高考热点动词短语用法展播

四川

（作者单位：四川省会理第一中学金江书院校区）

纵观历年来的高考英语试题，笔者发现命题人十分重视对动词短语的考查。本文通过对高考试题的仔细分析和反复研究，列出了30个热点动词短语，并介绍其在高考单项填空和完形填空试题中的直接考查次数、在选项中用作干扰项出现的次数、已考义项（附高考试题）以及待考义项(附例句)，以期增强同学们的备考针对性和提高备考效率。

1.appeal to 已考义项：吸引、引起兴趣。

【考题回顾】We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or appeal to our emotions than for straight facts.（2015 •浙江卷11）

【备考建议】该短语高考考查3次；用作干扰项出现3次。待考义项：恳求、恳请。

例句：At Christmas people appealed to us to help the poor.

2.break down 已考义项：①（情绪）崩溃、垮掉 ；②消除、拆除；③机器出故障、汽车抛锚；④划分句子结构；⑤（谈判、计划）破裂或失败。

【考题回顾】①He had hoped to sell more papers tonight to make more money to buy a cake for his mother and some seeds for his bird.That was why he had bought the papers with all his money.He broke down as he thought of his failure to sell all his papers.（2015 •湖北卷34，35）

②The two countries are going to meet to break down some barriers to trade between them.（2014 •天津卷13）

③Old-fashioned phones matter when wireless networks break down in disasters.（2013 •福建卷28）

④To understand the grammar of the sentence, you must break it down into parts.（2005 •湖北卷24）

⑤News reports say peace talks between the two countries have broken down with no agreement reached.（2003 •全国卷31）

【备考建议】该短语高考考查10次；用作干扰项出现7次。待考义项：①（化学）分解；②身体衰弱。

例句：①Sugar and starch（淀粉） are broken down in the stomach.

②Peter broke down and was unable to work for a year.

3.bring out 已考义项：①使显现、使表现出；②解释、说明。

【考题回顾】①Working with the medical team in Africa has brought out the best in her as a doctor.（2017 •江苏卷25）

②Can you make a sentence to bring out the meaning of the phrase? （2002 •上海卷50）

【备考建议】该短语高考考查4次；用作干扰项出现4次。待考义项：①拿出；②生产某物；③出版。

例句：①The boy brought out his knife and cut a piece of bread in two.

②The makers are bringing out a new kind of soap.

③The band have just brought out their second album.

4.build up 已考义项：①逐步增加、积累；②增强（体质）。

【考题回顾】①Bears build up fat stores throughout the summer and fall to have energy enough to last them through their winter sleep.（2013 •浙江卷17）

②Practising Chinesekung fucan not only build up one’s strength, but also develop one’s character.（2009 •浙江卷16）

【备考建议】该短语高考考查3次；待考义项：宣扬、吹捧。

例句：The company spent a great deal of money building up its new movie.

5.come across 已考义项：偶遇。

【考题回顾】Is this your necklace, Mary? I came across it when I was cleaning the bathroom this morning.（2014 •湖北卷26）

【备考建议】该短语高考考查5次；用作干扰项出现8次。待考义项：①被理解或接受；②穿过、越过。

例句：①He spoke for a long time, but his meaning didn’t really come across.

②Be careful when you come across the street.

6.come along 已考义项：到来。

【考题回顾】Would you like to come along with us to the film tonight? （2013 •全国Ⅱ卷22）

【备考建议】该短语高考考查2次；用作干扰项出现2次。待考义项：①快点；②出现、发生；③取得进展。

例句：①Come along or we’ll miss the train.

②When the right opportunity comes along, he will take it.

③His work is coming along well.

7.come out 已考义项：①出现、出来；②出版。

【考题回顾】①As spring went and summer came,Mildred started to come out more and more often.（2014 •四川卷23）

②The dictionary is being printed and it will soon come out.（2005 •福建卷27）

【备考建议】该短语高考考查4次；用作干扰项出现6次。待考义项：（消息）传出、（真相）大白。

例句：When the news came out, everyone was shocked.

8.cut down 已考义项：削减、减少。

【考题回顾】Then I asked him if he had cut down the amount of feed he had given the chickens.（2016年10月 •浙江卷48）

【备考建议】该短语高考考查2次；用作干扰项出现3次。待考义项：砍倒。

例句：It was wrong to cut down the old tree dating back to 1893, whatever the reason is.

