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基于学科核心素养的高中英语话题复习教学

2018-05-30钟颖芳

天津教育·下 2018年4期
关键词:学科文本素养

钟颖芳

问题的提出

《普通高中英语课程标准》(2017)指出高中英语课程的育人功能旨在发展学生的语言能力、文化意识、思维品质和学习能力等英语学科核心素养,落实立德树人根本任务。 程晓堂教授指出英语语言能力是基础,是其他几项能力发展的依托;文化品格是价值取向;思维品质是突破点;学习能力是必要条件。 学习任何学科都具有掌握学科知识和获得思维发展的双重价值,理想的教育是学思并重。英语是语言学科,拥有培养语言能力和思维能力的双重价值功能。

英语学科核心素养中的思维品质是人的思维个性特征,指学生通过英语学科的学习得到心智发展,是衡量一个人思维发展水平的重要指标,反映其在思维的逻辑性、批判性、创新性等方面所表现的水平和特点。黄远振教授指出学科核心素养的“核心”是思维,教与学的“核心”是思维。 《普通高中英语课程标准(实验)》两次提及“创造性思维”,三次提到“批判性思维”。 《义务·教育英语课程标准》多次提及“发展思维能力”。

英语学科核心素养中的语言能力是在社会情境中借助语言,以听、说、读、看、写等方式理解和表达意义的能力。语言能力是一个整体,培养语言能力应建立在一个整体性的语言学习活动中,教学过程中的语境设计要将一连串的活动整合起来,学生主体运用语言解决问题。

然而,笔者发现高中英语复习教学现状中存在着一些问题,包括传统的教学理念没有得到根本转变,教师关注教仍多于关注学;复习内容教学呈碎片化状态,缺乏整合,难以形成能力。因此,针对在教学实践中高中英语传统的复习教学方式和英语复习教学缺乏整合的现象,笔者反复思考:在英语学科核心素养背景下如何整合运用教材话题文本进行高三英语话题复习,培养学生的语言能力和思维能力?

研究的依據

《普通高中英语课程标准》

课程标准倡导综合性、关联性和实践性特点的英语学习活动,发展学生的多元思维。《普通高中英语课程标准》(2017)基本理念3. 实践英语学习活动观,着力提高学生学用能力。普通高中英语课程倡导指向学科核心的英语学习活动观和自主学习、合作学习、探究学习等学习方式。标准指出教师应设计具有综合性、关联性和实践性的英语学习活动,使学生通过学习理解、应用实践、迁移创新等一系列融语言、文化、思维为一体的活动,获取、阐释和评判语篇意义,表达个人观点、意图和情感态度,分析中外文化异同,发展多元思维和批判性思维,提高英语学习能力和运用能力。

“窄式阅读”理论

“窄式阅读”理论倡导教师通过话题整合发展学生语言能力与思维能力。话题复习课堂教学是基于教材话题,指导学生解读体验复习话题知识,发掘体验话题的交际意义,创设话题语言情境,结合学生的经验开展话题读后复习活动,培养学生的语言能力和思维品质。话题复习的理论依据是“窄式阅读”理论(narrow reading),输入假设和图式理论是它的理论基础。克拉申在1981年提出了窄式阅读的概念,窄式阅读指学习者通过阅读同一风格、同一主题或某位作家的多部作品来提高阅读能力的一种策略。克拉申认为教师可以采取专题性原则引入窄式阅读的方法设计教学内容。窄式阅读有利于增加学习者阅读的趣味性,使输入的语言材料既有趣又相关,有利于语言的习得与输出。因此,“窄式阅读”理论同样适用于基于教材文本阅读后的复习教学。

“文本语境”复习思路

“文本语境”复习思路指出读写结合是发展高中生语言能力和思维品质的有效途径。黄远振教授提出高三英语教学中的“文本语境”复习思路。 他指出文本语境复习法倡导教学与复习齐头并进、相互兼顾;设想把阅读课文与复习内容有机结合,侧重词汇、语法、阅读思维、读写结合;考虑用教材文本作为载体,选定阅读文本,从中梳理出复习内容,展开复习。黄远振教授还提出“读→思→言”教学模式,读即阅读,思即思考,言即表达。 言包含说和写两种言语表达技能,说或写是思维活动的产品,也是评价思维成果是否达成预期目标的环节;英语教学中以读促写、以写促读的理念是发展高中生语言能力和思维品质的有效途径。

