂LY294002对DHF保护作用的影响(实验3),H9c2细胞分5组:对照组(无药物处理)、H2O2组(应用700 μmol/L H2O2孵育24 h)、 DHF+H2O2组(以10 μmol/L DHF预处理1 h后,再加入700 μmol/L H2O2孵育24 h)、LY294002+DHF+H2O2组(首先加入10 μmol/L LY294002孵育30 min,其余处理同DHF+H2O2组)、LY294002组(加入10 μmol/L LY294002 孵育24 h)。
1.4 MTT检测细胞存活率
药物处理结束后,各组细胞吸出原有培养液,每孔加入5 g/L MTT 20 μL继续避光培养4 h,弃上清,加入DMSO 150 μL溶解蓝色的甲瓒颗粒,室温孵育10 min,用酶标仪测定570 nm波长处光密度(D),计算各组细胞存活率。细胞存活率(%)=(实验组D值/对照组D值) × 100%。实验重复6次,取其平均值。
1.5 Western blot检测p-Akt蛋白表达
各组药物处理结束后提取蛋白,测蛋白浓度,以每孔20 μg蛋白上样,用100 g/L的SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳后转移至PDVF膜。用100 g/L BSA封闭液室温封闭1 h,再分别加入p-Akt(1∶1 000)和Akt抗体(1∶1 000),4 ℃孵育过夜。TBST洗膜后以HRP标记的二抗室温孵育1 h,ECL发光剂显影。用Image J 软件对蛋白条带进行半定量分析,结果以p-Akt/Akt比值表示。实验重复3次。
1.6 统计学分析
应用GraphPad Prism 5.0软件进行统计学处理,结果以[AKx-D]±s表示,多组均数比较采用单因素方差分析,两两比较采用Turkey法。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结 果
2.1DHF对H2O2诱导H9c2心肌细胞损伤的保护作用
实验1结果显示,对照组细胞存活率为(103.0±
1.8)%,H2O2组细胞存活率降低至(54.1±5.8)%,提示H2O2诱导了氧化应激损伤。DHF+H2O2组分别加入1、5、10、20 μmol/L DHF预处理后,各组细胞存活率分别为(58.3±4.3)%、(71.3±2.9)%、(80.2±2.9)%和(71.5±4.4)%),其中5~20 μmol/L DHF预处理有保护作用,以10 μmol/L DHF作用最为显著(n=6,F=16.50,q=1.95~4.76,P<0.05)。结果表明,单纯应用20 μmol/L DHF处理细胞后(DHF组),细胞存活率和对照组相比无明显差异,可以排除DHF本身的毒性作用。
2.2 各组p-Akt蛋白表达比较
实验2结果显示,与对照组比较,H2O2能显著减少p-Akt蛋白表达((53.7±6.2)% vs (100.0±1.7)%),而DHF预处理上调了p-Akt蛋白表达水平((94.3±2.4)% vs(53.7±6.2)%),该作用可被PI3K抑制剂LY294002所阻断((67.0±3.6)% vs(94.3±2.4)%),单独使用DHF对p-Akt蛋白表达无明显影响(n=3,F=18.67,q=6.17~10.47,P<0.01)。见图1。
2.3LY294002对DHF保护作用的影响
本文实验3结果显示,对照组、H2O2组、DHF+H2O2组、LY294002+DHF+H2O2组、LY294002组的细胞存活率分别为(99.9±2.4)%、(58.8±1.6)%、(84.5±3.7)%、(64.1±1.9)%、(89.8±1.2)%。与对照组比较,H2O2组细胞存活率明显降低,该作用可被10 μmol/L DHF所拮抗,而DHF的保护作用可部分被LY294002所阻断(n=6,F=44.75,q=8.52~17.16,P<0.01)。而单独加入LY294002后,细胞存活率和对照组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05),可排除LY294002的毒性作用。
3 讨 論
氧化应激损伤造成的细胞凋亡在缺血性心脏病的病程进展中发挥重要作用。DHF是一种天然存在的黄酮类化合物,除了自由基清除作用外,也能与神经细胞膜上的TrkB受体结合,发挥神经保护和营养作用。本实验目的是探讨DHF对心肌细胞氧化应激损伤是否具有保护作用,以及可能参与的信号通路。
本文研究结果表明,DHF能明显抑制H2O2诱导的H9c2心肌细胞损伤,DHF的保护作用可能和其激活PI3K/Akt信号通路密切相关。H2O2诱导的H9c2细胞损伤机制复杂,H2O2可能通过诱导脂质过氧化、DNA损伤和蛋白质结构和功能异常,导致氧化应激损伤[5]。此外,H2O2还可通过诱导线粒体途径的凋亡以及下调Akt信号蛋白表达等[17],导致细胞不可逆的死亡。
DHF对H9c2细胞产生保护作用的可能机制是:H9c2细胞膜存在TrkB受体[18],DHF结合该受体后可能激活相关信号通路如Akt等[19]。另外,由于DHF分子结构中的两个羟基能够直接清除自由基,DHF也能提高细胞内抗氧化酶(如SOD)的活性[20],因此,DHF对H9c2细胞的保护作用可能与其抗氧化特性密切相关。
本研究观察了PI3K/Akt通路是否参与DHF的保护作用。PI3K/Akt是细胞内一条重要的信号通路,可参与细胞的生长、增殖、分化以及凋亡等活动[21-22]。PI3K可导致下游Akt磷酸化,后者通过调控下游的相关蛋白如血红素加氧酶1和Bcl-2/Bax等的表达,发挥抗氧化与抗凋亡作用[23-24]。有研究结果显示,某些抗氧化剂(如石斛兰和牛奶树碱)在H9c2细胞氧化损伤模型中,可通过激活Akt信号通路发挥重要的保护作用[25-28]。我们的前期研究也发现,DHF能够通过上调p-Akt蛋白的表达对抗6-OHDA诱导的PC12细胞损伤[29]。本研究结果显示,DHF可对抗H2O2诱导的Akt失活,并且LY294002预处理也部分拮抗DHF的保护作用,提示DHF的保护作用部分与激活PI3K/Akt信号通路有关。我们后续实验将进一步探讨DHF的保护作用机制。
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