it的句型用法全接触

2018-01-26山东刘洪贤

教学考试(高考英语) 2018年1期

山东刘洪贤

在中学英语教学中，it句型的运用具有复杂性、规律性、固定性等特点。在适宜的语境中套用it句型具有事半功倍的效果。掌握it句型用法对英语语法知识的积累、高阶学习均具有重要意义。

一、主语+ 谓语（常用的动词有：think，find，feel，make，take，believe，consider，imagine，guess 等）+it+宾语补足语（通常是形容词或名词词组）+ 不定式、动名词或从句。在该句型中，it 作形式宾语，其后的不定式、动名词、从句等是真正的宾语

He made it a good habit to get up early and do morning sports.他把早起和晨练当作一种好习惯。

She thinks it no use speaking to a person like him about that.她认为和像他那样的人谈那件事毫无用处。

No one believes it a good hobby that one plays computer games all the time. 没有人认为总是玩电脑游戏是个好的业余爱好。

二、It is(has been) + 一段时间+ since 从句。该句型意为“自⋯⋯以来已有多长时间了”或“不/ 没有⋯⋯以来已有多长时间了”

1. It has been 3 years ____ I enjoyed myself so much.

2. It was ten years since the Whites ____ (live) in China.

【答案】1. since 2. had lived

若主句的be 动词用is 或has been, since从句的谓语动词要用一般过去时；若主句动词用was, since从句的谓语动词须用过去完成时。此外，若从句的谓语动词是“非延续性”动词，则表示该动作“延续”多长时间了；若从句的动词是“延续性”动词或表示“状态”的动词，则表示该动作已“结束”多长时间了。

It is five years since I smoked. 我不吸烟（戒烟）已有五年的时间了。

It is just a week since we arrived in Beijing. 我们到达北京刚好一周。

三、It +be + 一段时间+before 从句。若主句中的be动词用了was 或 wasn’t , 意为“过/ 没过多久某人做了某事”；若主句中的be 动词用了will/won’t be , 则意为“过/没过多久以后就会发生某事”，从句用一般现在时表示将来

1. Scientists said it was five or six years ____ it was possible to test this medicine on human patients.

2. It ____ (be) quite some time before she is back again, so you don’t be too cross with her.

【答案】1.before 2. will be

四、It is up to sb. to do sth. 该句型意为“该由某人负责做某事”。可简化为 It is up to sb.

1. — What do you want to do next? We have half an hour until the basketball game is over.

— _____ is up to you. Whatever you want to do is fine with us.

2. Who is it up to____ (take) charge of the company that is run by the state?

【答案】1. It 2. to take

五、It is no wonder + that从句 / No wonder+ that从句。该句型意为“难怪某人⋯⋯”

1. It is ____ (hard) any wonder that his friend doesn’t like watching television much.

2. They are all classmates. It is no wonder ____ they should help each other with their studies.

【答案】1. hardly 2. that

六、This/ That/ It is / It was/ It will be the first（second /third...time）+that 从句。该句型意为“这是/ 那是/ 这将是某人第⋯⋯次做某事了”。若谓语动词用is，从句谓语动词用现在完成时；若谓语动词用was，从句的谓语动词须用过去完成时；若谓语动词用will be，从句的谓语动词须用一般现在时（表示将来）

1. The couple told us it was the fourth time that they ____(visit) the West Lake.

2. It will be the sixth time that they____ (work) in Tibet.

【答案】1. had visited 2. work

七、It is (high) time + that 从句。该句型意为“是/ 到某人该做某事的时候了”, 这是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气句型，that 从句常用一般过去时或should do

He said that it was high time that they ____ (help) him out of it.

【答案】helped/should help

八、it作形式主语的主语从句句型

1. It +be +形容词+主语从句。用于该句型的形容词有：necessary，essential，useless，important, good，right，natural，strange，proper，fortunate，better，probable, impossible,proper, funny，surprising，oblivious，unnecessary，wonderful等。从句谓语动词通常用“(should) +动词原形”，表示与“现在事实相反”的虚拟语气。

It is necessary that a college student ____ (master) at least a foreign language now.

【答案】master

又如：

It is important that he (should) go abroad for further study.他应该出国深造，这是很重要的。

2. It+be+过去分词+主语从句。用于该句型的过去分词有：said，thought，believed，supposed，known，reported，considered，imagined，guessed，decided，pointed，discussed，announced，estimated等。该句型译为“据说/认为/相信/报道……”。该句型可以转化为：

(1) People say /think/believe/reported ... +that从句；

(2) sb./sth. is said/thought /believed /reported ... to do sth.

Jack is said ____ (study) abroad, but I don’t know what Asian country he studied in.

【答案】to have studied

又如：

No one believes it a good hobby that one plays computer games all the time. 没有人认为总是玩电脑游戏是个好的业余爱好。

3. It + be+过去分词+主语从句。常用动词（表示主张、建议、请求、命令之类的词）的过去分词有：advised,suggested（建议）, desired, requested, proposed, ordered,command, demanded, recommended, insisted（坚决主张）等，从句谓语动词用 “(should)+动词原形”。

(1) It is desired that the teaching building ______ (repair)completely.

(2) It is suggested that the driver_____ (take) charge of the car accident.

