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趋化因子CCL2在胃癌组织中的表达及意义

2017-06-12杜宁彬吕家俊王伟锋石鹏飞陕西省咸阳市第一人民医院心胸肿瘤外科陕西咸阳7000西安交通大学医学部第一附属医院肿瘤中心陕西西安7006

转化医学电子杂志 2017年5期
关键词:趋化因子阴性胃癌

杜宁彬,尹 璐,吕家俊,王伟锋,石鹏飞,张 佳(陕西省咸阳市第一人民医院心胸肿瘤外科,陕西 咸阳7000;西安交通大学:医学部,第一附属医院肿瘤中心,陕西西安7006)

趋化因子CCL2在胃癌组织中的表达及意义

杜宁彬1,尹 璐1,吕家俊2,王伟锋1,石鹏飞1,张 佳3(1陕西省咸阳市第一人民医院心胸肿瘤外科,陕西 咸阳712000;西安交通大学:2医学部,3第一附属医院肿瘤中心,陕西西安710061)

目的:探讨CCL2在胃癌中的表达,并分析其与胃癌临床病理特征的关系及临床意义.方法:采用免疫组织化学SP方法检测CCL2在178例胃癌中的表达情况,并分析其与分期、分级及转移等临床病理特征及与预后的相关性.结果:在178例胃癌组织中,共有100例组织高表达,阳性表达率为56.2%,明显高于癌旁组织.CCL2在胃癌中的表达与胃癌患者TNM分期、肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结的转移、远处转移及肿瘤大小相关(P<0.05),而与其他临床病理指标之间未见明显相关(P>0.05).经Kaplan-Meier法生存比较,CCL2的阳性表达者比阴性表达者生存期短(P<0.05).结论:CCL2在胃癌组织中高表达,其表达量与胃癌TNM分期、肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结的转移、远处转移及肿瘤大小相关,提示CCL2的表达可能参与胃癌的发展、转移过程,有望为胃癌的诊断与治疗提供新途径.

CCL2;胃癌;免疫组织化学

0 引言

胃癌是常见恶性肿瘤,在全球范围内,其位居恶性肿瘤致死率的第2位,仅次于肺癌[1].尽管近年来对于胃癌的治疗有了很大的改进,进展期胃癌的预后仍然较差,且患者在确诊时已发生转移[2-3].因此,寻找胃癌新的转移相关标志物来预测胃癌早期转移及预后极为重要.

趋化因子为一类分子量小的分泌蛋白家族,在包括肿瘤的炎症相关疾病中起重要作用[4].趋化因子CCL2也被称为单核细胞趋化蛋白1(monocyte chemoattractant protein-1,MCP-1),为趋化因子家族中的重要一员[5].研究发现其在多种肿瘤如乳腺癌、结直肠癌、前列腺癌、宫颈癌、甲状腺癌等中高表达,且与患者不良预后相关[6-14].CCL2通过招募单核巨噬细胞促进肿瘤侵袭和转移[15].然而CCL2在胃癌中的研究及其与胃癌患者预后的关系研究较少.

本研究拟通过免疫组化方法测定CCL2在胃癌中的表达情况,分析其与分期、分级及转移等临床病理特征及预后的相关性.

1 材料和方法

1.1 材料胃癌组织取自2004-01/2009-12西安交通大学第一附属医院及陕西省咸阳市二一五医院手术切除标本,共178例,经病理检测证实为胃腺癌.所有患者术前均未进行放疗或化疗,临床病理资料完整,随访时间截止于2016年1月,随访时间至少5年.男125例,女53例,年龄36~72岁,Ⅰ期22例,Ⅱ期55例,Ⅲ期62例,Ⅳ期39例.癌旁对照选取同一组织标本距癌组织边缘大于5 cm的胃组织.根据UICC/AJCC国际TNM肿瘤分期标准对胃癌进行分期,同时对胃癌组织进行组织学分级.所有病例均经两位病理医生复诊确认.

1.2 方法首先对组织蜡块进行4 μm厚的连续性切片.进一步免疫组织化学染色采用SP法.对石蜡切片进行常规脱蜡,按试剂盒产品说明书进行SP法免疫组化染色操作.SP法免疫组化试剂盒购于北京中杉金桥公司,兔抗人CCL2抗体购于英国Abcam公司,进行1∶200的稀释并用于实验.阳性对照选用已知阳性片,阴性对照选用PBS代替一抗.

结果判定:采用双盲法进行阅片,由两名独立于研究的人员对实验结果进行判定,CCL2阳性染色大部分定位于细胞质,表现为细胞质可见明显黄色物质或棕黄色物质.在显微镜下随机观察5个视野(×200)并进行阳性细胞计数,每例组织切片总共计数不少于1000个癌细胞,并计算阳性细胞的比例.根据阳性细胞所占的比例进行定义:0分为阴性,1分为阳性细胞数<25%,2分为25%~49%,3分为50%~74%,4分为>74%.根据染色强度按下列标准进行评分:0分为阴性或与阴性相仿,1分为淡黄色,2分为棕黄色,3分为棕褐色.统计分析时,将两项得分乘积≤3定义为弱表达,>3定义为强表达.

1.3 统计学处理采用SPSS16.0统计软件对结果进行处理,CCL2的表达与临床病理之间的联系采用χ2检验和Fisher’s精确检验,生存分析采用Kaplan-Meier法,P<0.05表示差异具有统计学意义.

