血浆硫化氢水平与行维持性血液透析的终末期肾病并动脉粥样硬化患者传统型蛋白激酶CβⅡ激活的相关性研究
2017-06-27宋书贤
宋书贤
·论著·
血浆硫化氢水平与行维持性血液透析的终末期肾病并动脉粥样硬化患者传统型蛋白激酶CβⅡ激活的相关性研究
宋书贤
目的 分析血浆硫化氢(H2S)水平与行维持性血液透析(MHD)的终末期肾病(ESRD)并动脉粥样硬化(AS)患者传统型蛋白激酶CβⅡ(cPKCβⅡ)激活的相关性。方法 选取2010—2014年在西安医学院第二附属医院行MHD的ESRD患者120例,根据AS发生情况分为A组(未并发AS,n=60)和B组(并发AS,n=60);另选取同期体检健康者60例作为对照组。采用硫化物敏感电极法检测血浆H2S水平,采用Western bloting法检测cPKCβⅡ膜转位率。比较A组和B组患者一般资料和实验室检查指标,比较3组受试者血浆H2S水平和cPKCβⅡ膜转位率,并分析cPKCβⅡ膜转位率与行MHD的ESRD并AS患者其他观察指标的相关性。结果 两组患者性别、年龄、体质指数(BMI)、透析时间、吸烟率、嗜酒率、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)及使用血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)、钙通道阻滞剂、β-受体阻滞剂者所占比例比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患者血红蛋白、清蛋白、肌酐、尿素氮(BUN)、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A、B组患者血浆H2S水平低于对照组(P<0.05),cPKCβⅡ膜转位率高于对照组(P<0.05);B组患者血浆H2S水平低于A组,cPKCβⅡ膜转位率高于A组(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,cPKCβⅡ膜转位率与行MHD的ESRD并AS患者血浆H2S水平呈负相关(r=-0.88,P<0.05)。结论 血浆H2S水平与行MHD的ESRD并AS患者cPKCβⅡ激活有关。
终末期肾脏病;动脉粥样硬化;硫化氢;传统型蛋白激酶C βⅡ;血液透析
宋书贤.血浆硫化氢水平与行维持性血液透析的终末期肾病并动脉粥样硬化患者传统型蛋白激酶CβⅡ激活的相关性研究[J].实用心脑肺血管病杂志,2017,25(5):40-44.[www.syxnf.net]
SONG S X.Correlation between plasma H2S level and activation of conventional protein kinase CβⅡ in end-stage renal disease patients(undergoing maintenance hemodialysis) complicated with atherosclerosis[J].Practical Journal of Cardiac Cerebral Pneumal and Vascular Disease,2017,25(5):40-44.
心血管疾病是导致行维持性血液透析(MHD)的终末期肾病(end-stage renal disease,ESRD)患者死亡的主要原因之一[1],而动脉粥样硬化(AS)可导致行血液透析患者病死率升高[2]。硫化氢(H2S)是除一氧化氮和一氧化碳之外的第三种内源性气体递质,可参与机体多种生理功能,如松弛血管平滑肌、抑制血管平滑肌细胞增殖、降低血压等[3]。据报道,MHD患者血浆H2S水平降低可能与尿毒症加速性动脉粥样硬化(uremic accelerated atherosclerosis,UAAS)发生有关[4]。LI等[5]研究表明,H2S代谢异常可导致MHD患者AS发生风险升高。
蛋白激酶C(protein kinase C,PKC)是一组磷脂依赖性由Ca2+激活的蛋白丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶,其包含疏水性调节区和亲水性催化区两个功能区。传统型蛋白激酶CβⅡ(conventional protein kinase C,cPKCβⅡ)已被证实参与了心力衰竭的发生进展,故抑制cPKCβⅡ激活可能对心力衰竭患者有益[6]。HARJA等[7]研究证实,动脉粥样硬化发病过程中cPKCβⅡ被激活,而抑制cPKCβⅡ激活有利于阻止AS进展,但cPKCβⅡ激活在ESRD并AS发生发展过程中的作用机制尚不明确。本研究旨在分析血浆H2S水平与行MHD的ESRD并AS患者cPKCβⅡ激活的相关性,现报道如下。
1 对象与方法
1.1 纳入与排除标准 纳入标准:(1)年龄>18岁;(2)无残余肾功能;(3)维持血液透析3个月以上。排除标准:(1)伴有心、肝、脾、肺等重要脏器损伤者;(2)存在心血管疾病危险因素者,如高脂血症、高血压、糖尿病等;(3)伴有心血管疾病者;(4)伴有恶性肿瘤、自身免疫性疾病、活动性感染者。
