中西医结合治疗对肺癌化疗后腹泻患者肠黏膜通透性的影响及疗效观察
2018-08-29丁艺卢海跃
丁艺 卢海跃
[摘要] 目的 探討中西医结合治疗对肺癌化疗后腹泻患者肠黏膜通透性的影响及疗效。 方法 选取2016年1月~2017年6月门诊或住院治疗的肺癌化疗后腹泻患者78例,随机分为中西医组和西医组。西医组患者均给予蒙脱石散口服、补液(静脉或口服)纠正水电解质酸碱平衡紊乱等西医常规治疗,中西医组在西医组治疗基础上加用加味芍药汤,两组均连用72 h。判断并比较两组治疗前后血清ET、D-乳酸和TNF-α变化情况,并比较临床效果。结果 治疗72 h后,两组血清ET、D-乳酸和TNF-α指标明显下降(P<0.05或P<0.01),且在下降程度上中西医组较西医组更显著(P<0.05);同时中西医组总有效率较西医组更高(χ2=4.52,P<0.05)。 结论 中西医结合治疗肺癌化疗后腹泻患者的效果较肯定,能显著降低血清ET、D-乳酸和TNF-α水平,保护肠黏膜屏障降低其通透性。
[关键词] 肺癌;化疗后腹泻;中西医结合;肠黏膜通透性
[中图分类号] R734.2 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701(2018)13-0126-03
Effect and efficacy of integrated Chinese and western medicine on intestinal mucosa permeability in the patients with diarrhea after chemotherapy for lung cancer
DING Yi LU Haiyue
Department of Internal Medicine, Linhai Hospital of TCM in Zhejiang Province, Linhai 317000, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effect efficacy of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine on intestinal mucosal permeability in the patients with diarrhea after chemotherapy for lung cancer. Methods From January 2016 to June 2017, 78 patients with diarrhea after chemotherapy for lung cancer who were treated in the outpatient clinic or during hospitalization were selected, and were randomly divided into integrated Chinese and western medicine group and western medicine group. The patients in the western medicine group were given montmorillonite powder, rehydration(intravenous or oral) to correct water and electrolyte acid-base balance disorders and other western conventional treatments. The integrated Chinese and western medicine group was further given modified Shaoyao Decoction on the basis of the western group. Both groups were given the dosage for 72h. The changes of serum ET, D-lactate and TNF-α before and after treatment were determined and compared between the two groups, and the clinical effect was compared. Results After 72 hours of treatment, the levels of serum ET, D-lactate and TNF-α indices in the two groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01). And in the degree of decrease, the integrated Chinese and western medicine group was more significant than the western medicine group (P<0.05); at the same time, the total effective rate in the integrated Chinese and western medicine group was higher than that in the western medicine group (χ2=4.52, P<0.05). Conclusion Integrated Chinese and western medicine in the treatment of diarrhea after chemotherapy for lung cancer has more positive effects, which can significantly reduce the serum ET, D-lactic acid and TNF-α, and protect the intestinal mucosal barrier to reduce its permeability.
[Key words] Lung cancer; Diarrhea after chemotherapy; Integrated Chinese and western medicine; Intestinal mucosal permeability