2 结果

2.1 CCL2在胃癌中的表达在178胃癌组织标本中,共有100例胃癌组织中高表达,阳性表达率为56.2%.178例癌旁组织中共有35例高表达,阳性表达率为19.7%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05,图1).

图1 CCL2在胃癌中的表达(SP×200)

表1 CCL2表达与临床病理特征的相关性

2.2 CCL2表达与胃癌患者预后的关系在178例胃癌患者中,通过Kaplan-Meier分析发现,CCL2胃癌患者组织标本中的表达水平与患者预后明显相关(P<0.05).CCL2表达阴性者中位生存期为48.5个月,阳性者中位生存期为31.4个月,阴性者比阳性者延长17.1个月,提示胃癌患者中CCL2阳性表达者预后较差(图2).

图2 CCL2表达与胃癌患者预后的Kaplan-Meier生存曲线

3 讨论

CCL2最早于1989年被从人胶质瘤和单核细胞中纯化并且克隆出来,发现其具有趋化单核细胞的作用[16-17].进一步研究发现其在单核细胞浸润的很多疾病中起重要作用,比如类风湿性关节炎、动脉粥样硬化和肿瘤[18].在乳腺癌中,研究发现沉默CCL2可通过阻断肿瘤干细胞自我更新和M2型巨噬细胞募集来抑制三阴乳腺癌的发展[19].胰腺胆管腺癌中,源于肿瘤的 CCL2可介导对放疗的抵抗[20].CCL2/CCR2轴非转移性肾透明细胞癌术后生存和复发相关[21].胶质瘤微环境中产生的CCL2对招募调节性T细胞和髓系抑制细胞至关重要[22].一种新的应用ASC-J9治疗前列腺炎主要是通过改变细胞因子CCL2信号[23].CCL2为肾透明细胞癌的一个潜在的治疗靶点[24].目前为止,CCL2在胃癌中的表达及其与胃癌患者预后的关系的相关研究较少.

我们前期研究结果证实肿瘤相关巨噬细胞与胃癌预后明显相关[25].CCL2可趋化肿瘤相关巨噬细胞,那CCL2是否与胃癌患者临床病理指标和预后相关呢?本研究应用免疫组织化学技术,分析了CCL2在胃癌组织中的表达情况及其与临床病理特征以及预后的关系,研究结果表明,在178例胃癌组织标本中,共有100例胃癌组织中高表达,阳性表达率为56.2%,178例癌旁组织中共有35例高表达,阳性表达率为19.7%,在癌组织中的表达明显高于癌旁正常组织,说明CCL2在胃癌中可能具有癌基因功能,且与胃癌的发生相关.CCL2的表达与胃癌TNM分期、肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结的转移、远处转移及肿瘤大小相关,表明CCL2高表达可能与胃癌进展相关.通过Kaplan-Meier分析发现,CCL2在胃癌患者组织标本中的表达水平与患者预后明显相关(P<0.05).CCL2阴性表达者中位生存期为48.5个月,阳性表达者中位生存期为31.4个月,阴性者比阳性者延长17.1个月,提示胃癌患者中CCL2阳性表达者预后较差.

综上所述,CCL2的高表达在胃上皮细胞恶性转化中起重要作用,与胃癌的生长、侵袭、转移及不良预后明显相关.对其具体调控机制的探讨,有望为胃癌的诊断和治疗提供新途径.

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Expression and significanceofCCL2 in gastric cancer tissues

DU Ning-Bin1,YIN Lu1,LV Jia-Jun2,WANG Wei-Feng1,SHI Peng-Fei1,ZHANG Jia31DepartmentofCardiothoracic and Oncology Surgery, First People’s Hospital of Xianyang,Xianyang 712000,China;Xi’an Jiaotong University:2Health Science Center,3Cancer Center,The First Affiliated Hospital,Xi’an 710061,China

AIM:To investigate the expression of CCL2 in gastric cancer,and analyze the relationship between CCL2 and gastric cancer.METHODS:The expression of CCL2 in 178 samples of gastric cancer were measured by immunohistochemistry.The relationship between the expression of CCL2 and clinicopathological features were analyzed.RESULTS:A total of 100 cases were high expression in 178 cases gastric cancer,and the positive rate of CCL2 was 56.2%in gastric cancer,which was higher than that of the adjacent tissues.There was a significant relationship between expression status of CCL2 and TNM stage,depth of invasion,nodal involvement,metastasis or tumor diameter(P<0.05).There was no correlation between expression status of CCL2 and gender,age,borrmann type or differentiation(P>0.05).The results of Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that sunvival time of positive expression of CCL2 was shorter than that of nagative expression(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The expression of CCL2 in gastric cancer is unclear,our study shows that there was a significant relationship between expression status of CCL2 and TNM stage,depth of invasion,nodal involvement,metastasis or tumor diameter which indicates the expression of CCL2 might play some part in the development and metastasis of gastric cancer as an oncogene.More research in the mechanism of CCL2 in gastric adenocarcinoma may improve the rate of early diagnosis of gastric cancer,and provide a new target for gastric adenocarcinoma treatment.

CCL2;gastric cancer;immunohistochemistry

R735.2

A

2095-6894(2017)05-47-04

2017-01-09;接受日期:2017-01-25

陕西省科学技术研究发展计划项目(2014KW23-02)

杜宁彬.研究方向:心胸外科及肿瘤.E-mail:363187587@qq.com

张 佳.博士.研究方向:胸部、腹部肿瘤.E-mail:zhangjiaxjtu@xjtu.edu.cn

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