Harvard University

江苏丰县中学 毛 婷

Harvard University is a private university in Cambridge,Massachusetts,USA.It was established in 1636 and named after the young minister John Harvard,its first benefactor （捐助者）.Harvard is a member of the Ivy League（常春藤联盟）.Its history,influence and wealth have made it one of the most prestigious（有声望的）universities in the world.

Harvard is on the Charles River.On the other side of the Charles River is the city of Boston.Boston’s subway system has a stop at Harvard.Some of Harvard’s graduate schools are in Boston,but most of Harvard’s schools are in Cambridge.Together,these schools are Harvard University.

Established originally by the Massachusetts legislature（立法机关）,Harvard is the United States’oldest institution of higher learning.The early College primarily trained clergymen（神职人员）.By the 19th century,Harvard had emerged as the central cultural establishment among Boston elites.Harvard was a founding member of the Association of American Universities in 1900.After World WarⅡ,Harvard began to reform the curriculum （课程）and liberalize admissions.The undergraduate college became coeducational after its 1977 merger（合并）with Radcliffe College.

Harvard is a large research university.It is organized into eleven separate academic units—ten faculties and the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study.The cost of attendance is high,but the University offers generous financial aids.It operates several arts,cultural,and scientific museums,alongside the world’s largest library system,comprising 79 individual libraries with over 18 million volumes.

Harvard’s alumni（毕业生）include eight US presidents,several foreign heads of state,62 living billionaires.To date,Harvard has had some 130 Nobel winners.

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哈佛大学是一所私立大学，位于美国马萨诸塞州剑桥镇。哈佛大学创建于1636年，以它的第一个捐助者——年轻的牧师约翰·哈佛的名字命名。哈佛大学是常春藤联盟的成员。它的历史、影响力和财富使之成为世界上最负盛名的大学之一。

哈佛大学位于查尔斯河畔。查尔斯河的另一边是波士顿市。波士顿地铁系统在哈佛大学有一个地铁站。哈佛大学的一些研究生院设在波士顿，但哈佛大学的大部分学院设在剑桥，这些学院合在一起就是哈佛大学。

最初由马萨诸塞州立法机构建立的哈佛大学是美国最古老的高等学府。早期的学院主要培养神职人员。到了19世纪，哈佛大学已成为波士顿精英的核心文化机构。1900年，哈佛大学成为美国大学协会的创始成员之一。第二次世界大战后，哈佛大学开始课程改革并放宽招生。1977年与拉德克利夫学院合并后，本科院校成为男女同校。

哈佛大学是一所大型的研究型大学。它分为11个独立的学术单位——10个院系和拉德克利夫高等研究院。哈佛大学的学费很高，但这所大学提供慷慨的就学资助。哈佛大学经营着几家艺术、文化和科学博物馆，同时拥有世界上最大的图书馆系统，包括79个图书馆，藏书超过1，800万册。

哈佛大学的校友中有8位美国总统、一些外国国家元首、62个健在的亿万富翁。时至今日，哈佛大学拥有大约130位诺贝尔奖得主。