霍乱知多少

山东省聊城市第一中学 李茜

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精彩导读

John Snow（1813～1858）首次提出预防霍乱的措施。他对1854年伦敦西部西敏市苏活区霍乱爆发的研究被认为是流行病学研究的先驱。那么，你知道什么是霍乱吗？

Cholera is a water-borne disease that is spread through polluted water and food. 1It produces an enterotoxin肠毒素 that causes a painless and watery diarrhea痢疾 that can quickly lead to severe dehydration脱水and death if treatment is not given in time.Vomiting呕吐alsotakes placein most patients.Most persons infected with cholera do not become ill,although the bacterium is present in their waste for 7～14 days.When this illness does strike,more than 90%of the time it is not severe and is difficult to tell from other types of diarrhea.2

A person may get cholera by drinking water or eating food polluted with the cholera bacterium.The disease can spread rapidly in areas without the proper treatment of drinking water.The cholera bacterium may also live in the environment in dirty rivers and coastal waters.Shellfish eaten raw have been a source of cholera. 3

Cholera can be simply and successfully treated by immediate replacement of the fluid and salts lost through diarrhea.Patients can be treated by being given a mixture of sugar and salt to be mixed with water and drunk in large amounts.4 Persons who develop severe diarrhea and vomiting in countries where cholera takes place should seek medical attentionat once.

To avoid cholera,we should eat well-cooked food instead of raw food.

读文刷题

A.Antibiotics抗生素shorten the course and decrease the severity of the illness.

B.During the 1830s and 1840s severe cholera epidemics threatened London.

C.Cholera is an illness caused by the bacterium called Vibrio cholera霍乱弧菌.

D.Therefore,the disease is not likely to spread directly from one person to another.

E.Less than 10%of sick persons develop cholera with signs of moderate or severe dehydration.

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。

阅读扫障

Ⅰ.热词积累

1.lead to导致

2.in time及时

3.take place发生

4.strikev.侵袭；爆发

5.at once立刻

Ⅱ.难句分析

1.It produces an enterotoxin that causes a painless and watery diarrhea that can quickly lead to severe dehydration and death if treatment is not given in time.它（霍乱弧菌）能产生一种无痛的、含水的痢疾。如果不能给予及时的治疗，这种痢疾能快速地导致严重的脱水和死亡。

句中that引导的均为定语从句，先行词分别为enterotoxin和diarrhea；if引导的是条件状语从句。

2.When this illness does strike,more than 90%of the time it is not severe and is difficult to tell from other types of diarrhea.当这种疾病真的爆发时，超过90%的情况下它并不剧烈，我们很难把它与其他类型的痢疾区分开来。

句中的does为助动词，在肯定句中放在实义动词前，用于强调语气，意为“确实；的确”，其变体为do和did；“it is not severe and is difficult to tell from other types of diarrhea”为“主语+be+adj.+to do”的句型，该句型中主语和动词不定式构成动宾关系，动词不定式要用主动形式表达被动含义。