新西兰Ulota germana(Mont.) Mitt.(Orthotrichaceae)的再发现

王庆华 贾 渝

(中国科学院植物研究所，系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室，北京 100093)

新西兰Ulotagermana(Mont.)Mitt.(Orthotrichaceae)的再发现

王庆华 贾 渝*

(中国科学院植物研究所，系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室，北京 100093)

Ulotagermana(Mont.) Mitt.，之前被作为U.rufula(Mitt.) A.Jaeger，仅在新西兰南岛的马尔堡区有记录，而且该种已经六十余年未被发现过。本文增加了一个新地点：尼尔森区，丹尼斯顿，靠近丹尼斯顿陡坡顶端停车区域。新西兰的Ulotagermana与该种的南美居群形态基本一致，除了叶片，雌苞叶和孢子的大小变异。这一新标本被很好地描述，特别是补充了之前研究所缺失的蒴盖和蒴帽特征。本文还提供了Ulotagermana的地理分布图以及该种与相近种的形态区别。Ulotapygmaeothecia(Müll. Hal.) Kindb.已被处理为U.luteola(Hook.f. & Wilson) Wijk & Margad.的异名且从新西兰苔藓志中排除。

藓；分类；木灵藓科；卷叶藓属；新西兰

There are totally 10 species in the genusUlotahistoricallyreported from New Zealand[1～4], including a both-Hemisphere distributed species,U.crispa(Hedw.) Brid., three Australasia endemics,U.laticiliataMalta,U.membranataMalta andU.viridisVenturi, two species disjunctively occurring in New Zealand and South America, U. luteola (Hook. f. & Wilson) Wijk & Margad. andU.germana(Mont.) Mitt., and four species endemic for New Zealand,U.belliiMalta,U.brevisetaMalta,U.novae-seelandiaeSainsbury andU.perichaetialis(Sainsbury) Goffinet.

U.lutea, reduced asU.crispaby Wang & Jia[4]recently, is the firstUlotaspecies reported from New Zealand[5], andU.viridiswas soon added in the flora of this area[6].U.crispaandU.viridisare common species in Australasia and both of them were first described from Australia[7～8]. However, not long afterward four new species from New Zealand were published[2], includingU.bellii,U.breviseta,U.laticiliataandU.membranataand the first two species are still endemic to New Zealand up to now. Sainsbury[9]contributed two new reports of New Zealand, i.e.U.rufula(Mitt.) A.Jaeger andU.pygmaeothecia(Müll. Hal.) Kindb., which were recently synonymized asU.germanaandU.luteola, respectively[10]. In his subsequently important revision, Sainsbury[3]revised and accepted nine species ofUlotain New Zealand, containing a new species,U.novae-seelandiae. However, only five of them were accepted in Fife’s checklist[11]. In 1998, Goffinet & Vitt transferredBryodixoniaperichaetialisSainsbury into the genusUlota. Until now, there are totally six accepted species distributed in New Zealand and they areU.bellii,U.crispa,U.germana,U.membranata,U.perichaetialisandU.viridis.

Ulotagermanahad not been refound in New Zealand since Sainsbury’s report[3,9]more than 60 years ago. There was only one specimen cited in his works, at Marlborough District (J.H.McMahon 836, Jan.1936, BM!) in South Island. Another specimen ofU.germanawas found from a new locality(Nelson, Denniston, near parking area at top of Denniston Incline, alt. 580 m, 41°44′ S, 171°48′ E, Fife 11134, CHR515096!) and that led us to do this paper.

Ulotagermana(Mont.) Mitt., J. Proc. Linn. Soc. 12: 190. 1869.

OrthotrichumgermanumMont., Ann. Sci. Nat.; Bot., sér. 3 4: 121. 1845. Type: Chile. “in corticibus arborum reipublicae chilensis a cl. Claude Gay. lectum” (holotype, PC0100700-01! PC0108137! isotype, BM000873134-35!).

Illustration: Fig.1:A-G & Fig.2:A-K.