1.2 研究对象 选取2010—2014年在西安医学院第二附属医院行MHD的ESRD患者120例,均符合ESRD诊断标准,即肾小球率过率<15 ml·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1。根据AS(局灶性内中膜厚度≥1.2 mm)发生情况将所有患者分为A组(未并发AS,n=60)和B组(并发AS,n=60)。A组中男35例,女25例;年龄39~65岁,平均年龄(51.0±14.2)岁。B组中男38例,女22例;年龄38~67岁,平均年龄(50.4±14.4)岁。另选取60例体检健康者作为对照组,其中男36例,女24例;年龄38~66岁,平均年龄(50.6±14.1)岁。3组受试者性别(χ2=0.33)、年龄(F=0.03)比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。本研究获得西安医学院第二附属医院医学伦理委员会审核批准,所有受试者知情同意并签署知情同意书。
1.3 MHD ESRD患者行MHD,血液透析期间注意高蛋白、低磷、低盐饮食,平稳控制血压,纠正水电解质、酸碱失衡。血液透析完成后给予肾康注射液(西安世纪盛康药业有限公司生产,国药准字Z20040110)100 ml静脉滴注,1次/d。
1.4 观察指标 比较A组和B组患者一般资料和实验室检查指标,比较3组受试者血浆H2S水平和cPKCβⅡ膜转位率,并分析cPKCβⅡ膜转位率与ESRD并AS患者其他观察指标的相关性。
1.4.1 一般资料收集方法 根据病历收集ESRD患者性别、年龄、体质指数(BMI)、透析时间、吸烟情况、嗜酒情况、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)及药物使用情况,其中吸烟1年以上、吸烟>1支/d定义为吸烟;饮酒1年以上,男性乙醇摄入量>40 g/d,女性乙醇摄入量>20 g/d定义为嗜酒。
1.4.2 实验室检查 入院后抽取ESRD患者清晨空腹静脉血2~10 ml,采用深圳雷杜公司生产的RT7200全自动血液分析仪和日本奥林巴斯公司生产的AU2700型全自动生化分析仪检测血红蛋白、清蛋白、肌酐、尿素氮(BUN)、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)。
1.4.3 H2S检测方法 ESRD患者于入院后、体检健康者于体检当天抽取静脉血5~10 ml,3 000 r/min离心10 min,分离血浆,加入等体积抗氧化液,采用硫化物敏感电极法检测血浆H2S水平[8]。
1.4.4 cPKCβⅡ膜转位率检测方法 配制匀浆液,-20 ℃冻存备用;之后3 000 r/min离心10 min,取上清液(胞溶蛋白成分);沉淀后加入等量匀浆液匀浆,超声破碎,3 000 r/min离心10 min,取上清液(膜相关蛋白成分);制备蛋白电泳样品,-20 ℃冻存备用;取胞溶蛋白成分和膜相关蛋白成分制成蛋白电泳样品,在10%SDS-PAGE上进行电泳分析;将目标蛋白转移至硝酸纤维素膜上进行Western bloting杂交;X光胶片曝光、显影;利用Gel-Doc凝胶成像分析系统扫描后,采用Quantity one分析软件进行半定量分析[9]。将对照组受试者cPKCβⅡ膜转位率作为100%,分别计算A组和B组患者cPKCβⅡ膜转位率。
2 结果
2.1 两组患者一般资料和实验室检查指标比较 两组患者性别、年龄、BMI、透析时间、吸烟率、嗜酒率、SBP、DBP及使用血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)、钙通道阻滞剂、β-受体阻滞剂者所占比例比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05,见表1);两组患者血红蛋白、清蛋白、肌酐、BUN、TG、TC、LDL-C及HDL-C水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05,见表2)。
2.2 3组受试者血浆H2S水平和cPKCβⅡ膜转位率比较 3组受试者血浆H2S水平和cPKCβⅡ膜转位率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);A、B组患者血浆H2S水平低于对照组,cPKCβⅡ膜转位率高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);B组患者血浆H2S水平低于A组,cPKCβⅡ膜转位率高于A组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,见表3)。
Table3ComparisonofplasmaH2SlevelandmembranetranslocationrateofcPKCβⅡamongthethreegroups
组别例数H2S(mmol/L)cPKCβⅡ膜转位率(%)对照组6061.23±6.67100.00A组6034.20±4.29a134.45±7.29aB组6021.32±3.56ab178.32±4.69abF值988.263691.26P值<0.05<0.05
注:H2S=硫化氢,cPKCβⅡ=传统型蛋白激酶CβⅡ;与对照组比较,aP<0.05;与A组比较,bP<0.05
2.3 相关性分析 Pearson相关性分析结果显示,cPKCβⅡ膜转位率与行MHD的ESRD并AS患者年龄、透析时间、SBP、DBP、TG、TC、LDL-C、HDL-C无直线相关关系(P>0.05),与血浆H2S水平呈负相关(P<0.05,见表4)。
表1 两组患者一般资料比较
