依达拉奉联合亚低温治疗重型颅脑损伤的临床效果
2019-06-20钟贤良杜波钟源波
钟贤良 杜波 钟源波
[摘要]目的 探討依达拉奉联合亚低温治疗重型颅脑损伤的临床价值。方法 选取2015年1月~2016年12月我院急诊病房及监护室收治的89例重型颅脑损伤患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法将其分为对照组(n=44)与观察组(n=45)。对照组患者采用依达拉奉治疗,观察组患者采用依达拉奉联合亚低温治疗。比较两组患者治疗前后的神经功能缺损(NIHSS)评分、格拉斯哥昏迷量表(GCS)评分、大脑中动脉血流速度(Vm)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)及氧化应激指标[超氧化物歧化酶1(SOD-1)、丙二醛(MDA)]。结果 两组患者治疗前的NIHSS评分、GCS评分、Vm比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患者治疗后的NIHSS评分均明显低于治疗前,GCS评分、Vm均明显高于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者治疗后的NIHSS评分明显低于对照组,GCS评分、Vm均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗前的TNF-α、IL-6水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患者治疗后的TNF-α、IL-6水平均明显低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者治疗后的TNF-α、IL-6水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗前的SOD-1、MDA水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患者治疗后的SOD-1水平均高于治疗前,MDA水平均低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者治疗后的SOD-1水平高于对照组,MDA水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 采用依达拉奉与亚低温联合方式治疗重型颅脑损伤患者效果显著,应用前景良好。
[关键词]依达拉奉;亚低温;重型颅脑损伤;神经功能缺损;昏迷;氧化应激
[中图分类号] R651.15 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2019)5(c)-0058-04
Clinical effect of Edaravone combined with mild hypothermia in the treatment of severe craniocerebral injury
ZHONG Xian-liang DU Bo ZHONG Yuan-bo XU Jian-zhong SHAN Ai-jun
Department of Emergency, the Second Clinical Medical College of Ji′nan University, Shenzhen People′s Hospital, Guangdong Province, Shenzhen 518020, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the clinical value of Edaravone combined with mild hypothermia in the treatment of severe craniocerebral injury. Methods A total of 89 patients with severe craniocerebral injury admitted to the emergency ward and intensive care unit of our hospital from January 2015 to December 2016 were selected as the study subjects. They were divided into the control group (n=44) and the observation group (n=45) according to the random number table method. Patients in the control group were treated with Edaravone, and patients in the observation group were treated with Edaravone combined with mild hypothermia. The neurological deficit (NIHSS) scores, Glasgow coma scale (GCS) scores, middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity (Vm), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and oxidative stress indicators [superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD-1), malondialdehyde (MDA)] were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Results There were no significant difference in NIHSS score, GCS score and Vm between the two groups before treatment (P>0.05). The NIHSS scores of the two groups after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment, the GCS scores and Vm were significantly higher than those before treatment, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The NIHSS score in the observation group after treatment was significantly lower than those in the control group, the GCS score and Vm were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). There were no significant difference in the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 between the two groups before treatment (P>0.05). The levels of TNF-α and IL-6 of the two groups after treatment were lower than those before treatment, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the observation group after treatment were lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). There were no significant difference in the levels of SOD-1 and MDA between the two groups before treatment (P>0.05). The levels of SOD-1 in the two groups after treatment were higher than those before treatment, the MDA levels were lower than those before treatment, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The level of SOD-1 in the observation group after treatment was higher than that in the control group, the MDA level was lower than that in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The combination of Edaravone and mild hypothermia in the treatment of patients with severe craniocerebral injury has the significant effect and good application prospects.
