感叹句中的what 与 how
2018-08-21安徽蒋安君
安徽 蒋安君
在英语学习的过程中,同学们常遇到感叹句引导词how和what的选用问题吧?“how修饰形容词或副词,what修饰名词”,这种说法已毋庸置疑啦!但有些同学即使知道这种用法,仍会说出类似“How interesting books they are!”的错句。因此,我们把what,how引导的感叹句归纳为下列几种类型:
1.What a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!
2.What+形容词+复数可数名词+主语+谓语!
3.What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!
4.How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!
以上的这几种句式完全正确,不过实际记忆起来难度也不算小。如果同学们能遵循下列方法确定选用感叹句用what还是how,效果会不错的!
首先确定句子的主语(句子中的be或其他谓语动词前面的第一个名词或代词就是主语),然后看主语前是否有名词。如果主语前有名词,感叹词就用what,反之则用how。例如:
①What wonderful films they are! (主语they前面有名词films,故用what。)
②How wonderful they are!(主语they前面没有名词,故用how。)
【提醒】一般情况下主语前面有单数可数名词时,选用what,然后加a或an。主语前面有复数名词或不可数名词,就直接用what;如果主语前面没有任何名词而需要直接修饰形容词、副词或动词,则用how。
上面句型1、2、3的主语前有名词,则用感叹词what,而句型4的主语前没有名词,感叹词就用how。又如:
①How I like English songs!(主语I前面没有名词,how修饰动词like。)
② What an exciting story it is!(主语it前面是单数可数名词story,用what an。)
③What honest men they are!(主语they前面是复数名词men,用what。)
【注意】many,much,few,little等表示许多或者很少的单词,必须要用how来修饰,而不能用what。例如:
①How many foreign friends she has got!她的外国朋友真多啊!
②How little money he could earn ten years ago!十年前他挣的钱太少啦!
what和how的用法口诀
这种规则在选用what或how引导感叹句时比较适用。现在我们就来认真完成这几道填空题,对此说法做一下实际验证吧!
根据句意,在空白处填入what,what a(n)或how。
1._______exciting movie it is!
2._______exciting movies they are!
3._______exciting news it is!
4._______well she sings!
【答案与解析】
1.What an 主语是it,其前面有单数可数名词movie。
2.What主语是they,其前面有复数可数名词movies。
3.Whatit是句子的主语,其前面有不可数名词news。
4.How 本句的主语为she,在该词之前没有任何名词。
【拓展】“What a/an+形容词+单数可数名词 +其他!”的感叹句,可以与“How+形容词+主语+谓语!”的感叹句相互转换。例如:
What an interesting story it is!=How interesting the story is!
【真题回练】
根据句意,从每题的各个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。
1.—Our classmates are going to Fantawild Adventure after the exam.
—______exciting idea!
【2017·白银市中考题】
A.What B.What an
C.How an D.How
2.—______shocking news!It is reported that the UK is repeatedly under terror attack.
—So it is.We should call on the people all over the world to be against terrorism.
【2017·龙东地区中考题】
A.What an B.How
C.What
3.—Volunteers from Lantian Saving Team have saved many travelers in the mountains.
—______they are!
【2016·陕西省中考题】
A.How great a man
B.How great men
C.What a great man
D.What great men
4.—______weather it is!Shall we go for a picnic?
—I can't agree more.
【2016·烟台市中考题】
A.What a good B.What good
C.How good the D.How good
5.—Aamir Khan played the part of a great father in the movie The Tale of Fatherly Love.
—______excellent actor he is!
【2017·广东省中考题】
A.What B.What a
C.What an D.How
6.—______exciting the speech about“Belt and Road”was!
—Of course!It was a really great inspiration to the world.
【2017·泰安市中考题】
A.How B.What
C.How a D.What an