那些课本里暗示我们的词汇记忆法
2017-09-27南美兰
南美兰
【摘要】英语《新课标》对英语教学中的词汇板块提出了更高的要求,足见词汇学习的重要性。但是,学生们在记忆时,方法不当,事倍功半,叫苦不迭。在多年研教课本的基础上,本文就如何高效记忆词汇做了归纳总结,提出了五种词汇记忆法。
【关键词】高中课本 词汇记忆 英语学习 能力提升
【分类号】G633.41
自从英语《新课标》颁布以来,英语教学便有了更加清晰的指针与方向。其中专门对词汇板块做出了更新更高的要求,正如语言学家Wikins所言,without vocabulary ,nothing can be conveyed ,足见词汇在语言教学中的重要地位。
可是,在多年的教学中,我发现好多学生都知道词汇记忆是英语学习的核心组成,至关重要,只是学不得法,他们孤立地死记硬背单词,机械地重复,不找规律,也找不到规律,所记的单词犹如一盘散沙,很难在头脑里储存和再现。如此,事倍功半,他们丧失了学英语的热情,常常叫苦连迭:英语词汇太难记了!太难掌握了!
由此可见,掌握科学的方法以提高单词学习记忆效率,从而较高质量地扩大词汇量,就显得尤为重要。那么,有没有记忆词汇的高效方法呢?我在多年的教学中发现,只要熟悉深挖课本,英语词汇记忆方法,悟来全不费工夫。下面,就让我来扒一扒那些课本上暗示我们的词汇记忆法。
一、英英双解记忆法。
仔细翻看一下高中课本,在learning about language部分,第一个练习题都是find the word or expression for each of the following meanings from the text,这一练习题旨在训练学生学着用简单的英语解释单词和短语,旨在训练学生养成勤查词典,提高英语语感,培养英语思维的能力。学生们若能体会编者苦心,用心感悟,多多运用,那就会一举多得。如必修一Unit one里练习一里,
upset : feeling disturbed
be concerned about : to worried about
loose : free , not tied up
go through : to experience something
ignore : to take no notice of
calm down : to become quiet after nervous activity curtain : piece of material hung to cover a
window
series : number of things that happen one after another
通过对这些练习里paraphrase的反复研读,学生不仅全面到位的理解了这几个重点单词和短语,还扩大了词汇量,还学到了过去分词,还学到了定语从句,如若再能翻查词典,体悟这些词下面的倒句,如若再能翻查词典,摘记其它词汇的英文解释,长此以往,养成习惯,那么,学生的英语语感,英语水平会有大大的提高!
二、构词法扩记词汇
众所周知,英语构词法是识记单词最有效的途径之一。掌握了构词法,识记英语单词就快得多,往往能以一带十,事半功倍。这一点,在课本Learning about language部分,也有很多的体现。如必修一Unit5里的练习二,学生们就可通过后缀-ness,轻松学到kindness,calmness,selfishness,loneliness。通过后-ful ,-less学到power, powerful, powerless, 若能再细听老师讲解,加上自己的巧妙串记,那将更是妙不可言,收獲多多。如:After he came to power, everyone said he was a powerful leader, but now he feels so powerless that he even cant save his daughter. 还有转化构词法也很重要,如必修一Unit 1里的concern一词,当Vt.用是担忧,涉及;关系到,当n.用是担心,关注,(利害)关系之意。这个词很高频,较难理解掌握。如若翻查词典,例句串记,如:Our parents are concerned about our health. As far as I am concerned, we should talk with them and tell them our concerns. 则该词的词义及用法马上跃然纸上,活灵活现。
通过这样的练习,学生马上会悟到构词法的强大,老师再顺势加以引导,让学生自己观察收集其它较小类的构词法,如:截短(截头的telephone-phone, airplane-plane,去尾的mathematics-maths, examination-exam,截头去尾的influenza-flu, refrigerator-fridge等);混合(breakfast lunch-brunch, television broadcast-telecast, Chinese English-Chinglish等),还有首字母缩略(TOEFL-Test Of English as a Foreign Language; IETLS-International English Language Test System, WTO, NBA, VOA, BBC等)通过对这些构词法的观察,收集,学生们学有所获,学有所用,对英语的兴趣会有很大的增强。
三、归类联想记忆法。
英语单词极为丰富,包罗万象,但并不是没有规律可循。如果我们把所学的单词能根据一定的依据进行整理归类联想来记,效果就会大幅度提高。如必修二Unit 4 wildlife protection: learning about language 的exercise 3,就暗示了我们这种记词汇的方法。
做完这个练习,仔细体悟一下归类联想记忆法,学生觉得自己的小宇宙瞬间爆发,觉得归类联想记单词强大到爆!
