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绝经后女性膝骨性关节炎患者关节液中OPG,RANKL的表达及意义

2017-09-07梁志平孙雁宇何剑全

中外医疗 2017年16期
关键词:核因子膝骨性关节炎

梁志平++孙雁宇++何剑全

DOI:10.16662/j.cnki.1674-0742.2017.16.043

[摘要] 目的 探讨绝经后女性膝关节骨性关节炎(OA)患者关节液中OPG、RANKL水平及其与关节软骨损伤程度的关系。方法 2015年12月—2016年12月于厦门医学院附属医院方便选取56例绝经后女性OA患者,采用K-L分级标准分为轻度OA组26例和重度OA组30例,另选取20名正常人为对照组;ELISA法检测各组膝关节液中的OPG、RANKL表达水平。 结果 OPG的表达中,正常对照组(4.06±0.47)pg/mL与重度OA组(4.76±0.79)pg/mL比较(P=0.009)。RANKL表达中,重度OA组(4.35±0.79)pg/mL与正常对照组(3.33±0.45)pg/mL比较(P=0.001);与轻度OA组(3.63±0.63)pg/mL比较(P=0.009)。OPG/RANKL比值在组间比较均差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 重度OA患者膝关节液OPG、RANKL表达均高于正常人,其中RANKL表达与OA病情严重程度成正比。

[关键词] 绝经后女性;膝骨性关节炎;护骨素;核因子κB受体活化因子配體

[中图分类号] R4 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-0742(2017)06(a)-0043-03

Expression of OPG and RANKL in Joint Fluid of Female Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis after Menopause and Significance

LIANG Zhi-ping1, SUN Yan-yu1, HE Jian-quan2

1.Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College(Xiamen Second Hospital), Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361000 China;2.Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361000 China

[Abstract] Objective To discuss the expression of OPG,RANKL in joint fluid of female patients with Knee Osteoarthritis after menopause and correlation with joint tissue injury. Methods 56 cases of OA female patients in our hospital from December 2015 to December 2016 were conveniently selected and divided into the mild OA group with 26 cases and severe OA group with 30 cases according to the K-L classification standards, and 20 cases of moral people were selected as the control group, and the expression levels of OPG,RANKL in joint fluid were tested by the ELISA test. Results The OPG expression in the normal control group and severe OA group was respectively (4.06±0.47)pg/mL and (4.76±0.79)pg/mL, (P=0.009), the RANKL expression in the severe OA group and the normal control group was respectively(4.35±0.79)pg/mL and (3.33±0.45)pg/mL), (P=0.001), and the OPG/RANKL in the mild OA group was (3.63±0.63)pg/mL,(P=0.009), and all differences had no statistical significance(P>0.05). Conclusion The OPG and RANKL in joint fluid of severe OA patients are higher than those in the normal people, and the RANKL expression has a positive correlation with the severity of OA disease.

[Key words] Female after menopause; Knee osteoarthritis; OPG; RANKL

骨性关节炎(Osteoarthritis,OA)是多种因素共同作用下所致的关节软骨变性、破坏等,以关节痛、压痛、活动受限为临床特征的关节退行性变,临床中以绝经后女性常见[1];骨保护素(Osteoprotegerin,OPG)和核因子κB受体活化因子(Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB, RANK)及其配体(Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand, RANKL)组成的系统是调节骨重建最重要的信号通路之一,该系统与OA发病关系密切[2]。方便收集厦门医学院附属医院2015年12月—2016年12月门诊能独立行动的绝经后OA患者56例及正常人20名,收集膝关节液,检测OPG、RANKL的表达,初步探讨OPG、RANKL在绝经后女性OA发病中的意义,现报道如下。

1 資料与方法

1.1 一般资料

所有OA患者主诉均为膝关节疼痛,肿胀,关节活动受限,活动时可有弹响,上下楼梯困难,但晨僵<30 min。通过拍摄负重的膝关节正侧位片,采用 K-L分级标准将膝骨性关节炎分5级[3]。将0级设为正常对照组,Ⅰ~Ⅱ级病例设为轻度OA组,Ⅲ~Ⅳ级病例设为重度OA组。排除标准:①排除关节液化验有脓细胞者,全身有严重感染病史者;②3个月内使用过激素类药物或伴有其他严重疾病者;③病历资料缺失,拒绝签署知情同意书者。所有研究对象均对该研究具有知情权,并签署知情同意书。该研究方便选取研究对象76例,其中正常对照组20名,轻度OA组26例,重度OA组30例,3组在年龄、身高、体重、BMI组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性,见表1。

1.2 OPG、RANKL检测方法

清晨8∶00-9∶00点无负重状态下抽取膝关节液,置于-80 ℃保存待测。采用双抗体夹心法检测膝关节液中OPG,RANKL表达。具体检测步骤依ELISA试剂盒要求标准进行。

1.3 统计方法

采用 SPSS 23.0统计学软件进行数据分析。计量资料均用均数±标准差(x±s)表示,组间比较采用t检验及方差分析,方差不齐采用非参数检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

正常对照组、轻度OA组、重度OA组膝关节液 OPG、RANKL表达水平的比较,见表1。

3 讨论

已有研究表明绝经后女性好发OA,这与血清雌二醇水平的下降可能有关[4]。因此,选取了平均年龄为(70.31±4.31)岁的绝经后女性作为研究对象。经 K-L分级标准分组后,正常对照组、轻度OA组和重度OA组在年龄、身高、体重、BMI的一般临床资料的比较中差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。

