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长链非编码RNA HIF1A-AS1对缺氧诱导的胰腺癌PANC1细胞自噬的调节作用

2017-06-28许丰徐月梅夏菲珍姜玉华张波李先鹏

中华胰腺病杂志 2017年3期
关键词:细胞株胰腺癌耐药

许丰 徐月梅 夏菲珍 姜玉华 张波 李先鹏

·论著·

长链非编码RNA HIF1A-AS1对缺氧诱导的胰腺癌PANC1细胞自噬的调节作用

许丰 徐月梅 夏菲珍 姜玉华 张波 李先鹏

目的 观察长链非编码RNA HIF1A-AS1对缺氧诱导的胰腺癌PANC1细胞自噬的调节作用。方法 应用三气培养箱及缺氧混合气体(94%N2、5% CO2、1% O2)缺氧培养胰腺癌PANC1细胞3、6、12、24、36、48 h,实时荧光定量PCR法检测HIF1A-AS1的表达。通过携带HIF1A-AS1过表达的重组腺病毒感染PANC1细胞和通过脂质体将靶向HIF1A-AS1的siRNA转染PANC1细胞分别获得过表达、低表达HIF1A-AS1的PANC1细胞株,以常规培养的PANC1细胞作为对照。对照组、过表达组、低表达组细胞分别缺氧培养24 h,采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测各组PANC1细胞HIF1A-AS1的表达,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率,蛋白质印迹法检测自噬相关蛋白Beclin 1的表达。结果 缺氧培养的PANC1细胞HIF1A-AS1的表达随缺氧时间的延长而增加,36 h时达峰值,从6 h开始均显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。以对照组表达量为1,过表达组、低表达组细胞HIF1A-AS1的表达量分别为4.49±0.53、0.49±0.07,过表达组高于对照组,低表达组低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。对照组、过表达组、低表达组PANC1细胞经缺氧培养24 h后的细胞凋亡率分别为(8.27±1.28)%、(6.56±1.49)%、(19.9±2.34)%,过表达组低于对照组,低表达组高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01);Beclin 1表达量分别为1.05±0.11、1.29±0.19、0.38±0.18,过表达组高于对照组,低表达组低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。结论 HIF1A-AS1可能通过促进缺氧诱导胰腺癌PANC1细胞的自噬,参与胰腺癌的发病过程。

胰腺; 细胞系,肿瘤; 长链非编码RNA; HIF1A-AS1; 自噬; 缺氧

Fund program: Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LY16H160004)

缺氧微环境作为胰腺癌等实体肿瘤的重要特征之一,可诱导肿瘤细胞中多种耐药基因的表达,导致化疗耐药[1]。自噬是真核细胞通过清除损伤细胞器或变性蛋白质维持细胞稳态的降解机制,在肿瘤形成、转移及化疗耐药中起重要作用,但其调控机制尚未阐明[2-3]。长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA, lncRNA)是最新发现的一类在表观遗传、转录水平、翻译水平都具有调节作用的非编码RNA分子[4-5],可通过调节肿瘤细胞的自噬水平参与肿瘤的发生、发展和转移进程[6-7]。存在于缺氧诱导因子1α(hypoxia-inducible factor-1α,HIF-1α)反义链上的lncRNA HIF1A-AS1参与肝癌、非小细胞肺癌等肿瘤的发生和发展[8-9]。本研究在缺氧环境中培养胰腺癌PANC1细胞,观察细胞HIF1A-AS1表达对细胞自噬活性的影响,探讨其可能的调控机制。

材料与方法

一、PANC1细胞HIF1A-AS1表达的检测

胰腺癌PANC1细胞株购自ATCC公司,常规培养传代。应用三气培养箱及缺氧混合气体(94% N2、5% CO2、1% O2)培养细胞3、6、12、24、36、48 h,以常规培养细胞作为对照组。应用Trizol提取各组细胞总RNA,先利用随机引物逆转录成cDNA,再采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测HIF1A-AS1表达。HIF1A-AS1引物正义序列为5′-TTCGGTACTTTACGCACCCT-3′,反义序列为5′-TTTTCCTCCTTTTCGCCAGC-3′;内参β-actin引物正义序列为5′-TGGCATCCACGAAACTACCT-3′,反义序列为5′-CGTACAGGTCTTTGCGGATG-3′。反应条件:95℃ 15 s,58℃ 10 s,72℃ 20 s,40个循环。由仪器自带软件获取Ct值,应用公式2-△△Ct计算其相对表达量,以对照组表达量计为1。

