魔幻天棚——2018年黎凡特·查德利基巴格达设计中心设计国际竞赛方案

朱文一

巴格达，一座古今交织的城市。作为人类文明源头之一，整座城及其底格里斯河早已存在于每个人的头脑中。作为当代地区战争城市之一，巴格达时常出现在全世界的新闻头条里，而作为一座名副其实的设计之都，这座城恐怕并不为很多人所知。在过去100多年时间里，赖特、文丘里等建筑大师为这座城市留下了他们的设计构想。已故伊拉克裔英国建筑大师扎哈·哈迪德出生在巴格达。这次竞赛的冠名黎凡特·查德利基，就是一位伊拉克当代建筑大师。如何在设计中呈现如此丰富的设计要素，成为设计竞赛的挑战之一。竞赛“巴格达设计中心”选址巴格达城中心一座经历战争创伤的历史遗存残垣断壁上。设计任务书要求保留建筑遗迹，特别是保存相对完整的建筑主立面墙。

朱文一工作室提交的“魔幻天棚”方案将巴格达设计中心理解为数字中心，在其中有无限量的信息可以通过数字网络与全世界交流，同时，真实地段和历史建筑本身也成为建筑师和游客汇聚的最佳场所。

第一，探索结合谷歌地球卫星地图的建筑。巴格达设计中心建筑的“主展厅”被设计为面朝天空的屋顶巨型屏幕（图1）。100m×100m的巨型屏幕可以很容易在谷歌地球卫星地图上找到和阅读。如果与谷歌地球卫星地图更新部门合作，还可以为巴格达设计制订年度展览计划。在世界各地的所有人在任何时候都可以用最便捷的方式参观巴格达设计举办的各种展览。

第二，完整保留并修缮现有历史建筑遗存特别是建筑沿街主立面，使其成为巴格达设计中心的现实形象主体。在此前提下，在废墟上设计与原建筑地面相同标高的架空地板，以及两个10m×10m的室内亭子，一个作为信息中心，另一个作为咖啡及卫生间等服务设施。所有半室外的空间都可以用于设计中心的展示与交流（图2）。

第三，魔幻天棚为沙漠气候量身定制，10,000m2巨大顶棚创造的阴凉空间使得巴格达设计中心以及4,500m2周边街区，特别是其对面奇使拉文化中心（Qishla）的1,300m2，变得凉爽宜人（图3,图4）。这样的设计充分体现了巴格达设计中心应该具有的地区特征（图5）。

第四，轻钢结构的屋顶由10根纤细钢柱支撑。魔幻天棚由6,400块1.25m×1.25m的面板组成，其中3,200块是透明的太阳能电池板。 每个面板每年产生275kW的电力。另外3,200块是LED屏幕板，电力来源于每天19:00到21:00太阳能电池板发电。此外，声学和照明系统也集成在屋顶中。

魔幻天棚方案，一种适应沙漠干热气候的建筑，也是一种智能手机小屏幕可以体验的建筑（图6），更是一种万能视角下的未来建筑新类型（图7）。

图片来源

Figure Sources

文中图片均为朱文一工作室提供

All fi gures are provided by ZHU Wenyi Atelier

FULL TEXTS TRANSLATED FROM CHINESE

The competition site is located on a building site in the center of Baghdad. The design task book requires the preservation of architectural remains, especially the main facade of the building. A proposal Magic Canopy for Baghdad Design Center, ZHUWENYI Atelier submitted, explores a new typology for the future architecture. Baghdad Design Center is designed as a digital center, named as the Magic Canopy, in which unlimited amounts of information can be accessed through digital network in distance all over the world and meanwhile the site and the historic building itself become a perfect place for architects and visitors' gathering.Firstly, a new typology of architecture combined with Google Earth Satellite Maps is introduced.The exhibitions are shown on the roof screen which consists of chessboard-like matrix of 1.25m×1.25m square LED panels and could be easily recognized from satellite maps on smartphones. People can enjoy digital exhibitions of Iraqi design works anytime besides visiting in person, which tremendously expand the audience throughout the globe.Secondly, the Magic Canopy also serves as a shading facility suitable for the Desert Climate. The 10,000 m2Magic Canopy provides about 4500 m2shading on the street, in the courtyard of Qishla,and 1300 m2shading on the Qishla rooftop, which bene fi ts the surrounding neighborhoods as a community center beside Tigris River.

Thirdly, the roof is a lightweight cross beam steel structure supported by ten steel columns. The self-sustained roof consists of 6,400 pieces of 1.25m×1.25m panels, among which 3,200 pieces are solar panels. 275kWh electricity is generated by each panel annually, which covers one LED panel's electricity usage every day from 19:00 to 21:00. Acoustic and illumination systems are also integrated in the roof.

The Proposal Magic Canopy, is a building that can be experienced through a small screen on smartphone (Figure 6); a new typology of future architecture through God‘s-Eye-View (Figure 7).

图2 / Figure 2魔幻屋顶下的半室外交流与展示空间Semi-outdoor communication space and gallery under the magic roof

图3 / Figure 3魔幻屋顶下的巴格达设计中心与周边街区Baghdad Design Center and its Context under the magic roof

图4 / Figure 4魔幻屋顶下的街道Street under the magic roof

图5 / Figure 5魔幻屋顶下的公共空间Public Spaces under the magic roof

图6 / Figure 6智能手机小屏幕上的魔幻屋顶Magic Canopy on Small Screen of Smartphone

图7 / Figure 7谷歌地球卫星地图上万能视角下的魔幻屋顶Magic Canopy on Google Earth Satellite Map through God's-Eye-View