9.deal with 已考义项：处理、对付。

【考题回顾】Whatever failures I suffer in my life, an ironed shirt tells me I am good at something.Besides, through ironing I’ve learned the method for solving even the most troublesome problems.“Deal with wrinkles one at a time,”as Mom might have said, “and before long everything will get ironed out.”（2014 •湖南卷46，47）

例句： This is a book dealing with West Africa.

10.get over 已考义项：①克服、解决 ；②从（疾病、震惊）中恢复常态。

【考题回顾】①Team leaders must ensure that all members get over their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment associated with making mistakes.（2013 •江苏卷29）

②It was not a serious illness, and she soon got over it.（2004 •天津卷33 ）

【备考建议】该短语高考考查4次；用作干扰项出现9次。待考义项：做完或结束。

例句：I am very glad to get the examinations over.

11.get through 已考义项：①渡过难关；②打通电话；③处理、解决；④完成（工作）；⑤通过、穿过。

【考题回顾】①I was required to read one of Bernie Siegel’s books in college and was hooked on his positivity from that moment on.The stories of his unconventional ideas and the exceptional patients he wrote about were so amazing to me and had such a big impact on how I saw life from then on.Who knew that so many years later I would look to Dr.Bernie and his CDs again to get through my own cancer experience?（2015 •江苏卷36～39）

②I’ve been trying to phone Charles all evening, but there must be something wrong with the network; I can’t seem to get through.（2014 •湖北卷25）

总之从理论上讲，无论是教育学或图情学科，都已论证并确认了图书馆及对其的使用在培养人的综合素质与能力中，是不可或缺的。没有图书馆的支撑也就没有真正意义上的素质教育。

③After that, he knew he could get through any emergency by doing what he could to the best of his ability.（2010 •浙江卷12）

④Hardly could he get through this amount of work in such a short time.（2007 •天津卷5）

⑤There were a lot of people standing at the door and the small girl couldn’t get through.（2006 •全国Ⅱ卷18）

【备考建议】该短语高考考查12次；用作干扰项出现12次。待考义项：①通过（考试）；②到达某人处。

例句：①Did you get through the math exam?

②I left as soon as your message got through to me.

12.give away 已考义项：①赠送、分发；②泄露、出卖。

【考题回顾】①Before leaving America she gave away much of her furniture to friends and enjoyed letting them have the pieces they had liked.（2017 •天津春季卷11）

②Body language can give away a lot about your mood,so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.（2015 •浙江卷7）

【备考建议】该短语高考考查5次；用作干扰项出现17次。待考义项：颁发（奖品）。

例句：We will invite a famous former student to give away the prizes.

13.give up 已考义项：放弃。

【考题回顾】Hearing her coughing bitterly one night,I decided to pull her from it all.But Cathy woke me up early next morning, wearing her swimsuit ready to go! I told her she shouldn’t swim after a whole night’s coughing, but she refused to give up and insisted she go.（2016 •天津卷22～24）

【备考建议】该短语高考考查7次；用作干扰项出现16次。待考义项：①把……交给；②让与；③停止做某事。

例句：①Shall we let the thief go or give him up to the police?

②John gave up his seat to an elderly lady on the bus.

③I wish I could give up smoking.

14.go ahead 已考义项：①做吧、请便；②进步、领先。

【考题回顾】①—Could I use this dictionary?

—Just go ahead.It’s a spare one.（2014 •江西卷21）

②Though Diana met with the language barrier, she was always going ahead while at college.（2011 •福建卷49，50）

【备考建议】该短语高考考查9次；用作干扰项出现23次。待考义项：走在前面、先走。

例句：I’ll go ahead and tell them you’re on the way.

15.keep up 已考义项：①坚持、保持；②振作、使不低落。

【考题回顾】①—I get at least half an hour of exercise almost every day.

—Oh, great! Keep it up.（2014 •安徽卷35）

②Walking alone in the dark, the boy whistled to keep up his courage.（2012 •湖北卷23）

【备考建议】该短语高考考查2次；用作干扰项出现7次。待考义项：维护。

例句：How much does it cost you to keep up your large house?

