过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体—γ激动剂对急性胰腺炎大鼠核转录因子—κB/Toll样受体4通路的调节及肾损伤的保护
2017-06-01陆贝于源泉殷俊杰蔡阳
陆贝 于源泉 殷俊杰 蔡阳
[摘要] 目的 探讨过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-γ激动剂对急性胰腺炎大鼠核转录因子-κB/Toll样受体4通路的调节以及肾损伤的保护作用。 方法 选择72只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组(SO组)、模型组(SAP组)和罗格列酮组(ROSI组),各组再随机分为术后6 h、12 h、24 h組,每组8只。SAP组采用两次腹腔注射L-精氨酸制备SAP模型,ROSI组30 min后股静脉注射10%罗格列酮溶液6 mg/kg,SO组腹腔注射等体积生理盐水。观察大鼠肾脏病理改变,测定肾脏TLR4、NF-κB蛋白表达水平,检测血清TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、BUN、Cr含量。 结果 ROSI组大鼠肾小管细胞病理损害较SAP组减轻;与SAP组比较,肾组织内NF-κB、TLR4蛋白明显下降(P<0.05);ROSI组外周血IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α和BUN、Cr含量与SAP组比较明显下降(P<0.05)。 结论 PPAR-γ激动剂罗格列酮能减轻急性胰腺炎大鼠肾小管上皮细胞的损伤,同时抑制NF-κB、TLR4蛋白表达,降低促炎细胞因子水平,推测PPAR-γ激动剂对NF-κB/TLR4通路的调节可能是胰腺炎的保护机制之一。
[关键词] 急性胰腺炎;过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体;核转录因子-κB;Toll样受体
[中图分类号] R576 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-9701(2016)34-0031-04
Regulation of nuclear factor-κB/Toll-like receptor 4 pathway and protection of renal injury in rats with acute pancreatitis by peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ agonist
LU Bei1 YU Yuanquan2 YIN Junjie1 CAI Yang1
1.Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310006, China; 2.Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the regulation of nuclear factor-κB/toll-like receptor 4 pathway and protection of renal injury in rats with acute pancreatitis by peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ agonist. Methods 72 SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group(SO group), model group(SAP group) and rosiglitazone group(ROSI group). The rats in each group were further randomly divided into postoperative 6 h, 12 h and 24 h group, with 8 rats in each group. In the SAP group, SAP model was prepared by intraperitoneal injection of L-arginine twice. In ROSI group, 6 mg/kg of 10% rosiglitazone solution was intravenously injected after 30 min. In the SO group, equal volume of normal saline was injected intraperitoneally. The pathological changes of rat's kidney was observed. The expression levels of TLR4 and NF-κB in kidneys were measured. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, BUN and Cr in serum were measured. Results The pathological damage of renal tubular cells in ROSI group was less than that in SAP group. Compared with SAP group, the expressions of NF-κB and TLR4 in renal tissue were significantly decreased(P<0.05); the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, BUN and Cr in ROSI group were significantly lower than those in SAP group(P<0.05). Conclusion Rosiglitazone, a PPAR-γ agonist, attenuates the injury of renal tubular epithelial cells in rats with acute pancreatitis, inhibits the expression of NF-κB and TLR4 proteins and decreases the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines. It is speculated that the regulation of NF-κB/TLR4 pathway by PPAR-γ agonists may be one of the protective mechanisms of pancreatitis.
[Key words] Acute pancreatitis; Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors; Nuclear transcription factor-κB; Toll-like receptors