注:BMI=体质指数,SBP=收缩压,DBP=舒张压,ACEI=血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂;1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa;a为χ2值
表2 两组患者实验室检查指标比较±s)
注:BUN=尿素氮,TG=三酰甘油,TC=总胆固醇,LDL-C=低密度脂蛋白胆固醇,HDL-C=高密度脂蛋白胆固醇
表4 cPKCβⅡ膜转位率与行MHD的ESRD并AS患者其他观察指标的相关性分析
Table 4 Correlation between membrane translocation rate of cPKCβⅡ and other observation index in ESRD patients(undergoing MHD)complicated with AS
指标r值P值年龄-0.360.11透析时间0.110.73SBP-0.180.40DBP0.330.22TG0.160.47TC0.230.34LDL-C0.170.44HDL-C0.250.32H2S-0.88<0.01
3 讨论
有研究指出,与健康对照者相比,慢性肾脏病患者心血管疾病患病率升高10~20倍[10];而心血管疾病是行血液透析的ESRD患者死亡的主要原因之一[11]。AS与局灶性内膜增厚密切相关,且随AS发展会导致管腔闭塞及缺血性疾病,如心肌梗死和卒中;除此之外,AS还是导致慢性肾脏病患者发生心血管疾病的主要原因之一,其进展可延长患者血液透析时间[12]。近期有研究结果显示,接受血液透析治疗的ESRD患者AS发病率明显升高[13]。
H2S是一种具有调节作用的内源性气体,内源性H2S主要由胱硫醚γ裂解酶和3巯基丙酮酸转硫酶生成,可通过抗炎、抗氧化应激、抗凋亡、促进血管生成等机制而发挥机体保护作用。有研究显示,血液透析患者血浆H2S水平明显降低,且血浆H2S水平降低程度与影响慢性肾脏病患者死亡的心血管因素(如高血压和AS)有关[14]。也有研究指出,行MHD患者血浆H2S水平更低[15]。PKC是丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶家族成员,由二酰甘油、Ca2+等第二信使激活,在机体多种生理反应中发挥着重要作用。cPKCβⅡ是缺氧或缺血刺激反应信号转导通路中的重要组成部分,可参与卒中、心血管疾病和糖尿病肾病的发生发展。动物实验结果显示,cPKCβⅡ不足可抑制小鼠AS进展[7];cPKCβⅡ抑制剂对老年小鼠存储记忆功能具有改善作用[16];此外,cPKCβⅡ抑制剂可明显减少由长期吸烟、高血压或糖尿病所致AS患者的继发血管内皮功能障碍或血管平滑肌细胞损伤[17]。
本研究结果显示,A、B组患者血浆H2S水平低于对照组,cPKCβⅡ膜转位率高于对照组;B组患者血浆H2S水平低于A组,cPKCβⅡ膜转位率高于A组;提示低水平H2S和cPKCβⅡ激活均与行MHD的ESRD患者并AS有关。本研究Pearson相关性分析结果显示,cPKCβⅡ膜转位率与行MHD的ESRD并AS患者血浆H2S水平呈负相关,提示低水平H2S与行MHD的ESRD并AS患者cPKCβⅡ激活有关。WANG等[18]研究表明,H2S与UAAS进展密切相关。LI等[5]研究表明,H2S代谢异常可能与转化生长因子β(TGF-β)/Smad信号通路调控异常有关,而低水平H2S会促进糖尿病肾病患者UAAS发展。
综上所述,血浆H2S水平与行MHD的ESRD并AS患者的cPKCβⅡ激活有关。
本文无利益冲突。
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(本文编辑:谢武英)
Correlation between Plasma H2S Level and Activation of Conventional Protein Kinase CβⅡ in End-stage Renal Disease Patients(Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis)Complicated with Atherosclerosis
SONGShu-Xian
DepartmentofNephro-endocrinology,theSecondAffiliatedHospitalofXi′anMedicalUniversity,Xi′an710038,China
Objective To analyze the correlation between plasma H2S level and activation of conventional protein kinase CβⅡ(cPKCβⅡ) in end-stage renal disease(ESRD) patients (undergoing maintenance hemodialysis) complicated with atherosclerosis.Methods A total of 120 ESRD patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis were selected in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Medical