被动吸烟患者细胞色素P450酶2E1的表达与七氟烷MACBAR的相关性研究
2018-06-13徐永生鲁金钢夏尊萍
徐永生 鲁金钢 夏尊萍
[摘要] 目的 检测被动吸烟患者CYP2E1的含量变化,分析其与七氟烷最低肺泡气浓度(MACBAR)值的相关性。 方法 选择2017年5月~2017年10月哈尔滨市第五医院因股骨头坏死拟全麻下行人工关节置换患者90例,通过询问患者本人烟草接触情况,并结合其血清可替宁含量,分为被动吸烟(A)组(49例)、非吸烟(B)组(41例)。采用单次刺激法测定患者七氟烷MACBAR,记录麻醉诱导前、切皮前3 min及1 min、切皮后1 min及3 min的心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)。术前1 d抽取患者晨起静脉血5 mL,离心并收集所有患者血清,检测可替宁和CYP2E1含量。 结果 A组切皮后1 min、3 min MAP平均值升高幅度大于B组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);A组七氟烷MACBAR、CYP2E1和可替宁含量高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05),A组CYP2E1含量与MACBAR呈正相关(r = 0.45,P < 0.05)。 结论 被动吸烟患者CYP2E1含量与七氟烷MACBAR值有一定相关性,提示被动吸烟者血清中CYP2E1可能对七氟烷MACBAR值有影响。
[关键词] 吸烟;七氟烷;可替宁;CYP2E1
[中图分类号] R734.2 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2018)04(a)-0072-04
[Abstract] Objective To detect the change of CYP2E1 level in passive smoking patients and analyze its correlation with Sevoflurane MACBAR value. Methods From May 2017 to October 2017, in the Fifth Hospital of Harbin City, 90 patients with femoral head necrosis underwent artificial joint replacement under general anesthesia were selected. By inquiring the patients′ own tobacco exposure and combining with the content of cotinine, the patients were divided into passive smoking group (group A, 49 cases), non-smoking group (group B, 41 cases). Sevoflurane MACBAR was measured by single stimulus. HR, MAP before induction of anesthesia, 3 min and 1 min before cutting, 1 min and 3 min after cutting were recored. On the day before surgery, 5 mL of patients′ morning venous blood was gotten, centrifuged and all patients′ sera was collected for the detection of Cotinine and CYP2E1 content. Results In group A, the increase of average MAP value at 1 min and 3 min after skin incision was greater than that of group B, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The contents of Sevoflurane MACBAR, CYP2E1 and cotinine in group A were significantly higher than those in group B (P < 0.05). The CYP2E1 level in group A was positively correlated with MACBAR (r = 0.45, P < 0.05). Conclusion The level of CYP2E1 in passive smoking is correlated with MACBAR of Sevoflurane, it suggests that CYP2E1 in serum of passive smokers may affect the Sevoflurane MACBAR value.
[Key words] Smoking; Sevoflurane; MACBAR; Cotinine; CYP2E1
有研究表明[1-2],吸煙作为一种文化现象,已融入到我国的日常生活中,众所周知吸烟可以导致心脑血管疾病、恶性肿瘤、慢性阻塞性肺疾病等多种疾病[3]。Xiao等[4]报告的被动吸烟暴露率全国调查结果为72.4%,表明被动吸烟暴露的流行现况严重,被动吸烟者在通风不良场所1 h内吸入的香烟烟雾相当于吸入1支烟的剂量,在成分上与吸烟者吸入的主流烟雾没有差别,有毒、有害物质浓度更高[5]。本研究以被动吸烟者为研究对象,分析其血清CYP2E1含量与七氟烷阻滞肾上腺素能反应的最低肺泡有效浓度(MACBAR)间的相关性,为临床麻醉提供参考。
1.1 一般资料
