异位降结肠乙状结肠的直肠癌患者行右侧乙状结肠永久造口一例
2017-09-29高玉熙胡继霖王东升卢云
高玉熙 胡继霖 王东升 卢云
·病例报道·
异位降结肠乙状结肠的直肠癌患者行右侧乙状结肠永久造口一例
高玉熙 胡继霖 王东升 卢云
大部分人降结肠乙状结肠位于腹腔左侧,但少部分人因生理发育异常会出现降结肠乙状结肠异位于腹腔右侧。本例异位降结肠乙状结肠的患者因直肠恶性肿瘤行腹会阴联合直肠癌根治术,术中行右侧乙状结肠永久造口。本文就此例患者治疗体会报道如下。
直肠肿瘤; 降结肠; 乙状结肠; 乙状结肠永久造口
正常降结肠及乙状结肠位于腹腔左侧,但少部分人因胚胎发育过程中肠扭转不良,会造成生理性的降结肠及乙状结肠异位。近期收治右位降结肠、乙状结肠的低位直肠癌患者行右下腹乙状结肠永久造口1例,报道如下。
一、临床资料
(一)病例介绍
患者老年男性,因“大便带血1年”入院。无恶心、呕吐,无腹痛、腹胀,无腹泻、便秘等不适,期间未行相关治疗。肛诊示:(胸膝位)进指2 cm,于直肠后壁可触及一大小约1.0 cm×1.0 cm大小息肉型肿物,活动度尚可,无压痛,肠腔无狭窄,进指无困难,指套无染血。电子结肠镜检查示:直肠近肛门口见一不规则肿物,表面凹凸不平,边界不规则,活检质软,易出血。病理学检查示:(直肠近肛门口)高级别上皮内瘤变。部分区域腺体结构紊乱,核异型明显,意见为癌变-腺癌(中分化)。既往因化脓性阑尾炎行阑尾切除术。临床以“直肠恶性肿瘤”收入院,完善术前相关准备后,行腹会阴联合直肠癌根治(abdominalperineal resection,APR)+乙状结肠造口术。术后患者恢复可。
(二)术中所见
取下腹正中绕脐切口,探查肝脏、腹膜未见转移,腹腔内未见明显腹水。肿瘤位于盆腔内无法探及。腹腔内肠粘连严重,松解肠粘连见盲肠、升结肠及部分横结肠位置基本正常。降结肠位于腹腔右侧,居于升结肠的后外方,与升结肠一起固定于腹后壁下行,于右髂前上棘水平向左移行为乙状结肠(图1)。术中诊断为直肠癌并出血。行腹会阴联合直肠癌根治术(APR)。肿瘤切除后,因粘连较重,游离降结肠及乙状降结肠会造成广泛肠管损伤,遂顺异位降结肠乙状结肠走行趋势于右下腹行乙状结肠永久性造口(图2)。
二、讨论
降结肠为腹膜间位器官,部分被腹膜覆盖,始于结肠左曲,沿腹腔左外侧后壁下行,于左髂嵴水平续于乙状结肠。乙状结肠为腹膜内位器官,完全为腹膜所包裹,自左髂嵴水平起自降结肠至第3骶椎续于直肠。乙状结肠的位置和长度在大肠中是最容易发生变化的部位,但降结肠的位置变异较为少见。乙状结肠和降结肠同时异位的情况更为少见[1-2]。
降结肠、乙状结肠异位属于不完全内脏转为,正常胚胎第10周时,中肠袢退回腹腔,由中肠头支形成的空回肠首先进入腹腔,原位于腹腔中部的后肠被推向左侧,发育为降结肠和乙状结肠,所以正常的降结肠、乙状结肠应位于左侧。本例右位降结肠、乙状结肠可能是由于胚胎过程中肠扭转不良所致[3]。这种生理性的内脏不全异位将会增加内疝、肠梗阻、肠扭转等疾病的发生率[4-7]。
图1 右位降结肠、乙状结肠示意图 图2 右下腹乙状结肠永久性造口
了解此种异位,对于外科医生尤其是胃肠外科医生在临床疾病的诊断及手术治疗方案的制定方面有重要意义[8]。结合本案例,患者因行会阴联合直肠癌根治(APR)术式需行乙状结肠永久性造口,一般于左下腹部造口,但患者因既往化脓性阑尾炎术后造成腹腔内肠粘连严重,如强行游离降结肠、乙状结肠会造成较广泛的肠壁损伤,增加术后并发症的发生,这不符合快速康复外科理论的要求[9],遂顺降结肠、乙状结肠走形趋势于右下腹行乙状结肠永久性造口。同时参照此案例,外科医生需形成灵活的诊疗思路,根据不同的临床特点制定最精准的治疗方案。
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Right side sigmoid colostomy of the ectopic descending colon and sigmoid colon: A case report
Gao YuXi, Hu JiLin, Wang DongSheng, Lu Yun.
Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Computer Assisted Surgery,Shandong 266000, China
Correspondence author: Lu Yun, Email: cloudylucn@126.com
Most of the descending colon and sigmoid colon were located on the left side of the abdominal cavity. However, a small number of people due to abnormal development of the descending colon and sigmoid colon were located on the right side of the abdominal cavity. In this case, patients with ectopic descending colon and sigmoid colon were treated by radical resection of rectal cancer with rectal cancer.During surgery, the patient underwent a right sigmoid colostomy.
Rectal neoplasms; Descending colon; Sigmiod colon; Sigmoid colostomy
2016-12-29)
(本文编辑:杨明)
10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-3224.2017.05.017
266000 山东,青岛大学、青岛大学附属医院普外科、山东省数字医学与计算机辅助手术重点实验室
卢云,Email:cloudylucn@126.com
高玉熙, 胡继霖, 王东升, 等. 异位降结肠乙状结肠的直肠癌患者行右侧乙状结肠永久造口一例[J/CD]. 中华结直肠疾病电子杂志, 2017, 6(5): 433-434.