16.leave behind 已考义项：①遗落、遗留；②离开。

【考题回顾】①This meant, of course, that he arrived at school early in the morning, dragging his heavy instrument case across the campus to the pitying looks of the nonmusicians he had left behind.（2017 •江苏卷52～55）

②—Are you going to have a holiday this year ?

—I’d love to.I can’t wait to leave this place behind.（2006 •江苏卷25）

【备考建议】该短语高考考查4次；用作干扰项出现1次。待考义项：忘记携带。

例句：Because I was in a great hurry, I left my coat behind in the bus.

17.look into 已考义项：①向……里看；②调查。

【考题回顾】①You begin to notice a bit of pain on your eyelid each time you blink.You look into the mirror to find a tiny red spot on the base of your lower lashes.（2017 •台湾学测卷17）

②It is reported that the police will soon look into the case of the two missing children.（2009 •江西卷30）

【备考建议】该短语高考考查3次；用作干扰项出现11次。

18.pay off 已考义项：①还清债务；②付清工资予以解雇；③得到回报、带来好的结果。

【考题回顾】①They have loans, bills, a mortgage （抵押贷款） to pay off, retirement to save for.They recognize there’s something missing in their lives, but it’s hard to step offthe track.（2015 •浙江卷35～37）

②—Dad, I don’t think Oliver the right sort of person for the job.

—I see.I’ll go right away and pay him off.（2014 •江苏卷30）

③The athlete’s years of hard training paid off when she finally won the Olympic gold medal.（2012 •安徽卷28）

【备考建议】该短语高考考查6次；用作干扰项出现2次。待考义项：贿赂。

例句：In China，it’s illegal to pay off government officials.

19.pick up 已考义项：①（车辆）载人；②捡起、拾起；③（非正式）学会、偶获。

【考题回顾】①Guy Harvold, 24, had picked up the students and three course leaders from Gatwick airport,and they were travelling to Bournemouth to meet their host families.（2017年11月 •浙江卷37，38）

②I tried picking up trash（垃圾）myself, but the job was too big.I would spend an hour or two on the job, only to find the area trashed all over again weeks later.（2012 •天津卷23）

③It’s surprising that your brother picked up Russian so quickly—he hasn’t lived there very long.（2012 •四川卷20）

【备考建议】该短语高考考查12次；用作干扰项出现9次。待考义项：①（生意、情况或身体）好转；②卷起、掀起；③接收（节目）；④使加快（速度）；⑤偶然结识；⑥（碰巧或廉价）买到；⑦聚集。

例句：①With proper measures, the economy in China is beginning to pick up again.

②Tornadoes can pick up cars, trains and even houses and put them down in the next street.

③We were able to pick up the BBC World Service.

④Soon after the train left the station, it began to pick up speed.

⑤I picked up the girl on the train and I am going to meet her again tonight.

⑥We managed to pick up some bargains at the auction.

⑦Waves are one of nature’s ways of picking up energy.

20.run into 已考义项：①陷入；②偶遇。

【考题回顾】①As I began my own personal weight program, I was filled with the fear that I would run into the same difficulties that beat me before.（2017 •天津卷28）

②If you run into any problems when you arrive at the airport, give me a ring.（2002 •上海春季卷50）

【备考建议】该短语高考考查4次；用作干扰项出现5次。待考义项：撞及（某物）。

例句：The bus got out of control and ran into a wall.

21.set aside 已考义项：①留出……专供……之用；②把……放于一边。

【考题回顾】①In much of the animal world, night is the time set aside for sleep—pure and simple.（2013 •湖北卷26）

②Einstein liked Bose’s paper so much that he set aside his own work and translated it into German.（2008 •山东卷29）

【备考建议】该短语高考考查3次；用作干扰项出现3次。待考义项：不注意、忽略。

例句：The judge set aside the decision of the lower court.

22.set down 已考义项：①写下、记下；②放下、卸下。

【考题回顾】①Ralph W.Emerson would always set down new ideas that occurred to him.（2014 •陕西卷18）

②He took a sip（一小口）of the drink.His wife also took one and then set the cup down between them.（2007 •陕西卷25）

【备考建议】该短语高考考查2次；用作干扰项出现3次。待考义项：让（乘客）下车。

例句：The bus stopped to set down an old lady.

