闭合复位Endobutton钢板治疗锁骨远端骨折脱位近期疗效分析
2018-11-01尤武林刘晓峰
尤武林 刘晓峰
基金项目:无锡市“科教强卫”青年医学人才资助项目(NO:RNRC011) 江苏省博士后科研资助计划(NO:1601149C)
作者简介:尤武林,主治医师,骨外科博士,博士后,研究方向:閉合复位Endobutton钢板治疗锁骨远端骨折脱位
通讯作者:刘晓峰,主任医师,教授,研究方向:创伤骨科。
【摘 要】
目的:探讨C臂机下闭合复位Endobutton钢板治疗TossyⅢ型肩锁关节脱位及Neer Ⅱ型锁骨远端骨折的临床疗效。方法: 回顾2015年6月~2017年6月收治的TossyⅢ型肩锁关节脱位和NeerⅡ型锁骨远端骨折患者46例。行闭合复位纽扣钢板内固定术,分析术后疗效。结果:术后12月随访,末次随访依据Constant-Murley行疗效评定,评分为(93. 7 ±3. 2)分,与术前的(74. 5±4. 5)分比较,差异有统计学意义(t = -71. 2,P = 0. 00)。结论: C臂机下闭合复位Endobutton钢板治疗TossyⅢ型肩锁关节脱位及NeerⅡ型锁骨远端骨折创伤小,近期疗效满意,远期疗效有待进一步随访。
【关键词】 闭合复位;肩锁关节脱位;锁骨远端骨折;纽扣钢板
【中图分类号】R181.3+2 【文献标志码】
B 【文章编号】1005-0019(2018)14-002-01
To analyze the recent effect ofEndobutton plate in treating dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint and fractures of the distal clavicle
First author: yuwulin, attending physician, doctor of bone surgery, postdoctoral fellow, research direction: closed reduction of endo button plate for treatment of distal clavicle fracture and dislocation. Department of orthopaedics, Wuxi affiliated hospital, Nanjing university of traditional Chinese medicine (Wuxi, 214071) e - mail: you Wulin 1983 @ 163.com. [ add research direction ]
Abstract Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of C-arm closed reduction and Endobutton plate in the treatment of Tossy type III acromioclavicular dislocation and Neer type II distal clavicular fracture.
Methods: 46 patients with Tossy type III acromioclavicular dislocation and Neer type II distal clavicular fracture were treated from June 2015 to June 2017. Closed reduction and internal fixation with button steel plate were performed to analyze the postoperative effect.
Results: 12 months after operation, the final follow-up was evaluated according to Constant-Murley. The score was (93.7).
Conclusion: Closed reduction and Endobutton plate under C-arm manipulation for Tossy type III acromioclavicular dislocation and Neer type II distal clavicular fracture are minimally invasive, with satisfactory short-term and long-term results to be followed up.
Key words:Closed reduction, The acromioclavicular joint dislocation, The distal clavicle fractures, Button plate
大多数锁骨远端骨折为稳定型骨折(NeerⅠ型和Neer Ⅲ型),通常保守治疗即可获得满意的疗效。然而对于不稳定型NeerⅡ型锁骨远端骨折治疗尚存在争议。非手术治疗骨折畸形愈合或不愈合率高,多数学者主张手术治疗[1-2]。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
收集我科2015年 6月- 2017年 6月收治30例急性肩锁关节脱位、16例锁骨远端骨折患者。其中男24例,女22例;年龄24~60岁,平均(38.6±1.8)岁;左侧26例,右侧20例。受伤至手术时间为手术时间在伤后3 h~6 d,平均 3.5 d。常规摄双肩应力位X线片,健患侧比较显示肩锁关节完全脱位,锁骨远端完全骨折。该研究经伦理委员会批准,患者及其家属均知情并签署了同意书。
1.2 手术方法
所有患者均采用全身麻醉,沙滩椅位,患肩垫高,从肩锁关节沿锁骨向近端作长3cm纵行切口,探查喙突尖、内外侧缘、基底部,在基底部垂直钻直径3.5 mm孔在锁骨上对应点钻直径3.5 mm孔(钻头限深,避开,避免伤及臂丛神经及腋动脉)。将锁骨远端骨折或脱位复位,克氏针临时固定。于喙突隧道正上方锁骨处及其外侧1.0~1.5cm锁骨处钻通2个锁骨隧道。选用合适长度袢的 Endobutton 钢板3枚分别固定喙突及锁骨。C臂机透视确认Endobutton钢板安放正确、肩锁关节脱位、骨折复位满意,术中活动患肢判断固定的稳定性,皮下缝合切口。(图1-4)
1.3 统计学分析
采用 SPSS 19. 0 统计软件进行分析,数据以均数±标准差表示,组间比较采用配对 t 检验。P≤0. 05 为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
所有患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合,随访患者均未出现疼痛、肩锁关节脱位、骨折不愈合、延迟愈合、关节强直等并发症。患者均获随访,随访时间12 ~ 18个月,平均15.3个月,均无再脱位及其他并发症出现。末次随访时,根据Constant-Murley[3]疗效评定,评分为 (93. 7 ± 3. 2) 分,与术前的 (74. 5 ± 4. 5) 分比较,差异有统计学意义 (t = -71. 2,P = 0. 00)。
3 讨论
Endobutton钢板技术是近年来出现的新技术,自Sreven等[4]首次报道应用Endobutton技术重建喙锁韧带。该术式作为理想的喙锁韧带静力学重建[5]的方法被广泛接受。
由于Endobutton钢板技术应用临时时间较短,应注意以下几点:锁骨钻孔的位置的选择,根据Baker等[6]多数学者临床应用经验,在锁骨前中 1/3 处钻孔较为理想。如果钻孔位置居中或者偏后,术后患者易出现向肩锁关节前半脱位状态,导致手术失败[7]。④Endobutton 钢板的袢线长度是决定术后是否发生肩锁关节半脱位的关键,学者认为锁骨的复位应当稍过度约5 mm[8-9]。
本研究也证实,Endobutton技术是治疗TossyⅢ型肩锁关节脱位及NeerⅡ型锁骨远端骨折的一种非常有效的方法,不仅能满足肩关节生物力学要求,在整个生物愈合的过程中又能维持骨折及脱位复位状态。经专家研究[10],采用Endobutton技术技术锁骨远端骨折脱位进行治疗,临床疗效为91.2%左右,而在本次研究中,对Constant评分术后明显升高,肩关节功能恢复效果优良率达到93%左右,臨床效果满意。Endobutton钢板技术不失为治疗肩锁关节骨折、脱位的一种合理的手术治疗方式。但本研究尚存在随访时间较短、样本量不够大等不足,远期疗效也有待于进一步观察。
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