笔者基于英语学科核心素养,侧重从培养学生的语言能力和思维品质方面在教学实践中尝试实施高中英语话题复习教学;本文以复习课Healthy Life为例探讨如何设计基于学科核心素养的高中英语话题复习教学活动。

基于学科核心素养的话题复习教学活动设计

Revision: Healthy Life以Healthy Life为话题,包括人教版Book 3 Unit 2 Healthy Eating和 Book 6 Unit 3 A Healthy Life两个单元,话题包含饮食与健康生活。随着人们生活水平的提高,人们越来越关注健康生活与饮食习惯。而学生作为祖国的未来,良好的饮食与生活习惯与健康的体魄息息相关;所以这方面的话题也是热点。这方面热点考查的话题主要涉及:a.饮食习惯;b.视力问题;c.身体问题;d.心理健康问题等。本节课两个单元的话题阅读后写作都是关于提出建议和忠告。教师深入分析教材文本与学生实际,合理整合两个单元,采用“文本语境”复习思路与读后写作的方式进行话题Healthy Life的复习教学,培养学生的英语语言能力和思维品质。

教师引导学生运用学思言的方式读、思、言三者互动协同,把话题阅读课文的复习、话题词汇、话题句型语法与话题写作结合起来,指导学生进行读后话题写作,让学生将课堂所学饮食与健康生活话题的知识融入Healthy Life话题思维写作中,从而进一步理解运用Healthy Life知识,实现以读促写的目的。笔者基于学科核心素养设计“Experience→Explore→Express”的话题复习教学与语言能力和思维品质培养读后写作活动。

Revision: Healthy Life

Language Study: Revision: Healthy Life

●Book 3 Unit 2 Healthy Eating, Reading: Come and eat here

●Book 6 Unit 3 A Healthy Life, Reading: Advice from grandad

●Topic writing: How to write a letter of advice on keeping healthy?

Teaching objectives:

●Students review words and expressions, proverbs and highlight sentences & reading passages on healthy life under the guidance of the teacher.

●Students make mind maps on healthy life under the guidance of the teacher.

●Students learn to write a letter of advice on healthy life under the guidance of the teacher.

●Students study through cooperation and handling tasks under the guidance of the teacher.

●Students develop the love of healthy life through topic revision with topic writing after reading.

Teaching emphasis and difficult points:

●Helping the students learn how to make mind maps on healthy life.

●Helping the students learn how to write a letter of advice on healthy life.

Teaching and learning methods:

Task-based approach, appreciating and applying method, co-operative method.

Teaching aids: A computer, one short movie and some pictures.

Teaching procedures and methods:

Post-reading Task 1

Enjoying and exploring

(This is to arouse students learned knowledge of healthy life.)

1. Which is important in our life? What is a healthy person? Which is healthy/unhealthy?

2. Mind maps on healthy life

(1)Students mind maps: favorite words and expressions & proverbs and highlight sentences on healthy life.

(2)Teachers favorite words and expressions & proverbs and highlight sentences on healthy life .

【設计意图】Experience(体验)

1.教师指导学生观看图片体验感悟生活中最重要的事情是健康,启发学生复习体验what is a healthy person, 学生感性思辨健康与不健康的生活方式,引起学生对自己所熟悉的健康生活话题的原有知识和情感共鸣。

2.课前学生体验复习话题Healthy Life的阅读文本,创造画出思维导图Mind maps on healthy life(Words and expressions on healthy life & Proverbs and highlight sentences on healthy life)。

3.课中部分学生展示课前自己创造画出的思维导图;学生体验欣赏部分同学优秀的思维导图;教师呈现Teachers favorite words and expressions & proverbs and highlight sentences on healthy life。

4.学生在朗读中体验有关健康生活话题的高级词汇、名言警句与话题亮点句(教师提供的或自己创造画出的思维导图中)的优美之处。

Post-reading Task 2 Revision of reading passages(Grammar filling in the blanks)

(This is to revise reading passages on healthy life to get ready for writing after reading.)

1.Revision of Reading1: Come and eat here

Wang Peng sat in his empty restaurant 1. ______ (feel) very frustrated, for people were going to another newly-opened restaurant 2. ______ only provided raw vegetables, fruit and water. What 3. _______ (amaze) him was that the food there cost more than 4. ________ in his own restaurant. After doing some research, he wrote his own sign 5. ________ (attract) customers back to his restaurant. A week 6. ________ (late), Wang Pengs restaurant was nearly full, which made Yong Hui very angry. 7. ________(have) a good conversation, 8. ________of them realized the benefits and weak points of their own restaurants and 9. _______ (think) to combine their menus and provide a balanced menu. Finally they got married, working and living together 10. _______ (happy) ever after.