二、HIF1A-AS1过表达及低表达PANC1细胞株的构建及鉴定

HIF1A-AS1过表达的重组腺病毒由上海百力格生物技术公司合成,感染PANC1细胞,建立HIF1A-AS1过表达PANC1细胞株(过表达组)。靶向HIF1A-AS1的siRNA由上海吉玛制药公司设计并合成,采用脂质体法转染PANC1细胞,建立HIF1A-AS1低表达细胞株(低表达组)。收集两组细胞,抽提细胞总RNA,应用实时荧光定量PCR法检测过表达、低表达细胞HIF1A-AS1表达,鉴定高、低表达细胞株构建是否成功。

三、PANC1细胞凋亡的检测

取对照组、过表达组、低表达组对数生长期PANC1细胞,在缺氧环境中培养24 h。收集各组细胞,用预冷PBS洗涤2次。加入500 μl的Binding Buffer悬浮细胞,依次加入5 μl的Annexin V-FITC、5 μl的PI,混匀,置室温避光反应5~15 min,上流式细胞仪检测各组细胞凋亡率。

四、PANC1细胞自噬标志蛋白Beclin 1表达的检测

取对照组、过表达组、低表达组对数生长期PANC1细胞,在缺氧环境中培养24 h,收集各组细胞,用细胞裂解液置冰上裂解30 min,离心5 min去除细胞碎片,收集上清液,应用BCA法测定蛋白浓度后取30 μg蛋白样品行蛋白质印迹法检测细胞Beclin 1蛋白表达,以β-actin为内参。抗Beclin 1一抗1∶1 000稀释,辣根过氧化物酶标记的二抗 1∶2 000稀释,最后ECL发光,X线片曝光、显影、定影。通过Image J软件获取条带灰度值,以目的条带与内参条带的灰度值比表示蛋白相对表达量。

五、统计学处理

结 果

一、缺氧培养对PANC1细胞HIF1A-AS1表达的影响

以对照组表达量为1,缺氧培养3、6、12、24、36、48 h的PANC1细胞的HIF1A-AS1表达量分别为1.37±0.21、1.96±0.27、2.22±0.16、3.46±0.54、4.26±0.27和3.04±0.23。HIF1A-AS1的表达随缺氧时间的延长而增加,在36 h时达峰值。缺氧6 h以上各组HIF1A-AS1的表达量均显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。

二、过表达及低表达HIF1A-AS1细胞鉴定

以对照组表达量为1,过表达组、低表达组细胞HIF1A-AS1的表达量分别为4.49±0.53、0.49±0.07。过表达组显著高于对照组,低表达组显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。

三、HIF1A-AS1对缺氧培养的PANC1细胞凋亡的影响

对照组、过表达组、低表达组PANC1细胞经缺氧培养24 h后的细胞凋亡率分别为(8.27±1.28)%、(6.56±1.49)%、(19.9±2.34)%,过表达组显著低于对照组,低表达组显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01,图1)。

图1 缺氧培养24 h后对照组(1A)、过表达组(1B)、低表达组(1C)PANC1细胞的凋亡率

四、HIF1A-AS1对缺氧培养的PANC1细胞自噬标志蛋白Beclin 1表达的影响

常氧培养24 h后,对照组、过表达组、低表达组PANC1细胞Beclin 1的表达量分别为0.15±0.08、0.31±0.15、0.13±0.11,过表达组明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),而低表达组与对照组的差异无统计学意义。缺氧培养24 h后,对照组、过表达组、低表达组细胞的Beclin 1表达量分别为1.05±0.11、1.29±0.19、0.38±0.18,过表达组显著高于对照组,低表达组显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01,图2)。

图2 对照组(1)、低表达组(2)、过表达组(3)常氧(2A)及缺氧(2B)培养24 h后PANC1细胞Beclin 1蛋白表达

讨 论

肿瘤细胞的高代谢和快速增殖状态引起肿瘤组织局部微环境的氧含量持续降低,造成肿瘤内部的缺氧微环境。缺氧微环境引起缺氧相关转录因子的表达,进而诱导多种信号通路激活,不仅提高其恶性程度及转移能力,还抑制针对肿瘤细胞的免疫反应,促使肿瘤细胞自身发生改变以逃避免疫细胞的攻击[10-12]。因此,缺氧微环境下肿瘤细胞基因表达调控机制研究将为其靶向治疗提供理论和实验依据。