近年来,有研究说明OPG/RANK/RANKL系统与OA的发生、发展存在密切相关[5]。Logar等[6]证实股骨OA的病理表现与RANKLmRNA表达水平呈正相关,而OPGmRNA表达水平则相反。体外研究发现RANKL/OPG比值的从1:160升高至1:2.5时逐渐促进软骨细胞MMP-13的表达[7],说明OPG,RANKL在关节软骨中均有表达,而该研究提示OPG、RANKL在OA患者与正常人的膝关节液中的也有表达。有研究测定膝OA患者的滑膜液中OPG(20.6±8.07)pmol/L、RANKL(0.96±0.71)pmol/L的表达,分析其与 K-L分级的相关性,发现OA患者关节液中OPG含量与严重程度成正比(r=0.771,P<0.001)[8],而RANKL的表达无正相关,该研究并未检测正常人膝关节液中的OPG、RANKL的表达。而重度OA膝关节OPG的表达为(4.76±0.79)pg/mL,高于正常人(P=0.009),说明重度OA患者与正常人膝关节液中OPG存在差异性。但OPG在轻度OA与重度OA组间并差异无统计学意义,并不能说明OPG与OA严重程度成正比,这可能与纳入的病例的性别差异有关。但是该研究RANKL在重度OA组的表达同样高于正常人(P=0.001),同时与轻度OA组的表达差异有统计学意义(P=0.009),提示随着OA病情加重,RANKL在膝关节液中的表达可能逐步增高。

目前针对OA的临床药物均只能暂时性的对症治疗,并不能阻止病情的发生发展。Lv Y等[9]将抑制骨吸收药物用于治疗OA,通过对软骨和软骨下骨的研究发现其作用机制可能是提高OPG的表达,同时降低RANKL,MMP-9和TLR-4表达。该研究中OPG/RANKL的比值在OA与正常人的膝关节液中差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),然而有研究将单独将OPG、RANKL的变化作为治疗OA的关键靶点[10-11],提示单独测定OPG、RANKL的表达可作为治疗OA的靶点之一。Sagar DR等[12]证实OPG可通过抑制骨吸收到达减轻OA疼痛的作用,说明OPG可用于治疗OA。该研究中绝经后女性OA患者膝关节液中OPG、RANKL的表达均高于正常人,因此关节液中表达的OPG、RANKL对关节软骨细胞的作用机制有待进一步研究。

综上所述,该研究通过观察绝经后女性膝关节OA关节液体中OPG、RANKL的表达,为药物治疗OA提供了新的思路。但由于该试验纳入的病例较少,有待于扩大样本的临床试验来进一步验证,为OPG/RANK/RANKL系统在绝经后女性OA的诊疗过程中的作用提供了理论基础。

[参考文献]

[1] Moyer RF, Ratneswaran A, Beier F and Birmingham TB.Osteorthritis year in review 2014: Mechanics-basic and clinical studies in osteoarthritis[J]. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 2014(22):1989-2002.

[2] Upton AR, Holding CA, Dharmapatni AA, et al.The expression of RANKL and OPG in the various grades of osteoarthritic cartilage[J]. Rheumatol Int, 2012, 32(2):535-540.

[3] Park HJ, Kim SS, Lee SY, et al. A practical MRI grading system for osteoarthritis of the knee: association with Kellgren-Lawrence radiographic scores[J]. Eur J Radiol,2013, 82(1):112-117.

[4] 梁海波,蘇伟,罗世兴. 膝关节骨性关节炎女性患者血清雌二醇水平:与年龄及病变程度的相关性[J].中国组织工程研, 2014,18 (46) :7533-7537.

[5] Zupan J, Komadina R, Marc J.The relationship between osteoclastogenic and anti-osteoclastogenic pro-inflammatory cytokines differs in human osteoporotic and osteoarthritic bone tissues[J].Biomed Sci,2012,1(19):28.

[6] Logar DB, KomadinaR, PrezeljJ, et al.Expression of bone resorption genes in osteoarthritis and in osteoporosis[J].J Bone Miner Metab, 2007(25):219-225.

[7] Ji-Zhou Zeng,Zhen-Zhong Wang,Li-Feng Ma, et al.Increased receptor activator of nuclear factor κβ ligand/osteoprotegerin ratio exacerbates cartilage destruction in osteoarthritis in vitro[J].Exp Ther Med,2016,12(4):2778-2782.

[8] Pilichou A, s Papassotiriou I, Michalakakou K,et al. High levels of synovial fluid osteoprotegerin (OPG) and increased serum ratio of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) to OPG correlate with disease severity in patients with primary knee osteoarthritis[J].Clinical Biochemistry,2008(41):746-749.

[9] Lv Y,Xia JY,Chen JY,et al.Effects of pamidronate disodium on the loss of osteoarthritic subchondral bone and the expression of cartilaginous and subchondral osteoprotegerin and RANKL in rabbits[J]. BMC Musculoskelet Disord,2014, 6(15):370.

[10] Wang Z,Ding L,Zhang S, et al.Effects of icariin on the regulation of the OPG-RANKL-RANK system are mediated through the MAPK pathways in IL-1β-stimulated human SW1353 chondrosarcoma cells[J].Int J Mol Med, 2014, 34(6):1720-1726.

[11] Zhu S, Chen K, Lan Y,et al.Alendronate protects against articular cartilage erosion by inhibiting subchondral bone loss in ovariectomized rats[J]. Bone, 2013,53(2):340-349.

[12] Sagar DR,Ashraf S,Xu L,et al.Osteoprotegerin reduces the development of pain behaviour and joint pathology in a model ofosteoarthritis[J].Ann Rheum Dis,2014,73(8):1558-1565.

(收稿日期:2017-03-03)

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