[Key words] Edaravone; Mild hypothermia; Severe craniocerebral injury; Neurological deficit; Coma; Oxidative stress
重型颅脑损伤为神经外科较为常见的一种疾病[1],其主要包含直接创伤及间接创伤两种。其中直接创伤的主要表现为挫裂伤、脑震荡等,而间接创伤则多以颅内血肿、脑水肿、颅内高压等表现为主。研究显示,间接创伤极易加剧患者脑组织损害程度,促使患者颅内压升高,进而极易引发脑疝,对患者的生命安全造成威胁[2-3]。且该病的致残率及致死率均非常高,手术是临床上治疗重型颅脑损伤的常用方式,在改善患者症状及病情方面可发挥积极作用;但术后极易遗留神经功能障碍,风险较大;为尽可能提高治疗效果,术后还需辅以有效治疗[4]。本研究中采用依达拉奉联合亚低温方式对收治的患者进行治疗,并对其应用效果进行分析,现报道如下。
1资料与方法
1.1一般资料
选取2015年1月~2016年12月我院急诊病房及监护室收治的89例重型颅脑损伤患者作为研究对象。纳入标准[5-6]:①年龄18~70岁,均符合颅脑损伤的诊断标准,均经颅脑CT确诊;②患者既往均无颅内疾病史;③患者入院时间均在伤后6 h内;④患者均对本次研究耐受。排除标准:①不愿参与研究者;②具有癫痫、颅内血管瘤、脑血管意外等疾病史者;③具有药物过敏史或对本研究不耐受者;④伴有精神疾病、严重全身系统疾病者,如心、肺、肝、肾严重功能不全者。按照随机数字表法将其分为对照组(n=44)与观察组(n=45)。对照组中,男28例,女16例;年龄25~55岁,平均(35.9±4.3)岁;血肿部位:脑挫裂伤伴硬膜下血肿20例,硬膜外血肿10例,颅内血肿8例,弥漫性轴索损伤6例。观察组中,男30例,女15例;年龄24~53岁,平均(36.2±4.5)岁;血肿部位:脑挫裂伤伴硬膜下血肿19例,硬膜外血肿11例,颅内血肿11例,弥漫性轴索损伤4例。两组患者的性别、年龄、血肿部位等一般资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。患者及家属均知晓本研究,并签署知情同意书,本研究获得我院医学伦理委员会批准许可。
1.2方法
入院后,所有患者均行常规治疗,包括营养神经、脱水、降颅内压、补液、抗感染、止血等。
对照组患者同时行依达拉奉(国药集团国瑞药业有限公司,国药准字H20080056)治疗,即将30 mg依达拉奉与100 ml 0.9%的氯化钠注射液混合,行静脉滴注治疗,2次/d,每天早晚给药,连续治疗2周。
观察组患者则在常规治疗的基础上行依达拉奉联合亚低温治疗,其中依达拉奉用药方法及用药量均与对照组相同,同时予以患者亚低温治疗,即在术后利用半导体降温毯(Cincinnati Sub-Zero Products Inc)进行全身降温,头部可采用冰帽降温;同时给予患者冬眠合剂持续静脉滴注治疗,冬眠合剂主要成分为:氯丙嗪(上海禾丰制药有限公司,国药准字H31021060)、盐酸哌替啶(宜昌人福药业有限公司,国药准字H420 22074)各100 mg、异丙嗪(广东南国药业有限公司,国药准字H44022504)50 mg、0.9% 氯化钠注射液100 ml;治疗期间严密监测患者鼓膜温度、肛温,并于5 h内逐渐控制温度在32~35℃,并维持1周,然后逐渐恢复正常温度。两组均连续治疗2周。
1.3观察指标及评价标准
①在治疗前、治疗后2周,分別以神经功能缺损程度(NIHSS)评分[7]评估两组患者神经功能缺损情况,评分为0~42分,分值与神经功能成反比,即分值越高,患者神经功能越差[5]。②以格拉斯哥昏迷量表(GCS)对患者治疗前、治疗后2周的昏迷情况进行评估,评分为3~15分,分值越高,患者昏迷程度越轻[8]。③以经颅多普勒超声对患者治疗前、治疗后2周大脑中动脉平均血流速度(Vm)进行测定,并进行比较。④对治疗前后两组患者的血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平的变化情况进行比较,两者均以酶联免疫吸附试验进行检测。⑤比较治疗前、治疗后2周,两组患者的氧化应激指标变化情况,包括超氧化物歧化酶1(SOD-1)、丙二醛(MDA),均以比色法进行测定。
1.4统计学方法
采用SPSS 20.0统计学软件进行数据分析,计量资料用均数±标准差(x±s)表示,两组间比较采用t检验;计数资料采用率表示,组间比较采用χ2检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2结果
2.1两组患者治疗前后NIHSS评分、GCS评分、Vm的比较
两组患者治疗前的NIHSS评分、GCS评分、Vm比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患者治疗后的NIHSS评分均明显低于治疗前,GCS评分、Vm均明显高于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者治疗后的NIHSS评分明显低于对照组,GCS评分、Vm均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)(表1)。
2.2两组患者治疗前后TNF-α、IL-6水平的比较
两组患者治疗前的TNF-α、IL-6水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患者治疗后的TNF-α、IL-6水平均明显低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者治疗后的TNF-α、IL-6水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)(表2)。
2.3两组患者治疗前后氧化应激指标水平的比较
两组患者治疗前的SOD-1、MDA水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患者治疗后的SOD-1水平均高于治疗前,MDA水平均低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者治疗后的SOD-1水平高于对照组,MDA水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)(表3)。
3讨论
重型颅脑损伤为临床上发生率较高的一种急危重症疾病,具有发病突然、病情危重、进展快等特点,患者脑组织多处于缺氧缺血状态,部分患者还可见脑实质损害,若不及时进行有效治疗则极易对患者生命安全造成威胁[9-10]。且颅脑创伤还可对炎性水平及氧自由基造成影响,加重创伤程度。
为尽可能改善该病的治疗效果,本研究中以不同方式对收治的患者进行了治疗,并对其应用效果进行了对比分析,结果显示,观察组患者治疗后的NIHSS评分、GCS评分、Vm、TNF-α、IL-6及各项氧化应激指标均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),提示亚低温联合依达拉奉对重症颅脑损伤患者病情的改善效果更理想。分析其原因,可能与下述几个原因有关:①依达拉奉属于新型自由基清除剂的一种,具有较好的神经保护功效;且该药物较易通过血脑屏障,对氧化酶活力有良好的抑制功效,对减少炎症因子产生、促使氧自由基浓度下降有重要作用;从而可达到减轻脑损伤、保护神经功能的效果[11-12]。②亚低温则主要是在给予患者全身降温治疗的基础上着重加强对患者头部的降温,这对降低脑组织氧耗量及代谢,减轻酸中毒有重要帮助;且该疗法还可在一定程度上对内源性毒性物质的生成及释放进行抑制,同时还可发挥血脑屏障保护作用,有利于减轻脑水肿、促使患者颅内压下降;此外,该治疗方式还可避免对患者脑细胞结构蛋白造成严重破坏,有利于促进患者脑结构及功能修复,对改善患者病情有重要意义[13-14]。③将依达拉奉与亚低温治疗联合应用于重型颅脑损伤患者的治疗中还可发挥相辅相成的作用,能够进一步降低炎性因子表达及减轻氧自由基损伤,可更好地发挥脑组织保護作用,对促进患者神经功能恢复有重要价值[15]。
综上所述,采用依达拉奉与亚低温联合方式治疗重型颅脑损伤患者效果显著,对改善患者神经功能、促进患者病情恢复有重要价值,应用前景良好。
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(收稿日期:2018-12-14 本文编辑:任秀兰)