Description:Plantsgreen above, brown to black below, 0.5-1.0 cm tall.Rhizoidsreddish-brown to brown, smooth, abundant at stem base. Stems usually branched.Leavesflexuose to strongly crisped when dry, erect-spreading to patent when moist, (1.8)1.9-2.0(2.1) mm long; leaf lamina lanceolate from a broad rounded base, unistratose; apex long acuminate; costa strong, ending shortly below the apex. Upper and middle laminal cells irregularly rounded, (6)8-9(11) μm, thick-walled, with 1 or 2 low papillae per cell; basal inner cells linear, elongate rectangular, vermicular, (13)20-31(43)×(3)4-5(6) μm, with thick wall, smooth; basal marginal cells often differentiated in more than 10 rows, hyaline, quadrate to rectangular, with only thickened transverse walls.

Goniautoicous. Perichaetial leaves much longer, 2.8-3.3(3.5) mm. Vaginula naked. Seta 2.6-3.3 mm. Capsules often short exserted, cylindrical when moist, strongly constricted when dry and empty, 8 furrows along the entire length, ca. 2 mm long, yellow to brown. Neck short, gradually narrowed into seta. Exothecial cells distinctly differentiated into eight bands, almost as long as urn, three to five cells wide, differentiated cells with only extremely thickened longitudinal walls. Stomata superficial, at the junction between urn and neck. Peristome double. Prostome not seen. Exostome teeth 16, usually united into 8 pairs, lanceolate, densely papillose on the outside, striate and papillose on the inside, often revolute when dry. Endostome segments 8, linear, yellowish or hyaline, smooth on the outside, finely papillose on the inside. Opercula with a medium long beak. Calyptra campanulate, usually with extremely densely long hairs. Spores spherical, finely papillose, (28)31-34(38) μm in diameter.

Ulotagermanahas its main distribution in southern part of South America, around the same latitude in New Zealand, and grows on tree trunks and branches. Currently, it occurs at two localities in South Island of New Zealand, one is Marlborough District, another is Denniston, Nelson District(Fig.3). It can be easily diagnosed by many rows(>10) of hyaline cells at leaf base, relative longer perichaetial leaves and usually short seta(≤3 mm), combined the characters of crisped leaves, strongly contracted capsules, eight linear endostome segments, densely hairy calyptra and stomata located at the transition between urn and neck. Sainsbury’s description ofU.germanafrom New Zealand in his first discovery and subsequent report (1945 & 1955) is consistent with us, although he did not find the opercula and calyptra. The plants from New Zealand generally agree well with South America populations(Fig.1-2), but some variation in several characters was still observed(Fig.4). For example, the perichaetial leaves inU.germanafrom New Zealand are somewhat smaller than those from Chile. By contraries, the average diameter of spores in New Zealand materials are slightly larger than Chilean ones and this was confirmed by Sainsbury(1955). The most significant difference between Chile and New Zealand is the leaf size, which varies in the former, mainly from 1.8-2.3 mm, while ranges from 1.9-2 mm in the latter.

Fig.3 Distribution of Ulota germana in New Zealand

Fig.4 Comparison of three characters of Ulota germana in the populations of New Zealand and Chile Sample number of each character in each country: leaf >30, perichaetial leaf >10, spore >70 For Chilean materials,at least two populations were sampled in each character.

The most closely related species toU.germanain New Zealand isU.crispa. Both species have crisped leaves, exserted capsules, linear endostome segments and large, densely hairy calyptra. ButU.crispais easily separated by the less rows of hyaline cells at leaf base, and further distinctions in larger plant, hardly differentiated perichaetial leaves and longer seta(Table 1). Although U. perichaetialis also has crisped leaves and much longer perichaetial leaves, it is fairly different fromU.germanain the larger plants, immersed capsules, single peristome and small calyptra(Table 1).