University from 2010 to 2014,and they were divided into A group(did not complicate with atherosclerosis,n=60)and B group(complicated with atherosclerosis,n=60) according to the incidence of atherosclerosis;meanwhile a total of 60 healthy people admitted to this hospital for physical examination were selected as control group.Sulfide-sensitive electrode method was used to detect the plasma H2S level,Western bloting method was used to detect the membrane translocation rate of cPKCβⅡ.General information and laboratory examination results were compared between A group and B group,plasma H2S level and membrane translocation rate of cPKCβⅡ were compared among the three groups,correlations of membrane translocation rate of cPKCβⅡ with other observation index were analyzed in ESRD patients(undergoing maintenance hemodialysis) complicated with atherosclerosis.Results No statistically significant differences of gender,age,BMI,duration of maintenance hemodialysis,smoking rate,habitual drinking rate,SBP,DBP or proportion of patients treated with ACEI,CCB or β- receptor blockers was found between A group and B group,nor was Hb,albumin,Cr,BUN,TG,TC,LDL-C or HDL-C was found between A group and B group(P>0.05).Plasma H2S level of A group and B group was statistically significantly lower than that of control group,respectively,while membrane translocation rate of cPKCβⅡ of A group and B group was statistically significantly higher than that of control group,respectively(P<0.05);plasma H2S level of B group was statistically significantly lower than that of A group,while membrane translocation rate of cPKCβⅡ of B group was statistically significantly higher than that of A group(P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis results showed that,membrane translocation rate of cPKCβⅡ was negatively correlated with plasma H2S level in ESRD patients(undergoing maintenance hemodialysis) complicated with atherosclerosis(r=-0.88,P<0.05).Conclusion Plasma H2S level is significantly correlated with the activation of cPKCβⅡ in ESRD patients(undergoing maintenance hemodialysis) complicated with atherosclerosis.
End-stage renal disease;Atherosclerosis;Hydrogen sulfide;Conventional protein kinase CβⅡ;Hemodialysis
R 692.5 R 543.5
A
10.3969/j.issn.1008-5971.2017.05.011
2017-02-05;
2017-05-18)
710038陕西省西安市,西安医学院第二附属医院肾脏内分泌科