IgG4相关性胆管炎的CT及MRI影像学特征及鉴别诊断
2018-03-08刘付燕玉
刘付+燕玉
[摘要]目的 探討IgG4相关性胆管炎(IAC)的CT及MRI影像学特征及鉴别诊断情况。方法 选取2014年1月~2017年6月我院收治的获得明确诊断的15例IAC患者作为研究对象,对患者展开CT平扫和增强扫描、MRI平扫与增强扫描,并进行磁共振胰胆管造影(MRCP)检查,对检查结果进行统计学分析,检查结束后对患者实施激素治疗,通过电话、门诊对患者进行随访,并对影像学检查资料进行评价。结果 15例患者中,10例患者接受CT平扫联合增强扫描,8例患者接受MRI平扫联合增强扫描,10例患者接受MRCP检查。CT扫描显示,肝外胆管胰腺段管壁发生明显增厚,部分患者合并出现胰上段胆管壁偏心性增厚,胆管壁呈现出渐进性强化;MRCP检查显示,肝外胆管胰腺段狭窄,少数患者表现出肝内胆管狭窄、肝外胆管胰腺段狭窄。随访结果显示,8例患者未接受类固醇治疗,3例患者治疗后复发胆管病变,造成病情加重;其余患者在接受类固醇治疗后,胆管病变均发生明显好转。结论 IgG4相关性胆管炎患者的CT、MRI影像学检查存在明显特征,可为临床诊断和鉴别诊断提供可靠的参考依据,值得关注。
[关键词]IgG4相关性胆管炎;X线计算机断层成像;磁共振成像;诊断
[中图分类号] R575.7 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2018)1(c)-0076-03
CT and MRI imaging features and differential diagnosis of IgG4-associated cholangitis
LIUFU Yan-yu
Department of Imaging,Maoming Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Guangdong Province,Maoming 525000,China
[Abstract]Objective To investigate the CT and MRI imaging features and differential diagnosis of IgG4-associated cholangitis (IAC).Methods Altogether 15 patients who were confirmedly diagnosed as IAC in our hospital from January 2014 to June 2017 were selected as the subjects.The research was underwent CT plain scan and enhanced scan,MRI scan and enhanced scan as well as Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) examination.Statistical analysis of the examination results was made and all the patients received hormone therapy after examinations.Patients were followed up via telephone and outpatient.And the imaging data were evaluated.Results Of the 15 patients,10 patients received CT plain scan and enhanced scan,8 patients received MRI plain scan and enhanced scan,and 10 patients received MRCP examination.CT scan showed obvious thickening of the pancreatic duct wall of extrahepatic bile duct.Eccentric thickening of the bile duct wall in the upper part of the pancreas was also showed in some patients with progressive enhancement in bile duct wall.MRCP examination showed extrahepatic biliary pancreatic stricture,intrahepatic bile duct stricture and extrahepatic bile duct stricture were shown in a few patients.The follow-up results showed that 8 patients did not receive steroid treatment,and 3 patients had recurrent bile duct lesions after treatment,resulting in aggravation of the disease.In the rest of the patients,the lesions of the bile duct were obviously improved after steroid treatment.Conclusion The imaging features of CT and MRI in patients with IgG4-associated cholangitis have obvious characteristics,which can provide reliable references for clinical diagnosis and differential diagnosis,it deserves attention.endprint