急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis,AP)炎症细胞因子的过量产生可导致全身炎症反应综合征(systemic inflammatory response syndrome,SIRS)和多器官功能不全(multiple organ dysfunction syndrome,MODS)。核转录因子-κBp65(nuclear transcription factor-κBp65,NF-κBp65)是AP炎症级联反应的上游靶点,在SIRS、MODS环节中起信使作用,而过氧化物酶體增殖物激活受体-γ(peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-γ,PPAR-γ)激动剂是细胞增殖和炎症反应的调节剂,因此PPAR-γ激动剂可能通过抑制NF-κB活化控制AP,减轻肾脏等胰外器官损害[1,2]。本实验观察罗格列酮对AP大鼠肾脏损害、NF-κBp65、Toll样受体4(toll-like receptor 4,TLR4)的影响,探讨PPAR-γ激动剂与NF-κBp65/TLR4信号通路的关系。
1 材料与方法
1.1材料
选择雄性清洁级SD大鼠72只,质量272~325 g,浙江省中医药大学实验动物中心购入。L-精氨酸、戊巴比妥钠针购自Sigma公司(Sigma,USA),罗格列酮购自Cayman公司(Cayman,USA),Bax、Bcl-2、NF-κB、TLR4单克隆抗体购自Santa公司(Santa Cruz,USA),TUNEL试剂盒购自Takara公司(Takara,Japan)。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 动物模型建立 72只大鼠分为SAP模型组(SAP组,n=24)、罗格列酮组(ROSI组,n=24)、假手术组(SO组,n=24),各组再随机分为术后6 h、12 h、24 h组,每组8只。大鼠腹腔内注射2.5%戊巴比妥钠0.2 mL/100 g麻醉,股静脉插管用微泵持续输液。SAP组:腹腔两次注射法建立大鼠SAP模型:先后两次(间隔1 h)向腹腔内注射L-精氨酸2.0 g/kg、浓度20 g/L即完成SAP制模。SO组:仅向腹腔内两次注射等体积生理盐水。ROSI组:造模SAP成功后30 min,经股静脉注射10%罗格列酮溶液6 mg/kg,术后相应时间点剖杀。
1.2.2 肾脏组织病理 大鼠剖杀后取肾脏组织以4%多聚甲醛固定,石蜡包埋,HE染色后光镜下观察。
1.2.3 肾脏TLR4、NF-κBp65分子检测 采用免疫组化法和免疫印迹(Western blot)法检测TLR4和NF-κBp65蛋白的表达,具体操作参照TLR4和NF-κBp65检测试剂盒说明书。结果判定:光镜下观察,以胞质出现黄染为阳性细胞,随机选取5个视野利用图像分析系统分析目的蛋白与内参蛋白灰度比值,计算相对含量,以阳性单位(positive unit)PU值大小定量[3]。
1.2.4 血清生化指标 心脏采血后,使用全自动生化分析仪测定血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素1β(interieukin-1β,IL-1β)、IL-6白细胞介素6(interieukin-6,IL-6)、尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen, BUN)、肌酐(creatinine,Cr)的含量。
1.3统计学方法
采用SPSS15.0统计学软件,其中计量资料以(x±s)表示,组间比较采用重复测量方差分析及SNK-q检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 三组肾脏组织病理改变比较
SO组肾组织大体及镜下形态大都正常无变化,见图1。SAP组术后6 h肾脏充血肿胀,色泽晦暗,24 h可见灰色或紫色斑块;镜下12 h肾小球淤血肿胀,肾小管水肿变性,可见肾小管上皮坏死,间质水肿,炎症细胞浸润,见图2。ROSI组术后各时相点肾脏大体和镜下的改变均较SAP组不同程度减轻,见图3。
2.2 三组肾脏TLR4、NF-κBp65蛋白表达水平比较
与SO组比较,SAP组术后6 h肾小管上皮细胞TLR4、NF-κBp65蛋白表达明显升高(P<0.01)。与SAP组比较,ROSI组TLR4、NF-κBp65蛋白表达显著降低(P<0.05),见表1。
2.3 三组血清炎症细胞因子含量比较
SAP组血清炎症细胞因子TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6指标含量术后6 h开始上升,24 h达到高峰。ROSI组各指标含量随时间延长不同程度升高,与SAP组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表2。
2.4三组血清肾功能指标比较
SAP组血清BUN、Cr含量术后逐渐升高,ROSI组与SAP组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表3。
3讨论
SAP引起急性肾损害的机制很多,有学者认为SAP时大量活化的胰酶释放入血,并通过引起肾脏血流动力学的异常、微循环障碍、炎症介质及细胞因子的作用引起肾小管细胞损伤坏死。同时SAP时低血容量性休克、血液灌注不良、缺氧、缺血再灌注损伤等引起的肾脏微循环障碍进一步加重肾损伤[4,5]。胰外器官损害中肾功能不全发生率仅次于肺功能损害,约占14%~43%,如发展为急性肾功能衰竭,病死率高达80%,是SAP常见的致死原因之一[6]。2003年Hashimoto等[2]发现对AP实验大鼠使用PPAR-γ激动剂15 d-PGJ2后,大鼠血液和胰腺组织中环氧合酶-2(COX-2)、ICAM-1、IL-6表达下调,NF-κB活性下降,胰腺组织病理学改变明显减轻,第一次在实验动物层面证明PPAR-γ激动剂可能是AP的治疗靶点。PPAR-γ是细胞增殖和炎症反应的调节剂,参与机体的炎症反应过程,抗炎作用广泛而强大,包括抑制IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α的分泌及ICAM-1、NF-κB的表达等。其中PPAR-γ对NF-κB的调节是通过抑制IκB的降解、促使NF-κB活性下调而实现[7-11],但国内外关于PPAR-γ与NF-κB相关性的研究并不多。
本实验中ROSI组造模后30 min股静脉注射10%罗格列酮,与SAP组比较肾损伤病理有明显改善,肾脏组织NF-κB、TLR4活性下降(P<0.05),外周血IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α等含量下调(P<0.05),且BUN、Cr水平明显下降(P<0.05),表明罗格列酮对NF-κB/TLR4信号通路有明显的抑制作用,提示PPAR-γ激动剂可能通过抑制NF-κB/TLR4信号传导通路的活化,下调促炎细胞因子表达。有学者在SAP造模前注射罗格列酮,发现罗格列酮通过抑制NF-κB的表达,减少TNF-α和ICAM-1的产生,减轻SAP致肾损伤的发生发展[6],结果与本实验一致。罗格列酮是目前发现的作用最强的噻唑烷二酮类药物,它是高选择性PPAR-γ激动剂。研究表明罗格列酮在诸多器官、系统的炎症反应中均发挥着一定的抗炎作用,其抗炎作用独立于胰岛素增敏及诱导细胞分化等作用之外[12-21]。
本研究结果进一步揭示罗格列酮的抗炎作用参与其对SAP肾损伤的保护机制。PPAR-γ具有转录激活和转录抑制作用,罗格列酮作为其激动剂和配体,能作用于NF-κB/TLR4信号转导途径,抑制细胞因子的基因表达,发挥其抗炎作用,并减轻SAP所致的肾损伤,可能为SAP肾损伤提供新的治疗前景。
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(收稿日期:2016-09-23)