AnotherUlotaspecies disjunctively distributing in New Zealand and South America isU.luteola. It was only reported by Sainsbury[3,9], collected from Mt. Egmont (near Dawson Falls, on bark, Sainsbury 777, 16 Jan. 1935). Recently, we have examined this specimen in BM, but we only sawU.crispa, rather thanU.luteola, and that may be the reason why Fife treatedU.luteolaasU.crispain his checklist[11]. Actually, inU.crispa, its leaves are strongly crisped when dry and have 3-6 rows of hyaline cells at the margin of leaf base, while inU.luteolaits leaves are non-crisped when dry and few rows(≤3) differentiated cells at leaf base. Currently, we have not found any other specimens belonging toU.luteolaand thus we temperately excluded this name from the flora of New Zealand.

Specimensexamined:

U.germana: New Zealand.SouthIsland. Marlborough: no locality, McMahon 836(BM s.n.). Nelson: Denniston, near parking area at top of Denniston Incline, alt. 580 m, 41°44′ S, 171°48′ E, Fife 11134(CHR515096).

Note:All these data based on the materials from New Zealand.

Specimens from South America: Chile. Arauco: San Alfonso, 25 km E of Antiguala, ca. 770 m, 73°10′W, 37°42′S, Ireland & Bellolio 33745 (MO5917368); Aisén: Río Exploradores, T. Seki 2/32-61 (H3151091-92); Chiloé: Depto. Ancud. Puntra, Sparre 4150 (S-B177764); Llanquihue: Rio Puelo, Sparre 4318 (S-B177718); Talca: San Rafael, M. Gusinde s.n. (S-B177758-62); Valdivia: no detail locality, Hahn s.n. (H4334010), Hahn 41 (S-B177721); Valparaíso: Masafuera, C. Skottsberg M124(1) (S-B177719).

U.perichaetialis: New Zealand.NorthIsland. Taranaki: Monganui Hut on Mt Egmont, 4350 ft, Hodgson s.n. (CHR579771).SouthIsland. Canterbury: Arthurs Pass National Park, Pegleg Creek, 171°33′E, 42°54′S, 840-875 m, Fife 7409(CHR406532); along track to Walker Pass, upper Hawdon River, Cass-Canterbury, Visch 2617(CHR573772). Nelson: Scarlett Range, Shelter Rock Basin, Fife 8083(CHR436818). West Coast: Grey County, Paparoa Mountains, 990 m, Fife 5452(CHR320778).

U.crispa: New Zealand.NorthIsland. Taranaki: Mt. Egmont, Sainsbury 777(BM s.n. asU.pygmaeothecia).

AcknowledgementsWe thank the curators at BM, CHR, H, MICH, NY, PC and S for the loans of specimens that made this work possible.

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2.Malta N.A survey of the Australasian species ofUlota[J].Acta Horti Botanici,Universitatis Latviensis,1933,7:1-24.

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National Natural Science Foundation of China(31400188)

introduction：WANG Qing-Hua(1982—),female,researcher assistant,focus on taxonomy and evolution of bryophytes.

date:2017-07-31

RediscoveryofUlotagermana(Mont.)Mitt.(Orthotrichaceae)InNewZealand

WANG Qing-Hua JIA Yu*

(State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093)

Ulotagermana(Mont.) Mitt., formly asU.rufula(Mitt.) A.Jaeger, was recorded from only Marlborough District of South Island in New Zealand and it has not been refound for more than 60 years. A new locality is added here: Nelson, Denniston, near parking area at top of Denniston Incline. The plants from New Zealand agree well with those from South America except some variation in the size of leaves, perichaetial leaves and spores. This new specimen is well described, especially the opercula and calyptra not seen in previous works, the distribution is mapped and its distinction from other close species is discussed here.Ulotaluteola(Hook.f. & Wilson) Wijk & Margad., formly asU.pygmaeothecia(Müll. Hal.) Kindb. is excluded from the moss flora of New Zealand.

mosses;taxonomy;Orthotrichaceae;Ulota;New Zealand

国家自然科学基金(31400188)

王庆华(1982—)，女，助理研究员，主要从事苔藓植物分类与进化学研究。

* 通信作者：E-mail:yjia@ibcas.ac.cn

2017-07-31

* Corresponding author：E-mail:yjia@ibcas.ac.cn

Q949.35

A

10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2018.01.001