自噬是一种溶酶体依赖的真核细胞自身降解机制,在细胞功能维持稳定方面具有重要作用[13]。近年来的研究发现自噬与肿瘤发展和耐药机制密切相关。自噬的“双刃剑”作用,对耐药的肿瘤细胞具有双面作用。适量的自噬能够促使耐药细胞生存,而过度自噬能促使耐药肿瘤细胞死亡[14]。研究发现胰腺癌细胞在缺氧微环境下通过氧化应激诱导黏蛋白-4(MUC4)降解,从而促进细胞自噬、增强细胞存活[15]。同时,自噬过程中溶酶体通过调控基因转录诱导胰腺癌细胞代谢形式发生改变[16]。但胰腺癌细胞自噬调控的具体作用机制还在初步研究阶段。

研究发现,lncRNA作为具有重要调控作用的一类非编码RNA,在多种肿瘤的发生、发展和转移的过程中表达明显异常,提示其可能参与肿瘤的发病过程[17]。HIF1A-AS1位于人的14号染色体HIF1α的反义链上,其成熟体长度为652 nt。近期有研究显示在胸主动脉瘤组织中HIF1A-AS1表达明显增加,HIF1A-AS1可能通过促进平滑肌细胞凋亡,调控胸主动脉瘤的发生发展进程[18]。本研究结果显示HIF1A-AS1的水平与缺氧诱导的胰腺癌细胞自噬活性明显相关,抑制HIF1A-AS1能够显著降低缺氧诱导的胰腺癌细胞自噬水平,但其具体调控机制还需深入探索。

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(本文编辑:冀凯宏)

Regulatory role of long-chain non-coding RNA HIF1A-AS1 on hypoxia-induced the autophagy of pancreatic cancer PANC1 cells

XuFeng,XuYuemei,XiaFeizhen,JiangYuhua,ZhangBo,LiXianpeng.

DepartmentofGastroenterology,YinzhouHospital,MedicalSchool,NingboUniversity,Ningbo315040,China

LiXianpeng,Email:849840290@qq.com

Objective To observe the regulatory role of long non-coding RNA HIF1A-AS1 on the autophagy of pancreatic cancer PANC1 cells induced by hypoxia. Methods The pancreatic cancer PANC1 cells were cultured in a three-gas incubator filled with hypoxic gas mixture (94% N2,5% CO2,1% O2) for 3, 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h. HIF1A-AS1 overexpression and low expression PANC1 cells were obtained by the infection of recombinant adenovirus carrying HIF1A-AS1 and the transfection of HIF1A-AS1 targeting siRNA by liposome, and routinely cultured PANC1 cells served as control. The expression of HIF1A-AS1 of PANC1 cells was detected by real-time quantitative PCR after being cultured in hypoxia-induced condition for 24 h. The apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry. The autophagy related proteins Beclin 1 were detected by western blot. Results The expression of HIF1A-AS1 in hypoxic cells was increased as the hypoxic time increased since 6 h and peaked at 36 h, which was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.01). HIF1A-AS1 relative expression in HIF1A-AS1 overexpression and low expression PANC1 cells was 4.49±0.53 and 0.49±0.07, which were normalized to that of control group with the relative expression of 1. Control group had lower HIF1A-AS1 expression than HIF1A-AS1 overexpression PANC1 cells but higher HIF1A-AS1 in HIF1A-AS1 low expression PANC1 cells, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01).The cell apoptosis rate of control, HIF1A-AS1 overexpression and low expression PANC1 cells was (8.27±1.28)%, (6.56±1.49)% and (19.9±2.34)% after 24 h hypoxic culture. Control group had higher HIF1A-AS1 expression than HIF1A-AS1 overexpression PANC1 cells but lower HIF1A-AS1 in HIF1A-AS1 low expression PANC1 cells, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01). The expression of Beclin 1 protein was protein 1.05±0.11, 1.29±0.19 and 0.38±0.18, respectively. Control group had lower Beclin 1 expression than HIF1A-AS1 overexpression PANC1 cells but higher Beclin 1 in HIF1A-AS1 low expression PANC1 cells, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01). Conclusions HIF1A-AS1 can promote autophagy of pancreatic cancer PANC1 cells induced by hypoxia and participate in the pathogenesis and metastasis of pancreatic cancer.

Pancreas; Cell line, tumor; Long non-coding RNA; HIF1A-AS1; Autophagy; Anoxia

10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-1935.2017.03.008

315040 宁波,宁波大学医学院附属鄞州医院消化科

李先鹏,Email: 849840290@qq.com

浙江省自然科学基金(LY16H160004)

2017-01-04)

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