四、情景交融记忆法。
孤立的、机械的记词汇非常困难。那样既枯燥乏味,又遗忘得快。学生若能像老师常教导的“单词短语化,短语句子化,句子情景化,情景生活化”那样,有意识地用造句、填空等来记单词,短语,结合上下文来学,学起来就有趣味多了。正如必修一Unit 1里“learning about language”ex3一样,给出了很好的语境让学生记忆,curtains, dusty, entirely, in order to, set down, add up等。仔细揣摩这些例句,不光能记住这些单词短语,还会有新的收获和启发,如:Please draw the curtains, the sunlight is too bright.不仅记住了curtain,还记住了draw the curtain,再如:Although Tim and Mike come from entirely different backgrounds, they became close friends,不仅记住了entirely的词义,还体悟到了它的词性——修饰形容词,更学到了background, close friend等好词好表达。最后再如这句:Good friends do not add up what they do for each other; instead they offer help when it is needed.不光記住了add up的意思,而且还体会到what they do for each other是宾语从句,when it is needed是状语从句,更明白了友谊的意义,做人的道理。
五、语篇串联记忆法。
威廉·詹姆士指出:“事实在心中越是与其他事物发生联想,就越能很好的记住,留在心中。”学习英语的过程中,记忆单词短语时,不要“只见树木不见森林”,就像我们课本每个单元的“learning about language”中都有一个练习:complete this passage with the below in their proper forms words and expressions,这种练习的编写,体现了编者的良苦用心,即通过编这样一个故事,或创设一个场景,让学生角色融入,设身处地的体会并运用每个单元所学的单词和短语,有趣有实用。例如必修二 Unit5 music这个单元的文章
Susan and I loved jazz and we dreamed of becoming musicians. We decided to form a band so that we could earn some extra money by playing and singing in a pub. The regulars there were very kind to us. They suggested we go to record our songs in a studio. We wondered if they were playing a joke on us as they were often very humorous to each other. However, to our great surprise, everything was organized and we made our record. Imagine our excitement when we heard it broadcast on the radio for the first time! It was almost as exciting as later when we became millionaires. Now whenever we go to the pub, we play our songs and buy drinks for the regulars. Although we are famous, we still like to play in familiar places.
通过这个语篇填空,我们串记了本单元的这些有用词汇:extra, millionaire, pub, humorous, studio, broadcast, dream of, familiar, play a joke on等,而且还学到了:so that, regulars, suggest sb. do sth. , to ones surprise, hear sth. done等单词短语句型,真是一句多得,何乐为不为呢?在每天的学习中,我们是否也尝试一下编自己的故事、情景来扩大自己的词汇量呢?
以上是我所体悟到,也反复给学生渗透强化的,课本上暗示我们的英语词汇记忆法。
总之,英语词汇是学习英语的基础,记忆方法多种多样,因人而异。但每种记忆词汇的方法都不是孤立的,而是相互联系,相互渗透的。学生应牢记老师的教诲:词不离句,句不离文。在具体语境中,掌握其记忆规律,把各种方法结合起来,综合运用,才能效果最大化。