[Key words]IgG4-related cholangitis;X-ray computed tomography;Magnetic resonance imaging;DiagnosisIgG4相关性胆管炎(IAC)属于特殊类型硬化性胆管炎,主要特征是胆管壁大量IgG4阳性浆细胞浸润、纤维化,IgG4相关全身性疾病的胆管受累。目前临床上对IAC的发病机制还不是十分清楚,临床研究多以基因易感性、自身免疫性反应、过敏反应、分子模拟机制为主[1]。关于IAC的诊断研究提示,血清学、影像学、组织学诊断为常用的诊断方式。近几年随着影像学技术的不断提高,因其具有操作简单、结果准确等优势,临床应用越来越广泛[2]。曾有文献报道,IAC患者多存在远端胆总管狭窄的情况,患者特征性肠道造影表现以下端胆总管狭窄为主[3-6]。本研究对我院收治的IAC患者的影像学诊断资料展开了回顾性分析,分析探讨IAC患者的CT及MRI影像学特征及鉴别诊断情况,现报道如下。
1资料与方法
1.1一般资料
选取2014年1月~2017年6月我院收治的获得明确诊断的15例IAC患者作为研究对象。其中男13例,女2例;年龄35~83岁,平均(62.6±12.3)岁;临床表现黄疸者12例;实验室检查显示血清IgG4水平升高者12例。所有患者均符合日本学者于 2012 年制定的IAC诊断标准,患者自愿接受临床检查,并签署了知情同意书,本研究已经医院医学伦理委员会审核批准。
1.2方法
15例患者中,10例患者接受CT平扫联合增强扫描,8例患者接受MRI平扫联合增强扫描,10例患者接受MRCP检查。对检查结果进行统计学分析,检查结束后对患者实施激素治疗,通过电话、门诊对患者进行随访,对影像学检查资料进行评价。
CT检查:检查所需仪器为我院现有GE Light Speed多排CT扫描机,对比剂为碘海醇(350 mg I/ml,80 ml,注射流率2.5 ml/s),剂量为80 ml,注射流率为2.5 ml/s,经高压注射器自肘静脉团注,在注射开始25~35 s后,进行动脉期扫描,65~80 s后展开门静脉扫描,获得CT检查图像。扫描范围包括膈顶部至髂前上棘水平。患者屏气后进行扫描。扫描参数为:管电压为120 kV,管电流为110 mA,扫描层厚为5 mm,层间距为5 mm,采用软组织窗标准算法重建层厚为1.5 mm,层间距为1.5 mm。MRI检查:MRI检查所需仪器为我院现有GE Signa Excite HD 3.0 T超导成像仪,采用体部相控阵线圈对MRI信号进行采集。扫描序列为:①轴位抑脂LAVA Flex T1WI:TR/TE=3.5/1.5 ms;②轴位抑脂T2WI:TR/TE=5400/80 ms;③DWI序列,轴位SS-DWI-EPI:TR/TE=5000/55 ms,層厚为7 mm,层间距为1 mm。MRI动态增强扫描经轴位抑脂LAVA Flex T1WI序列进行,经MRI专用高压注射器注入对比剂,流率为2.5 ml/s,在注射对比剂后15~20、60、180、300~480 s展开动脉期、门静脉期、延迟期扫描。 MRCP检查:TR为4000 s,TE为80 ms。
患者在确诊后,多接受激素治疗,给予泼尼松龙40 mg口服,连续用药3~4周后,用药剂量逐步减量。
2结果
2.1患者的CT、MRI检查结果
①胆管狭窄:15例患者均出现了明显的胆管节段性狭窄,但是依旧能够观察到管腔,并未出现闭塞情况。14例患者管腔狭窄部位处在胆总管胰头段,1例患者管腔狭窄部位处在肝门部。②胆管壁增厚:11例患者肝内胆管呈现弥漫性增厚现象,并且胆管壁增厚与狭窄部位关系无相关性,4例患者表现出胆管壁局限性增厚。③胆管壁T2WI信号:经MRI检查发现,10例患者胆管壁呈现出T2WI低信号,5例患者表现为等信号。④胆管壁强化特征:15例患者经CT、MRI增强扫描发现,胆管壁均存在延迟期强化情况如图1所示。
2.2患者的随访结果
患者中有8例未接受类固醇治疗,3例治疗后复发胆管病变,造成病情加重。其余患者在接受类固醇治疗后,胆管病变均发生明显好转。
A B C
D E
A:初始腹部CT平扫显示,胰腺段胆管壁增厚;B、C:增强扫描动脉期、门静脉期显示,病变胆管壁向心性环状增厚,渐进性强化明显;D:初始MRCP显示为1型IgG4-SC,胰腺段胆管明显狭窄,近侧胆管扩张;E:复查胆管病变明显进展,MRCP显示为3型IgG4-SC,胰腺段、肝门区胆管显著狭窄,肝内胆管扩张加重。
3讨论
临床上IAC属于一种自身免疫异常导致的特殊类型硬化性胆管炎,中老年男性的发病率较高,临床表现以梗阻型黄疸为主[7-9]。病理研究显示,ICA以胆管壁弥漫性增厚为主要特征,大量淋巴浆细胞发生浸润、纤维化形成胆管全层硬化性炎症,并且超过90%的ICA患者会并发1型AIP[10-13]。
在对IAC患者实施CT、MRI检查时,能够观察到病变胆管壁显著增厚,管腔狭窄,近侧胆管扩张。IAC患者多会呈现出肝外胆管胰腺段狭窄,其主要原因是由于胆管壁增厚或者肿大,对胰腺造成压迫[14-16]。曾有文献报道,CT、MRI检查证实,IAC患者影像学会表现出胆管壁弥漫性不均匀增厚的现象,胆管系统管腔发生狭窄,但是并未闭塞,胆管壁增厚,与狭窄部位保持独立,此为对IAC进行诊断的一个重要影像学特征。本研究对我院收治的IAC患者的影像学诊断资料展开了回顾性分析,结果提示,CT扫描显示肝外胆管胰腺段管壁发生明显增厚,部分患者合并出现胰上段胆管壁偏心性增厚,胆管壁呈现渐进性强化;MRCP检查显示肝外胆管胰腺段狭窄,少数患者会表现出肝内胆管狭窄、肝外胆管胰腺段狭窄。这一结果与相关文献[17-19]报道结果相似。endprint
综上所述,IgG4相关性胆管炎患者的CT、MRI影像学检查存在明显特征,可为临床诊断和鉴别诊断提供可靠的参考依据,值得关注。
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(收稿日期:2017-09-18 本文编辑:闫 佩)endprint