APP下载

关于that 从句的辨析及注意事项的探讨

2019-02-19陈义

新教育论坛 2019年16期
关键词:中作指代先行

陈义

同学们,现在我们九年级的英语课程已接近尾声,还不到50天就要中考了,那么,在复习的过程中,我们将会碰到许多that 引导的句子,这些句子,我们怎样来辨析它是表语从句、宾语从句、定语从句呢?你们有正确的方法吗?为了解决这些问题,现在我们就一起来探讨探讨。

先让我们来看看这些句子:

1.The problem is that the air has been also polluted around here.(表语从句)

问题是这里的空气受到了严重的污染。

2.She said that she had seen this movie twice.(宾语从句)

她说她看过这电影两次。

3.My grandma told me that the sun rises in the east.(宾语从句)

我的奶奶告诉我太阳从东边升起。

4.I like movies that are interesting。(定语从句)

我喜欢有趣的电影。

5.This is the man that you are looking for.(定语从句)

这就是你正在找的那个人。

那么,是怎样判断这些句子是表语从句、宾语从句、定语从句的呢?这就是我们在复习的过程中必须要搞清楚的问题。首先,that 是一个引导词,起连接前后的作用,这就要我们知道that前的词是什么词,这有利于我们分析判断它属于什么从句。(1)that前的词是系动词be的各种形式,那that引导的就是表语从句;(2)that前的词是动词,那that引导的就是宾语从句;(3)that前是名词或代词,那that引导的就是定语从句。

一、That作为连词,引导名词性从句时(即宾语从句、表语从句),在从句中无具体含义,只起连接作用,而且它在从句中也不充当任何句子成分。它所引导的从句的句子结构和意义相对是完整的,而且从句一般是陈述一个事实(即陈述句)。

例如: 1.They said that they have been to Beijing twice.

他们说他们曾去过北京两次。

2.The reason he didn't come was that he was ill。

他没来的原因是他病了。

3.My mother told me that she would leave for Shanghai.

我妈妈告诉我她将要动身去上海。

在复习that引导的宾语从句是,要注意的是:当that引导的宾语从句太长时,常用it作形式宾语而把that从句放在后面。如: ①It is well—known that the earth is round.众所周知,地球是圆的。

②We find it necessary that we practice spoken English every day.我们发现每天练习英语口语很有必要。 that引导的表语从句,that不能省略。that引导的宾语从句,一般可以省去that,但在下面情况中不能省略。

1.在suggest, order等表示命令、请求、建议等动词后的宾语从句中,不能省。

2.由and或but所连接的两个引导的宾语从句时,第一个从句中的that可以省,第二个从句中的that不能省。

3.that引导的宾语从句,如果从句中还有其他状语从句,引导宾语从句的that不能省略。 Tell him that if he is at home, I will call to see him.

二、that作为关系代词,引导定语从句时,它有一定含义且充当定语从句中的一个句子成分。例如:

1.Circle the kind of pollution that Jason and Susan talk about.(that指代先行词pollution,在定语从句中作talk about的宾语)

2.Factories that burn coal also pollute the air here.(that指代先行词factories,在定语从句中作主语)

我们要注意是以下几点:

(1).定语从句中缺主语,修饰人时用who /that,修饰物时用which /that引导。

如:a. Is this the factory which /that makes TV sets? 这是制造电视机的工厂吗?

b.The man who /that visited our school is from Australia.参观我们学校的这个人来自澳大利亚。

(2).从句中缺宾语,修饰人时用 who /whom /that或省略引导词;修饰物时用which /that或省略引导词。

如:Gone are the days which /that we spent together in the village.He is the man who /whom /that I think to be worthy of our praise.

4.用that不用which的七种情况:

①先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时,只用 that不用which引导。

如:This is the best place that I have ever visited.

②先行词为little,much,all,none,few,(the)one, something,everything,nothing,anything等不定代詞时,用that引导。如: There is nothing in the world that can frighten him.

③先行词既有指人的名词又有指物的名词时,用 that引导。如:He told us about the people and the cities that he had visited.

④先行词前有any,all,no,few,every,some,little, much,(the)very,(the)only,(the)last等词修饰时,用 that引导。如: This is the very coat that I need.

⑤先行词为which时,为了避免重复,用that引导。如: Which is the book that you bought yesterday?

⑥先行词在从句中作表语时,常用that引导。如: Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be in the 1930's.

⑦当主句是There be...句型时,用that引导。 There are two tickets for the film that are for you two.

猜你喜欢

中作指代先行
爱护地球我先行
跟我说两句
A Great Artist in My Family
The Ways of Leading a Healthy Life
美国流行商店出售二手服装
定语从句考点揭秘与高分技巧
爱国婊
分析高考试题,辨别what与that
分析高考试题,辨别what与 that
蒋川先和柳大华