可持续发展新路径:环境规制和技术进步
2019-05-25程广斌陈曦
程广斌 陈曦
关键词:可持续发展;环境规制;技术门槛;门槛模型
摘要:“环境保护”和“创新驱动”是聚焦高质量发展总目标下推动可持续发展的应有之义。本文基于环境规制、技术进步和可持续发展间的作用机理,采用中国大陆30个省(市、自治区)2004-2016年的省级面板数据建立动态面板模型,定性定量检验三者之间的关系。研究结果表明:就全国层面而言,恰当的环境规制能够激发企业绿色技术创新活动, 环境规制、技术进步以及二者的互动都能显著推动区域可持续发展,进而“波特假说”被证实;而就区域分组结果来看,环境规制、技术进步对可持续发展的推动并不是无条件的,在经济发展水平和创新能力总体落后于东中部的西部来说,环境规制通过将环境成本内部化,增加企业的私人经营成本,产生挤出效应,减少了企业的研发投入,不利于企业技术创新活动的开展,环境规制对需要跨越一定的技术创新门槛才能对可持续发展发挥积极的推动作用,从而“波特假说”被证伪。
中图分类号:F061.5
文献标志码:A
文章编号:10012435(2019)03006909
Abstract:Environmental protection and innovation-driven are the proper meanings of promoting sustainable development under the overall goal of focusing on high-quality development. This paper uses the provincial panel data of 2004-2016 provinces in 30 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) in mainland China, bases on the interaction mechanism between environmental regulation, technological progress and sustainable development, establishes the dynamic panel model to examine the relationship between the three qualitatively and quantitatively. The results show that :at the national level, appropriate environmental regulation can stimulate enterprises'green technological innovation activities. Environmental regulation, technological progress and their interaction can significantly promote regional sustainable development, and then the “Porter hypothesis” is confirmed. From the results of regional grouping, the promotion of environmental regulation and technological progress on sustainable development is not unconditional. As far as the level of economic development and innovation ability are generally lagging behind the western part of the eastern and central regions, environmental regulation is not conducive to the development of technological innovation activities by internalizing environmental costs, increasing the private operating costs of enterprises, resulting in crowding-out effect, reducing the R&D investment of enterprises. That is to say, environmental regulation has to cross a certain threshold of technological innovation to play a positive role in promoting sustainable development, thus the “Porter Hypothesis” has been falsified.
習近平总书记在中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会所作的《决胜全面建成小康社会,夺取新时代中国特色社会主义伟大胜利》报告中指出:“我国经济已由高速增长阶段转向高质量发展阶段。”高质量发展以科技创新为手段,以人民向往为出发点,以实现经济的可持续发展为最终目的,而发展质量的高低取决于经济社会的发展能否满足人民对美好生活的不断增长的要求,其中最为直接的就是同人民生产生活密切相关的对环境的要求。[1]继2015年1月我国开始实施史上最严格环保法后,各省份也相继出台新的地方性环境保护的规章条例提升环境规制强度,释放出加强环保力度的积极信号。环境规制作为推动经济、资源、社会可持续发展的主要政策工具,其本质是使企业排污造成的社会成本内部化,促使企业节能减排、加快技术革新,在实现环境保护的同时又推动技术的进步。在现实中,不少企业却将绿色制造视作负担,由于研发成本过高、研发能力不足等原因无法进行产品、技术、生产设备和管理方式的优化革新,环境规制和技术进步无法有机结合,甚至造成了更大的负外部性。资源环境约束和自主创新能力不强现已成为推动中国可持续发展的重要制约瓶颈,因此,厘清环境规制、技术进步与可持续发展之间的关系,有助于推动经济高质量发展。