【答案】(1) be repaired (2) take

4. It + be +少数抽象名词+主语从句。常用于该句型的抽象名词有: a pity, a shame, a fact, a question, a hope, an honor, good news等。

(1)The foreign Minister said, “____ is our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”

(2)____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language now.

【答案】(1) It (2)It

5. It + happens, follows, seems, appears, matters, worries,turns out, finds out等+that从句。

It matters a lot whether he attends the meeting or not.他是否参加此次会议至关重要。

It seemed that he had nothing to do with it.好像他与此事无关。

6. It is certain + that从句。该句型意为“必定某事将……”。certain不可换用sure。

It is certain that it is going to be a heavy rain tomorrow. 明天必定有一场大雨。

7. It’s widely acknowledged+ that从句。该句型意为“这是公认的……”。

It’s widely acknowledged that the establishment of the New Special Administrative Region of Xiong’an can effectively improve the population problem in Beijing city. 人们普遍认为，雄安新区的建立能有效改善北京市的人口问题。

8. It can be said with certainty + that从句。该句型意为“很肯定地说/可以确定地讲……”。

It can be said with certainty that our school team will win the match at last. 可以肯定地讲，我们的校队最后必定能打赢这场比赛。

It can be said with certainty that it is“an open secret”that most hospitals and doctors accept sales commissions.毫无疑问，多数医院和医生都在收取回扣，这是一个公开的秘密。

9. It goes without saying + that从句。该句型意为“不用说/不言而喻……”。

It goes without saying that exercising is the key to keep one’s health. 不用说，锻炼是一个人保持身体健康的关键。

It goes without saying that if someone has lung problems they should not smoke. 不言而喻，有肺病的人不应该吸烟。

九、It/This/That is/That was the best (worst /most...) +that 从句。该句型意为“这是/ 那是⋯⋯过的⋯⋯中最⋯⋯的了”。主句的谓语动词用is , 从句的谓语动词须用现在完成时；主句的谓语动词was, 从句的谓语动词须用过去完成时

1. It was the most interesting film that I ____ (see) for years.

2. It is the worst book that he ____ (read) in the past ten years.

【答案】1. had seen 2. has read

十、It is/was the same with sb. (sth.) / So it is/was with sb. (sth.)该句型意为“某情况也适合于另外的人或物”。若上文描述的是综合情形，且该情形也适合于另外的人或物时，常用此句型来表达。若上文情况用现在时、将来时或现在完成时，描述时用is；其他时态时须用was

1. The Smiths came to China and lived in China for many years. It _____ (be) the same with the Whites.

2. Qingdao is famous for its places of interest and its famous brands. So it _____ (be) with Shenzhen.

【答案】1. was 2. is

十一、It is/was + 被强调部分+that/who+ 其他。该句型是强调句型。当被强调的事情用现在时、完成时或将来时，be 动词用is；当被强调的事情用过去时，be 动词须用was。当强调“人”时，用that/ who。强调其他成分一律用that。有时根据需要可以加用情态动词。该句型不可用来强调谓语、表语、让步状语及比较状语

1. Was it at the air battle on June 8, 1994, which was led by Captain Johnson ____Peter lost his life?

2. I have always been honest and straight forward, and it doesn’t matter ____ it is I’m talking to.

【答案】1. that 2.who

又如：

It was at the party that they met each other, wasn’t it? 他们就是在这次聚会上认识的，是不是？

It was because he was ill that he didn’t come to school last week. 就是由于生病，他上星期没来上课。

It might be during the outing that he lost his watch. 可能就是在那次远足中他丢失了手表。

It must have been my cousin who/that you saw in the post office. 你在邮局看见的那位肯定是我表弟。

十二、It+ be + adj.+for/of +sb.+to do sth.。该句型意为“某人做某事是⋯⋯的”。其中，for 与of 的选用是难点。当该形容词是表示事物、事情的特点或特征（如：necessary, important, strange, difficult, hard, probable,easy, impossible, useless, normal, obvious, possible,likely 等）时，用介词for。当该形容词是表示人的特点或特征（如: kind, good, nice, wise, weak, clever, silly, poor,strong, foolish, rude, careless, cruel, bad, brave, careful,grateful, unwise, wrong, stupid, polite, right, honest,impolite 等）时，用介词of

1. It is not hard ____ one to do a good deed. 一个人做件好事并不难。

2. It was unwise _____him to make such a decision at last.最后他做出那样的决定并非明智之举。

【答案】1. for 2. of

【注意】用of还是用for可用下列方法判断：若该句可以转化为两个简单句，用of，否则用for。

It is brave of him to do so. →He is brave. He does so.

As for the students, it is necessary for them to learn English well.该句不可以转化为：The students are necessary. They learn English well. 因为necessary不可用来修饰人。

十三、It takes/will take/took+sb.+ some time+ to do sth.。该句型意为“某人花费⋯⋯时间做某事”

It took us two hours to finish the task.我们花了两个小时的时间才完成任务。

十四、It is no use/no good/no fun/not a great pleasuredoing sth.。该句型意为“（某人）做某事是没有用处/ 好处/乐趣的”

It is useless crying over spilled milk. 覆水难收。

十五、It only remains sb. to do sth.。该句型意为“某人所要做的只是⋯⋯”

It only remains for me to finish the work they haven’t finished. 对我来说要做的事就是完成他们没干完的活。