腹泻是癌症化疗后较常见的并发症,治疗较困难,如不能及时有效处理,可影响已定的化疗方案的继续实施,影响其治疗效果,甚至危及生命[1,2]。化疗后腹泻的发病机制至今国内外尚未完全阐明,研究已证实,其发病主要是由于化疗药可损伤肠黏膜的屏障功能引起其通透性异常增加,使得肠液分泌量明显增加所致,因此,保护肠黏膜屏障、降低其通透性是治疗化疗后腹泻的关键[3-5]。目前西医临床上治疗化疗后腹泻尚无特效的药物与方法,常用的药物是蒙脱石散,但临床效果均欠理想。近年来研究发现中西医结合治疗化疗后腹泻具有独特之处,能明显改善其腹泻症状,但其对肠黏膜通透性的影响国内外报道较少[6-8]。本研究观察了中西医结合治疗对肺癌化疗后腹泻患者血清肠黏膜通透性指标[内毒素(ET)、D-乳酸和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)]的影响及疗效,现报道如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 临床资料
选取肺癌化疗后腹泻患者78例,病例均来源于2016年1月~2017年6月我院门诊或住院治疗患者。纳入标准:化疗前无腹泻,化疗中或后出现腹泻,与《诊断学》中的标准相符[9]。排除标准:各种病毒、细菌引起的感染性腹泻或饮食因素腹泻。所有患者采用抛硬币法分为两组,两组病例性别构成、年龄分布和腹泻程度等一般资料比较,差异无显著性(P>0.05),具有可比性。两组一般资料比较见表1。
表1 两组一般资料比较
1.2 治疗方法
西医组患者均予以蒙脱石散(博福-益普生天津制药有限公司,规格:3 g×10包,批号150923)口服、补液(静脉或口服)纠正水电解质酸碱平衡紊乱等西医常规治疗。中西医组在西医常规治疗基础上加用加味芍药汤,药物组成:白芍、阿胶、半夏、山药、白术和槟榔各15 g,黄芩12 g,白头翁、黄连、肉豆蔻、干姜炭、诃子和木香各9 g,当归、吴茱萸、甘草和肉桂各6 g,大枣5枚,并随症进行加减,水煎取汁约400 mL,1剂/d,早晚分服。两组均连用72 h。
1.3 评价指标
判断并比较两组治疗前后血清肠黏膜通透性指标[ET、D-乳酸和TNF-α]的变化,并比较临床效果。
1.3.1 ET、D-乳酸和TNF-α檢测 抽取空腹静脉血5~8 mL,3000 r/min低温离心10 min分离出血清,将血清分装置于-70℃冰箱内待测。分别采用偶氮基质显色法、改良酶学分光光度法和酶联免疫吸附测定法测定血清ET、D-乳酸和TNF-α指标。
1.3.2 疗效判断标准[10] 显效:大便性状和频率基本恢复正常,全身症状基本消失;有效:大便性状和频率明显好转,全身症状明显改善;无效:未达上述标准。除无效均为总有效。
1.4 统计学方法
应用SPSS17.0软件进行分析,计量与计数资料分别以均数±标准差(x±s)与率表示,采用t检验与χ2检验,检验水准取α=0.05,P<0.05 代表差异具有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 两组血清ET、D-乳酸和TNF-α比较
治疗前两组血清ET、D-乳酸和TNF-α指标相接近(P>0.05)。治疗72 h后,两组血清ET、D-乳酸和TNF-α指标显著下降(t=2.37、2.44、2.31、3.18、3.47、3.26,P<0.05或P<0.01),且在下降程度上中西医组较西医组更显著(t=2.27、2.31、2.29、P<0.05)。见表2。
2.2 两组疗效分析比较
治疗72 h后,中西医组临床总有效率较西医组更高(χ2=4.52,P<0.05)。见表3。
3 讨论
化疗后腹泻的发病机制较复杂,大多数学者认为主要是由于化疗药具有细胞毒性,可破坏损伤胃肠道的黏膜层,使其上皮细胞发生凋亡和坏死性改变,严重时甚至发生上皮细胞脱落,而杯状细胞和隐窝细胞的数量反而显著上升,甚至发生非典型异常增生改变,从而破坏肠绒毛结构,使得其重吸收功能受抑制,导致小肠内分泌和吸收功能失衡紊乱,肠腔液体分泌明显增加导致引起腹泻的发生[11-13];加上化疗药可损伤胃肠道的菌群生物屏障系统,引起胃肠道菌群失调,使得肠道乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌等有益菌落数量较健康人群显著下降,而致病菌如肠球菌和大肠杆菌数量反而显著上升,从而加重腹泻症状。因此,保护肠黏膜屏障、降低其通透性是治疗化疗后腹泻的关键[14-19]。临床上对肠黏膜通透性的判断及直接测定困难较大,目前多采用间接血清指标评估,其中ET、D-乳酸和TNF-α这三个指标较常用,其中ET主要由革兰阴性细菌细胞壁的主要成分,DAO是肠黏膜绒毛细胞浆中高活性细胞内酶,TNF-α是体内主要的促炎症因子。当肠黏膜屏障受损通透性升高时,ET、D-乳酸和TNF-α大量进入血循环引起其水平显著上升[19-21]。因此,血清ET、D-乳酸和TNF-α可间接反映肠黏膜通透性。
中医认为化疗后腹泻属“泄泻”、“下痢”等范畴, 多为化疗后脾胃患者更加虚弱,水谷不化,水湿内生,湿热邪毒流注大肠,分清泌浊功能失常引起,临床治疗当以益气健脾、温肠止泻为主[22,23]。方中黄芩、黄连、白头翁苦寒泄热,燥湿止痢;半夏、干姜辛开降逆、和胃止呕;白芍、当归、阿胶、白术、山药、大枣甘温调补、益气养血,健脾和胃;木香、肉桂、槟榔调畅气机,另加吴茱萸、肉豆蔻、诃子以增温中散寒,温肠止泻之功,全方寒热互用以和阴阳,苦辛同用以开升降,补泻兼施以顾虚实,使气机调畅,升降有序,清浊归位达止泻作用[24]。本研究示治疗72 h后,在血清ET、D-乳酸和TNF-α指标下降幅度上中西医组较西医组更显著,且其临床总有效率较西医组更高,提示中西医结合治疗肺癌化疗后腹泻患者的效果明显优于单纯的西医治疗,能明显改善其腹泻症状,并能降低血清ET、D-乳酸和TNF-α指标,保护肠黏膜屏障、降低其通透性。我们推测认为中西医结合治疗肺癌化疗后腹泻患者可能通过保护肠黏膜屏障功能,降低其通透性,减少ET、D-乳酸和TNF-α释放入血,减少肠绒毛结构的破坏,使得其重吸收功能一定程度上得到恢复,减少肠液的分泌,改善其腹泻症状。
总之,中西医结合治疗肺癌化疗后腹泻患者的效果较肯定,能显著降低血清ET、D-乳酸和TNF-α指标,保护肠黏膜屏障降低其通透性。但本研究纳入的样本量相对偏少及观察时间偏短,具体的作用机制、远期疗效及安全性有待开展更多高质量、大样本长期随访深入的研究探讨。
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(收稿日期:2018-01-12)