23.set off 已考义项：出发、动身。

【考题回顾】Traditionally, college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they set off on their life journey.（2013 •安徽卷26）

【备考建议】该短语高考考查1次；用作干扰项出现10次。待考义项：①引起、使开始；②使爆炸。

例句：①The old picture set off the girl’s homesickness.

②A group of boys were setting off fireworks in the street.

24.set up 已考义项：①搭起；②建立、创立。

【考题回顾】①Kurt and his wife stayed at home, made sandwiches, set up a table in the street and gave food to the homeless.（2012 •山东卷41）

②For all these years I have been working for others.I’m hoping I’ll set up my own business someday.（2006 •江西卷34）

【备考建议】该短语高考考查7次；用作干扰项出现10次。待考义项：造成、导致。

例句：I wonder what has set up this discomfort in my throat?

25.take in 已考义项：①让……进入、收留；②欺骗。

【考题回顾】①I saw many people were having a really hard time, losing their jobs and homes.I managed to rent a big enough house to take in a handful of people.There are four of us now in the house, but over time I’ve had nine people come in and move on to other places.（2013 •江苏卷52，53）

②Don’t be taken in by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.（2007 •辽宁卷31）

【备考建议】该短语高考考查2次；用作干扰项出现8次。待考义项：①理解；②将衣服改小；③吸收、吸入。

例句：①I listened to the speech carefully, but still I couldn’t take it all in.

②This dress needs to be taken in at the waist.

③Trees take in carbon dioxide and give out oxygen.

26.take off 已考义项：①开始获得成功；②去掉、除去；③取下、脱下。

【考题回顾】①Many businesses started up by college students have taken off thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.（2016 •江苏卷30）

②People are just like apples! They are all different, but once you take off the outside, they’re pretty much the same on the inside.（2009 •陕西卷39）

③As soon as he entered the room, he took off his cap and sat down.（1986 •全国卷15）

【备考建议】该短语高考考查3次；用作干扰项出现11次。待考义项：①（飞机）起飞；②休假。

例句：①The plane took off despite the fog.

②I would like to take next Monday off to visit my elder sister in hospital.

27.take up 已考义项：①从事……作为爱好或事业；②占据（时间或空间）。

【考题回顾】①Peter will take up his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.（2015 •陕西卷25）

②We tried to find a table for seven, but they were all taken up.（2009 •安徽卷33）

【备考建议】该短语高考考查7次；用作干扰项出现12次。待考义项：①拿起；②（车辆）载人；③继续、重新开始（停顿之事或他人开始之事）。

例句：①He took up the telephone receiver and began to dial.

②The train stops here to take up some passengers and then goes fast all the way to London.

③Joan took up the story when her sister forgot the next detail.

28.turn down 已考义项：①拒绝；②关小（音量）。

【考题回顾】①Tom had to turn down the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.（2015 •天津卷10）

②And there on a well-made bed sat Amy, my new roommate, dressed neatly.Greeting me with a nod, she said in a soft voice, “Hi, you must be Cori.”Then, she turned down the music and looked over at Dad.“And of course, you’re Mr.Faber,”she said，smiling.（2000 •全国卷44～47）

【备考建议】该短语高考考查6次；用作干扰项出现9次。待考义项：调暗（灯光）。

例句：Turn down the light a little, or it will hurt your eyes.

29.turn out 已考义项：结果是、证明是。

【考题回顾】The next day, our parents sat us down in the living-room, with serious expressions on their faces.As it turned out, they had seen our wishes, now wanting to talk to us about one wish in particular—the puppy.（2017 •上海春季卷45）

【备考建议】该短语高考考查8次；用作干扰项出现16次。待考义项：生产、制造。

例句：Our new factory is turning out large quantities of goods.

30.turn up 已考义项：①到场、出现；②调大（音量）。

【考题回顾】①For a long time Gabriel didn’t want to be involved in music at all.In his first years of high school, Gabriel would look pityingly at the music students,struggling across the campus with their heavy instrument cases, turning up at school for practice hours before anyone else had to be there.（2017 •江苏卷36，37）

②I can hardly hear the radio.Would you please turn it up? （1995 •全国卷25）

【备考建议】该短语高考考查7次；用作干扰项出现12次。待考义项：使厌恶、使作呕。

例句：What you did turned me up.