酵母提取物对鱼糜凝胶品质的影响
2019-07-19刘钰琪陈澄陈周余小月沈硕李沛熊善柏
刘钰琪 陈澄 陈周 余小月 沈硕 李沛 熊善柏
摘 要:以冷冻鱼糜为原料,采用两段式加热方式制备鱼糜凝胶,测定添加FA02、FA28、KK02、FA31 4 种酵母提取物鱼糜凝胶的穿刺特性、质地剖面分析参数、色度、持水性、气味特征、滋味特征及感官评分,研究酵母提取物种类对鱼糜凝胶品质的影响。结果表明:在鱼糜中添加1%的酵母提取物可提高鱼糜凝胶的破断强度、凹陷深度、硬度和咀嚼性,显著改善其气味、滋味和总体可接受性,但会降低鱼糜凝胶的白度和色泽评分;感官评价、电子鼻和电子舌分析可知,添加酵母提取物可明显降低鱼糜凝胶的异味(腥味及过熟味),其中酵母提取物KK02去异味的效果最好,具有增强鱼糜凝胶鲜味、降低其酸味和咸味的作用。
关键词:酵母提取物;冷冻鱼糜;凝胶特性;持水性;风味;感官特性
Abstract: Surimi gels were prepared by from frozen silver carp surimi by two-stage heating. The effects of different types of yeast extract (FA02, FA28, KK02, FA31) on the mechanical properties (texture profile analysis and puncture test), color and water-holding capacity of the surimi gel were studied, as well as on odor characteristics, taste characteristics and sensory scores. The results showed that the addition of 1% yeast extract could improve the breaking force, penetration distance, hardness and chewiness of silver carp surimi gels, significantly improved odor, taste and sensory scores, but lowered whiteness and sensory color score. Sensory evaluation combined with the responses of electronic nose and tongue showed that yeast extract could reduce the off-flavor and warmed-over flavor of surimi gels evidently, with KK02 being more effective than any other types. KK02 also increased the umami of surimi gels, and lower sourness and saltiness.
Keywords: yeast extract; frozen surimi; gel properties; water-holding capacity; flavor; sensory characteristics
DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20190313-053
中圖分类号:TS254.5 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-8123(2019)05-0001-06
引文格式:
刘钰琪, 陈澄, 陈周, 等. 酵母提取物对鱼糜凝胶品质的影响[J]. 肉类研究, 2019, 33(5): 1-6. DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20190313-053. http://www.rlyj.net.cn
LIU Yuqi, CHEN Cheng, CHEN Zhou, et al. Effect of yeast extract on properties of surimi gel[J]. Meat Research, 2019, 33(5): 1-6. DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20190313-053. http://www.rlyj.net.cn
鱼糜制品是我国深受消费者喜爱的传统水产食品,是以鱼糜(或冷冻鱼糜)、食盐、淀粉等为原料,经擂溃、成型、加热等制得的弹性凝胶食品的总称[1-2]。凝胶性能、持水性、滋味和气味等是评价鱼糜凝胶品质的主要指标[3-4]。鱼糜在生产过程中常需经过多次漂洗,导致游离氨基酸、呈味核苷酸、呈味肽等水溶性呈味物质的大量流失[5-6],使鱼糜制品鲜味不足[7]。淡水鱼糜制品在熟化过程中还会因脂质受热氧化产生过熟味(warmed-over flavor)[8-9],鱼糜中残留的腥异味物质也会对鱼糜制品的风味品质产生不利影响[10-12],如何改善淡水鱼糜凝胶的风味是淡水鱼糜制品生产中需要解决的关键技术问题。
酵母提取物作为一种食品配料不仅含有丰富的氨基酸、肽及核苷酸等化合物[13],而且具有良好的增鲜、增香作用[14-15],已被广泛应用于食品中。然而,关于酵母提取物用于改善鱼糜制品风味、去除鱼腥味的研究尚未见报道。本研究以白鲢鱼糜为研究对象,研究酵母提取物种类对鱼糜凝胶穿刺特性、质地剖面分析(texture profile analysis,TPA)参数、色度、持水性、气味及滋味的影响,明确酵母提取物对鱼糜凝胶的去腥、增鲜作用,以期为高品质鱼糜制品的开发提供参考。