Answers: feeling, which, amazed, that, to attract, later, Having had, both, thought, happily

2.Revision of Reading2: Advice from granddad (Suggestions from grandad to quit smoking)

Choose a day that is not 1._______ to quit smoking. Make a list of all the 2._______ you will get from stopping smoking. 3.__________ all your cigarettes. 4. ________ the list of benefits when you feel like smoking. Develop some other habits to keep yourself 5.________. If you feel nervous or stressed, try some 6.________ exercises like deep breathing. You can stop smoking with a friend or join a group. If necessary, ask a doctor or 7. ________for help. The most important is to keep 8. ________. Dont feel 9.________ if you have a cigarette again. Just 10. ________ again.

Answers: stressful, benefits, Throw away, Reread, busy, relaxation, chemist, trying, ashamed, try

【设计意图】Explore(探究)

学生根据话题阅读文本复习深入探究思考完成Reading: Come and eat here与Reading: Advice from grandad的话题语法填空题;学生愉悦轻松体验复习话题阅读文本,再次引起学生对自己所熟悉的健康生活话题的情感共鸣。

Post-reading Task 3 Topic writing: How to write a letter of advice on keeping healthy?

(This is to apply knowledge on healthy life to write a letter of advice on keeping healthy.)

1.Analysis of topic writing in NMET

高考关于饮食与健康生活话题书面表达如下:

2.Layout and Sentence patterns

3.Writing Task

假设你叫李华,你的好朋友王林是一位高三学生,请你写信给他就如何保持健康提供建议。请根据下面的内容给王林写一封信,1.饮食方面……2.活动方面……3.心情方面……

Reference form:

【设计意图】Express(表达)

Book 3 Unit 2 Healthy Eating & Book 6 Unit 3 A Healthy Life的写作训练都是关于how to give advice。建议信是针对某事向收信人提出建议和忠告的信件,建议信有可能是写给个人,就其遇到的问题提出自己的看法和观点;也可能是写给某个组织或机构,就改进其服务提出建议和忠告。此环节具体步骤如下:

1.学生学习了解高考关于饮食与健康生活话题书面表达;2.学生学习建议信的结构和常用的句型;3.教师呈现读后写作任务How to write a letter of advice on keeping healthy? 4.教师指导学生拓展英语思维的深度和广度,提高英语思维能力;教师指导学生运用Task 2中思维导图的高级词汇、名言警句、话题亮点句和教师提供的范文结构从饮食、活动和心情三个方面进行小组思维创新,合作思辨讨论健康的生活方式和与之相对应的不健康的生活方式;5.合作小组代表口述讨论结果,做到条理清楚、说理明白;6.学生根据小组讨论结果形成书面文字,撰写完成读后话题写作任务,后与学生教师分享。

以下是一位学生的习作:

Dear Wanglin,

Its my great honor to give you some suggestions on how to keep healthy.

Firstly, it is important to have a healthy diet.In order to keep fit, you can eat more vegetables and fruits, which are abundant in nutrients to support your body and activities. You should not eat junk food or too much fried food that is harmful to you. Secondly, it is of great significance to have good living habits. Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. Therefore, you had better not stay up too late, influencing your performance of next day. Thirdly, keeping a good mood is greatly beneficial. You can communicate more with your parents, teachers and classmates to help you reduce study pressure instead of keeping the pressure yourself.

He who has health has hope, and he who has hope has everything. The healthier you are, the more dynamic and absorbed you will be in your study. I am sure if you take my advice, you will be energetic and healthy, making great progress in study.

Yours,

Li Hua

(注:文章中的加粗詞为比较高级的话题词汇,画线部分为话题名言警句和亮点句,斜体黑体部分为对比思辨健康的生活方式和与之相对应的不健康的生活方式。)

结语

总之,基于学科核心素养的话题复习教学活动,真正体现了以语言能力和思维品质为核心,拓展学生思维的深度和广度,培养学生的创新意识和创新思维,提高学生的语言表达的能力,提高学生的思维能力,有利于培养学生的语言能力和思维品质。

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