163例儿童语言发育迟缓病因分析
2018-10-29何丹
何丹
【摘 要】目的:分析儿童语言发育迟缓的病因。方法:回顾性分析达州市中心医院发育与行为儿科门诊2013-2017年收治的163例2~3岁非听力障碍的语言发育迟缓患儿的临床资料。结果:163例2~3岁非听力障碍的语言发育迟缓患儿常见的病因为:(1)照养者性格内向;(2)早产、低体重;(3)1岁内就接触电视、手机等电子产品;(4)隔代人照养;(5)孕中晚期脐带绕颈;(6)新生儿窒息;(7)宫内窘迫;(8)母亲妊高症及孕期感染;(9)父母高龄。结论:降低儿童语言发育迟缓的高危因素重点是围生期保健和早期语言能力的培养,预防早产、低体重、脐带绕颈、宫内窘迫和孕母妊高症及感染、及时正确诊治新生儿窒息和生后3岁内,特别是生后2岁内早期正确培养儿童语言能力是减少儿童语言发育迟缓发生的关键。
【关键词】儿童语言发育迟缓;病因
【中图分类号】R816.92 【文献标志码】B 【文章编号】1005-0019(2018)10-009-01
Abstract Objective:The purpose of this study is to analyze the etiology of childrens language retardation. Methods: used in this study are retrospectively analyzing clinical data of 163 cases of 2-3-year children with non-hearing impaired language retardation who were admitted to Development and Behavior Outpatient Department of Pediatrics in Dazhou Central Hospital from 2013 to 2017. Results: of the study is that the common causes of non-hearing impaired language retardation in the 163 cases are as follows:(1)caretakers Introversion,(2)preterm and low weight,(3)access to such electronic products as television, mobile phones at the age of 1,(4)being taken care of by grandparents,(5)umbilical cord around neck during middle and late pregnancy,(6)Asphyxia neonatorum,(7)fetal distress,(8)pregnancy induced hypertension and pregnancy infection,(9)elder age of parents. Conclusions: of this study is that the key factors to reduce children's language retardation are health care in perinatal period and early training of language ability, prevention of premature birth, low body weight, umbilical cord around neck, intrauterine distress, and maternal pregnancy induced hypertension and infection, timely and correct diagnosis and treatment of neonatal asphyxia. Early and correct training of children's language ability in 3 years (especially in the early 2 years) after birth is the key to reduce children's language retardation.
Key words: childrens language retardation; causes of disease
儿童语言发育迟缓,是指儿童语言发育遵循正常儿童的顺序,但比正常速度要慢,未达到与其年龄相应的水平,但要除外因听力障碍导致的语言障碍[1]。在临床工作中发现,近年来因语言发育迟缓来就诊的人数呈逐年上升趋势,国外流行病学资料显示发病率高达15%[2],目前国内尚无确切的流行病学资料。儿童语言发育迟缓不仅影响语言理解及表达,同时还影响儿童的社会交往能力,阻碍正常的社会适应能力发展[3]。为了提高人口素质,研究儿童语言发育迟缓的病因和早期干预措施至关重要。现将我院收治的163例2~3岁非听力障碍语言发育迟缓患儿的病因分析如下:
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料 本组163例为我院2013-2017年收治的2~3岁非听力障碍语言发育迟缓患儿,其中男90例,女73例;农村80例,城市83例。
1.2 方法 对163例儿童语言发育迟缓患儿的病因进行回顾性分析。
2 结果
163例儿童语言发育迟缓患儿中,均有病因,見表1.
产品陪伴儿童,缺乏多儿童的早期语言交流互动,不仅影响孩子的词汇量,还影响孩子的语言表达能力。
综上所述提高人口素质、提升儿童的语言能力、学习能力和社会交往能力、降低儿童语言发育迟缓的高危因素重点是围生期保健和早期语言能力的开发培养。预防早产、低体重、脐带绕颈、宫内窘迫和孕母妊高症及感染和及时正确诊治新生儿窒息和早期丰富后天语言环境,避免哑巴式照养儿童,避免电子保姆式照养儿童,是减少儿童语言发育迟缓发生的关键。
参考文献
[1] 金星明,静进,发育与行为儿科学,.北京:人民卫生出版社,2014:407~409.
[2] 徐晓梅,魏明香,黄翠梅,等,儿童语言发育迟缓的早期干预分析,[J].中外医疗,2014,2(16):146-147.
[3] 林祥副,谭育华,等,重复经颅磁刺激联合言语训练治疗儿童语言发育迟缓的临川研究[J]中国实用医药,2016,11(7):8-10..
[4] 章依文,金星明,沈晓明,等,2~3岁儿童词汇和语法发展的多因素研究[J].中华儿科杂志中国中西医结合儿科学,2016,8(03):346-347.
[5] 于萍,儿童言语语言障碍(二)[J].中国听力语言康复科学杂志,2016,14(5):387-389.