做好初高中英语知识的有效衔接
2018-09-10徐珺瑛
【摘要】英语教学中高一成为学生学习的分水岭,优异者寥寥,大多数成绩偏下。究其原因,是学生在新环境下不能适应高中英语的知识跨度和学习节奏,从而产生畏难厌学情绪。要解决这一问题,做好初高中英语知识的有效衔接非常重要。
【关键词】英语;知识;衔接
【作者简介】徐珺瑛,陕西省洛南县人民政府教育督导室。
高中课本的编排充分体现了初中和高中阶段的衔接。以外研版高一教材Module 1、Module 2为例,Module 1的话题是My First Day at Senior High; Module 2的话题是My New Teachers.一物一人,都是学生熟悉的话题。阅读材料中也没有新的语法知识,只是对初中所学基本时态的复习,但词汇量加大,词形长,词义抽象。如果能在这两模块下功夫,就能让学生做好向高中英语学习的过渡。
词汇是语言的基本细胞,在它上面再怎么下功夫都不过分。老师可设计一个brainstorm:
以上图表中,由外貌到性格,到行为,到最后的结论;词形也由简单到复杂;词义由具体到抽象。也可以设计成由词汇到语法到书面表达的由易到难的学习过程。
一、词汇学习
middle,adj,中间的,age, 年龄middle→aged,adj,中年的;organize,v,组织→organised; talent n.天赋→talented,adj.有天赋的; ,experience,v/n,经验/经历→,experienced,adj,经验丰富的…。由此学生可以得出n+ed→adj,该形容词表示“有……或具有……的特点”。此时可适当普及构词法的相关知识,由此及彼。词汇学习要特别强调英语中词性的重要性。词性不同,词形也不同。以免学生写作时任何词性都拿来做主语。
二、句子练习
Activity1.要求学生以上面brainstorm活动中的词造至少8个句子(取决于上面活动中的词汇多少,越多越好)。如
1. Miss Wang is my English teacher./my English teacher is Miss Wang.
2. She is a middle-aged woman.
3. She has big eyes and long hair.
4. She is strict but very patient.
5. She is a talented and experienced teacher.
6. Her teaching method is quite different from my previous teachers.
7. She explains grammar clearly.Even I can understand .
8. I think Ill make great progress with her teaching us .
学生可能会写出各种各样的句子,选有代表性的讲解五种简单句。简单句的复习一定要强调英语中状语习惯在句末的特点。避免犯如下错误。如:我昨天买了一支笔。
I yesterday bought a pen (×)
I bought a pen yesterday.(√)
除语序外,简单句也是复习时态的好时机,也有利于后面非谓语动词的学习。在这个环节中一定要强调助动词在时态构成中的作用。因为汉语中没有助动词,学生容易犯错误。如:我以前英语学得不好。
I before not well learned English (×)
I did not learn English well before.( √)
Activity2、Activity1中的简单句稍加改变就可复习复合句(状语从句)。如:
1. She is so strict that we all are afraid of her .
2. She explains grammar so clearly that even I can understand.
3. She is such a talented and experienced teacher that Im sure well make great progress with her teaching us.
4. Im sure (that)Ill make great progress with her teaching us.
在这个活动中,一定要让学生认识到:复合句由两个或两个以上简单句由连接词(关系词)连接而成。要在学生心中留下连接词(关系词)的概念,这对于后面各种从句的学习非常重要。
Activity3.
Activity1. Activity2中的简单句和复合句稍加整合就可成为一段有叙有议的人物描写:
My English Teacher
Miss Wang is my English teacher. She is a middle-aged woman. She is patient but sometimes very strict. Her teaching method is quite different from my previous teachers. She explains grammar so clearly that even I can understand. She is such a talented and experienced teacher that Im sure well make great progress with her teaching us.
这个活动也可设计成听力练习,让学生填出所学新单词;或让学生复述,进行说的练习。
溫故而知新,向来为学习之不二法则。在高一学习开始,如能像以上做好初、高中知识的扎实衔接,定能帮助学生克服新环境下知识跨度带来的困扰,顺利进入高中阶段的学习。