选择2017年5月~2017年10月哈尔滨市第五医院因股骨头坏死拟行择期人工关节置换患者90例,ASA分级Ⅰ、Ⅱ级,年龄45~60岁,汉族,体重指数22~27 kg/m2,通过询问患者本人烟草接触情况,同时结合血清可替宁含量,将其分为被动吸烟组(A组,49例,1周内超过1 d以上时间,每天超过15 min烟草烟雾接触[6])和非吸烟组(B组,41例,无主动或被动吸烟经历)。所有患者术前重要脏器功能基本正常,无酗酒及药物滥用史,无近期使用影响循环系统或交感神经递质释放的药物;排除切皮前心率(HR)小于50次/min,平均动脉压(MAP)低于50 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)需要药物处理者。本研究经医院医学伦理委员会批准,所有患者和/或家属均知情同意并签署知情同意书。
1.2 麻醉方法
患者入手术室后采用多功能监护仪监测并记录动脉血压(NIBP)、MAP、HR、心电图和血氧饱和度。同时于上肢前臂建立静脉通路,输入复方氯化钠溶液,前30 min输注速度为10 mL/(kg·h),之后以5~7 mL/(kg·h)速度输注,维持室内温度在25℃。采用快诱导气管插管静吸复合麻醉,依次缓慢静脉注射依托咪酯(江苏恩华药业股份有限公司)0.3 mg/kg、顺式阿曲库铵(上海雅培制药有限公司)0.2 mg/kg、盐酸瑞芬太尼(宜昌人福药业有限责任公司)1 μg/kg,待患者意识消失,肌松满意后行气管插管,行机械通气,调整呼吸机参數使呼气末二氧化碳保持在35~45 mmHg,潮气量8~10 mL/kg,呼吸频率10~12次/min。吸入七氟烷,达到预设呼气末浓度后在切皮前保持呼气末七氟烷浓度稳定至少20 min,期间避免给予患者任何外界干扰,然后使用切皮刺激,观察血流动力学变化。
1.3 观察指标
本实验刺激因素为手术切皮,观察结束后方作进一步手术操作。监测记录麻醉诱导前3 min(T1)、1 min(T2),切皮前3 min(T3)、1 min(T4)、切皮后1 min(T5)、3 min(T6)的HR和MAP。取T1及T2平均值为诱导前值、T3及T4平均值为基础值、T5、T6平均值为变化值。七氟烷MACBAR值采用单次刺激法检测。标本采集与测定:术前1 d采集受试者静脉血5 mL,加到含有分离胶及促凝剂的一次性采血管中,常温下1000 r/min离心10 min,取上清1 mL -70℃冰箱中保存待成批检测CYP2E1含量(CYPP4502E1定量检测试剂盒,上海蓝基生物科技有限公司),另取上清1 mL检测血清可替宁含量(可替宁酶联检测试剂盒,Immunalysis Corp)。
1.5 统计学方法
采用统计软件SPSS 17.0对数据进行分析,正态分布的计量资料以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,两组间比较采用t检验;计数资料以率表示,采用χ2检验。相关性分析采用Spearman相关系数。以P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 两组患者一般情况比较
本研究共纳入97例患者,7例因血清可替宁含量超过正常标准,退出研究。故实际纳入有效病例90例,男55例,女35例;A组、B组患者年龄、性别、身高、体重、体重指数等一般资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。见表1。
2.2 两组患者MAP和HR变化
A、B两组诱导前HR和MAP比较,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05);A组切皮后1、3 min MAP平均值升高幅度大于B组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。见表2。
2.3 两组患者七氟烷MACBAR值和血清CYP2E1、可替宁含量的相关关系
A组MACBAR及血清CYP2E1含量均高于B组,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。MACBAR值与CYP2E1表达水平经Spearman秩相关分析,A组二者呈正相关(r = 0.45,P < 0.05);B组无相关性(P > 0.05)。A组患者血清可替宁含量高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。见表3。
3 讨论
吸烟对多种麻醉镇痛药物药效有影响,如吸烟者氢可酮血浆浓度低于非吸烟者,使氢可酮需要量增加[7],丙泊酚输注时,吸烟者脑电双频谱指数(BIS)均高于非吸烟者[8]。肺功能正常患者中,吸烟者七氟烷麻醉消除时间快于不吸烟者[9] 。体内七氟烷5%~8%在肝CYP2E1酶的催化下生成六氟异丙醇和氟离子[10],吸入后数分钟在血浆中即可检测到其代谢产物,可见七氟烷体内代谢速率非常快[11]。人类肝脏中,CYP2E1浓度与七氟烷代谢程度呈正相关[12],CYP2E1含量及活性的任何改变,都将影响到七氟烷的体内代谢。动物和人体实验已证明CYP2E1能被烟草烟雾诱导,增加吸入麻醉药代谢率[13]。使用七氟烷为吸烟者麻醉时,可诱使约5%的七氟烷通过细胞色素P450途径在体内代谢[14],因此,吸烟者对七氟烷可能有较好的耐受,为了维持适当麻醉深度,相应其需要量增加,提示吸烟患者对七氟烷MACBAR影响可能与CYP2E1有关[15]。
赵丽等[16]研究表明,非吸烟者通过体内相关酶的作用已将被动地吸入的烟草烟雾转化代谢,尿液中可替宁有以下规律,主动吸烟者高于被动吸烟者,被动吸烟者高于非吸烟者。在公共场所和工作场所吸烟的限制已被证明能降低血清可替宁水平[17-18]。本研究结果显示,A组患者血清中CYP2E1含量明显高于B组。被动吸烟者暴露在香烟烟雾中同样会诱导CYP2E1并影响与其有关代谢物的生物转化。给予实验动物短时间、低剂量尼古丁,4 h后检测发现实验大鼠肝CYP2E1表达升高、活性增强[19]。烟草中含有的主要物质焦油、尼古丁和多环芳香烃类化合物能使CYP2E1的表达明显提高[20],从而改变了体内药物代谢速度,导致挥发性麻醉药的代谢率明显升高。相同手术刺激下,被动吸烟者MAP、HR波动可能增大,需要加大七氟烷吸入浓度维持血流动力学相对平稳,导致MACBAR升高。被动吸烟患者CYP2E1含量与七氟烷MACBAR值有一定相关性,提示被动吸烟者血清中CYP2E1可能对七氟烷MACBAR值有影响。以上简要叙述了被动吸烟对CYP2E1表达的影响及其与七氟烷代谢的关系,患者血清中CYP2E1含量可能是影响七氟烷MACBAR值的原因之一。
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